Advanced treatment of WWTP effluent; no use or reuse?

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Scherrenberg ◽  
H.W.H. Menkveld ◽  
D.J. Schuurman ◽  
J.J.M. den Elzen ◽  
J.H.J.M. van der Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

From 2006 until 2008 a research project is executed at wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Leiden Zuid-West (The Rijnland District Water Control Board). The research focus is on the removal of nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals and priority hazardous substances from WWTP effluent with different treatment techniques to reach the effluent quality which is required by the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. The semi-practical installation at WWTP Leiden Zuid-West consists of small full scale installations and has a maximum capacity of 150 m3/h. The installation is divided into two parallel streets. The first street consists of flocculation tanks and a continuous sand filter. The second street consists of a continuous sand filter, flocculation tanks and a dual media filter. The continuous sand filters are denitrifying filters. The results of this research up to now show that continuous sand filtration has the ability of removing total nitrogen and total phosphorous to MPR values (maximum permissible risk) at high filtration rates. This means that continuous sand filtration is suitable as pre-treatment for ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis to produce ultra pure water. The advanced treatment of WWTP effluent is not only good to reach a better water quality but makes also the possibility of reuse easier.

Innovative phosphorus distribution method to achieve advanced chemical phosphorus removal

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1727-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Scherrenberg ◽  
A. F. van Nieuwenhuijzen ◽  
H. W. H. Menkveld ◽  
J. J. M. den Elzen ◽  
J. H. J. M. van der Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Dissolved Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

Since November 2006 a large-scale research project has been carried out at Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Leiden Zuidwest (within the Rijnland District Water Control Board). This research focuses on advanced removal of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen), heavy metals and priority hazardous substances from WWTP-effluent with different treatment techniques to reach an effluent quality, which could be required in the future by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC. Within the WFD-approach to guarantee an ecological and a chemical “good status” of the receiving water bodies, the focus is more and more on ultra low phosphorus concentrations in effluent. To be able to reach these stringent goals more insight into phosphorus components in effluent is required. A new method of distribution of phosphorus is used to determine orthophosphate, metal bound phosphorus, dissolved “organic” phosphorus and particulate “organic” phosphorus. This knowledge about the distribution of phosphorus makes it possible to compare different filter concepts and different process parameters, for example flocculation time, initial mixing energy and filtration rates. When comparing (filter concept 1) continuous sand filtration with (filter concept 2) dual media filtration for phosphorus removal, it appears that, a higher percentage of the formed metal bound phosphorus will pass the continuous sand filter. The ortho-phosphorus which is not bound to trivalent metal after coagulation will remain dissolved ortho-phosphorus and will pass the filter bed. This is shown in both filter concepts. The dissolved ‘organic’ phosphorus decreases after flocculation and the particulate ‘organic’ phosphorus increases which suggests that it may be colloidal or associated with colloidal material. With continuous sand filtration 50% of the particulate phosphorus is removed. In the dual media filter even 86% of the particulate phosphorus is removed.

Effects of Backwashing on the Characteristics of Sand Filtration Effluents: Organic and Microbial Analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 2921-2925
Author(s):  
Jian Li Lin ◽  
Chih Ming Kao ◽  
Jen Jeng Chen ◽  
Shao Wei Liao ◽  
Chung Yi Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Continuous Increase

In this study, the head loss, turbidity, particle size, and zeta potential were monitored from the effluent of the sand filtration system after backwashing located in Cheng-Ching Lake (CCL) Water Treatment Plant. Moreover, the non-purgeable dissolved organic matter (NPDOC) and excitation emission fluorescent matrix (EEFM) were measured for the collected water samples with or without the pretreatment process. Results indicate that the turbidity of the influent dropped to 0.06 NTU and remained stable after flowing through the sand filter during the 4-hr operation period. However, a continuous increase of the head loss and sand particle size for the sand filter was observed. This phenomenon was opposite with the absolute value of zeta potential. The water samples were collected from the effluent of the sand filter and were treated by a 0.2 μm membrane filter. Thus, higher NPDOC values of sample without pretreatment were observed in comparison with sample with treatment. Results indicate that the sand filter was able to remove NPDOC, and bacteria might proliferate among the sand filter in rapid filtration. Results from the EEFM analyses show that effluents without membrane filtration pretreatment contained a higher percentage of aromatic protein. Compared to the water samples without pretreatment, more humic-like substance was found in the effluent. This reveals that microbial products or bacteria were detached from the fillers after the backwashing process.

Removal of cyanobacterial metabolites through wastewater treatment plant filters

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Ho ◽  
Daniel Hoefel ◽  
Charlotte Grasset ◽  
Sebastien Palazot ◽  
Gayle Newcombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
High Nutrient

Wastewaters have the potential to proliferate excessive numbers of cyanobacteria due to high nutrient levels. This could translate to the production of metabolites, such as the saxitoxins, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), which can impair the quality of wastewater destined for re-use. Biological sand filtration was assessed for its ability to remove these metabolites from a wastewater. Results indicated that the sand filter was incapable of effectively removing the saxitoxins and in some instances, the effluent of the sand filter displayed greater toxicity than the influent. Conversely, the sand filter was able to effectively remove geosmin and MIB, with removal attributed to biodegradation. Granular activated carbon was employed as an alternative filter medium to remove the saxitoxins. Results showed similar removals to previous drinking water studies, where efficient removals were initially observed, followed by a decrease in the removal; a consequence of the presence of competing organics which reduced adsorption of the saxitoxins.

scholarly journals Efficiency of organic substance removal in a hybrid sand filter with horizontal flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski
Keyword(s):  
Organic Substance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Hydraulic Load

AbstractThe paper presents the results of the research about the efficiency of organic substance removal in a hybrid sand filter. The investigations were carried out on a model wastewater treatment plant consisting of a preliminary sedimentation tank and two sand filter with a horizontal flow of wastewater (aerobic and anaerobic beds). The efficiency of BOD5 and COD removal was analysed for different wastewater hydraulic load levels: 0.72; 1.08; 1.44 dm3·d−1. The best efficiency of BOD5 and COD removal was obtained when the hydraulic load level was 1.08 dm3·d−1, respectively 83.8 and 72.3%. The average values of BOD5 and COD in the treated wastewater were significantly higher than the values deemed acceptable by relevant regulations in Poland. Based on the studies in the analyzed case, it was found that, sand filters with horizontal flow, do not guarantee high effluent treatment effect of typical household wastewater. In order to obtain a better efficiency of organic substance removal in a hybrid sand filter wastewater need to be oxygenate before being carried to these systems.

Experimental Study on GAC-Sand Filter for Advanced Treatment in Drinking Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3044-3047
Author(s):  
Wan Chun Tan ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Yun Bo Wang ◽  
Shi Quan Sun ◽  
Chen Xue Yu
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Water Treatment Process

A granular activated carbon sand dual media filter (GSF) was investigated as an advanced water treatment process of waterworks through the pilot test. The results show that the GSFs can remove organic matter in the water effectively instead of the sand filters. During the filtration,the effectiveness of CODMn elimination was effective, the average removal rate reached 48.2%. The average pH of the filtered water had dropped from 7.26 to 8.35, indicating that the alkaline environment is necessary for nitrifying bacteria to remain active. The ability of water treatment and quality could be raised and improve the chemical safety of the filtered water.

Micro-straining as advanced treatment of wastewater applied to the main wastewater treatment plant in Wiesbaden

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
Arno Grau ◽  
Michael Haeusler ◽  
Wälti Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Solids Retention

Micro-straining as an advance treatment of wastewater has been evaluated in a half as well as full technical unit. Mesh dimensions of 10, 20 and 40 μ have been used, straining velocities between 10 to 35 m/h have been measured and suspended solids retention of 75 – 85 % could be achieved. The investment and operational costs are lower than those of other systems, e.g. sand filtration.

scholarly journals Bioaugmented Sand Filter Columns Provide Stable Removal of Pesticide Residue From Membrane Retentate

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Ellegaard-Jensen ◽  
Morten Dencker Schostag ◽  
Mahdi Nikbakht Fini ◽  
Nora Badawi ◽  
Alex Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Drinking water resources, such as groundwater, are threatened by pollution. The pesticide metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) is one of the compounds frequently found in groundwater. Studies have attempted to add specific BAM-degrading bacteria to sand filters at drinking water treatment facilities. This biotechnology has shown great potential in removing BAM from contaminated water. However, the degradation potential was formerly lost after ~2–3 weeks due to a decrease of the degrader population over time. The aim of the present study was to overcome the constraints leading to loss of degraders from inoculated filters. Our approach was threefold: (1) Development of a novel inoculation strategy, (2) lowering the flowrate to reduce washout of cells, and (3) increasing the concentration of nutrients hereunder the pollutant in a smaller inlet water stream. The two latter were achieved via modifications of the inlet water by applying membrane treatment which, besides producing an ultra-pure water fraction, produced a residual water stream with nutrients including BAM concentrated in ~ten-fold reduced volume. This was done to alleviate starvation of degrader bacteria in the otherwise oligotrophic sand filters and to enable a decreased flowrate. By this approach, we achieved 100% BAM removal over a period of 40 days in sand filter columns inoculated with the BAM-degrader Aminobacter sp. MSH1. Molecular targeting of the degrader strain showed that the population of degrader bacteria persisted at high numbers throughout the sand filter columns and over the entire timespan of the experiment. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing confirmed that MSH1 dominated the bacterial communities of the inoculated sand filter columns at experimental termination. The community composition of the indigenous prokaryotes, based on beta diversity, in the sand filter columns was governed by the feed water type i.e., membrane retentate or untreated water.

Evaluation of moving bed sand filter for denitrification, suspended solids removal and very low effluent total phosphorus concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-242
Author(s):  
S. S. Rathnaweera ◽  
B. Rusten ◽  
L. D. Manamperuma ◽  
J. Gjevre ◽  
I. Tranum
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Final Effluent

Abstract Continuously flushing moving bed sand filter was operated in pilot scale for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen removal with simultaneous particle removal. The wastewater tested was either final effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with nitrogen removal in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) followed by coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) for P and suspended solids (SS) removal, or different mixtures of this final effluent and effluent from the MBBR-stage. The study focused on the applicability to achieve low total phosphorus (TP) concentrations (below 0.1 mg/L) and suspended solids concentrations (below 10 mg SS/L), plus good denitrification (removal rate over 750 g NO3-N/m3-d), by treating wastewater having variable concentrations of TP (from 0.19 to 7.3 mg/L), SS (from 3 to 169 mg/L) and total nitrogen (from 8 to 27 mg/L). The target effluent TP limit was easily achieved when adding coagulant to WWTP effluent. With correct coagulant dose (Al/TP-molar ratio >4) and good particle removal the target effluent TP could also be reached when treating mixed WW with fairly high influent TP. Very high denitrification rates were achieved with adequate influent P concentration and external carbon source. Low denitrification rates were observed when limited by low concentrations of biodegradable carbon and phosphorus.

scholarly journals Removal of Carbamazepine onto Modified Zeolitic Tuff in Different Water Matrices: Batch and Continuous Flow Experiments

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Othman A. Al-Mashaqbeh ◽  
Diya A. Alsafadi ◽  
Layal Z. Alsalhi ◽  
Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt ◽  
Daniel D. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Zeolitic Tuff ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Surfactant Modification

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is the most frequently detected pharmaceutical residues in aquatic environments effluent by wastewater treatment plants. Batch and column experiments were conducted to evaluate the removal of CBZ from ultra-pure water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent using raw zeolitic tuff (RZT) and surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ). Point zero net charge (pHpzc), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were investigated for adsorbents to evaluate the physiochemical changes resulted from the modification process using Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br). XRD and FTIR showed that the surfactant modification of RZT has created an amorphous surface with new alkyl groups on the surface. The pHpzc was determined to be approximately 7.9 for RZT and SMZ. The results indicated that the CBZ uptake by SMZ is higher than RZT in all sorption tests (>8 fold). Batch results showed that the sorption capacity of RZT and SMZ in WWTP effluent (0.029 and 0.25 mg/g) is higher than RZT and SMZ (0.018 and 0.14 mg/g) in ultrapure water (1.6–1.8 fold). Batch tests showed that the equilibrium time of CBZ removal in the WWTP matrix (47 h) is much longer than CBZ removal in ultrapure water. The sorption capacity of RZT & SMZ in WWTP effluent (0.03, 0.33 mg/g) is higher than RZT and SMZ (0.02 and 0.17 mg/g) in ultrapure water (1.5–2 fold) using column test. This study has clearly demonstrated that the performance of RZT and SMZ is more efficient for the removal of CBZ from realistic wastewater than ultrapure water. It is evident that the surfactant modification of RZT has enhanced the CBZ removal in both matrices.

Reuse potential analysis on WWTP effluent of industrial parks in Taiwan

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.P. Chu ◽  
Y.S. Wu ◽  
C.C. Lin ◽  
Y.J. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Production Quantity ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
The Ideal

This study examined the reuse potential of the effluents discharged from several unified wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of industrial parks in Taiwan, with designed capacity exceeding 10,000 CMD. Parameters were selected based on the relevant reuse purposes. The “potential recycling percentage”, R of the WWTP effluent was defined as the maximal percentage of pure water extractable by the “ideal reverse osmosis module” while the RO retentate still met local effluent standards and required no treatment. The analytical results demonstrated that the WWTP effluents had potential for recycling. A pilot plant was installed in one of the WWTPs. The treatment process included a sand filter, an ultrafiltration unit (UF) and a reverse osmosis module (RO). Results of this study demonstrated that the production quantity and quality are stable and appropriate for various purposes, including both industrial and domestic applications.

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