Innovative phosphorus distribution method to achieve advanced chemical phosphorus removal

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1727-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Scherrenberg ◽  
A. F. van Nieuwenhuijzen ◽  
H. W. H. Menkveld ◽  
J. J. M. den Elzen ◽  
J. H. J. M. van der Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Dissolved Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

Since November 2006 a large-scale research project has been carried out at Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Leiden Zuidwest (within the Rijnland District Water Control Board). This research focuses on advanced removal of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen), heavy metals and priority hazardous substances from WWTP-effluent with different treatment techniques to reach an effluent quality, which could be required in the future by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC. Within the WFD-approach to guarantee an ecological and a chemical “good status” of the receiving water bodies, the focus is more and more on ultra low phosphorus concentrations in effluent. To be able to reach these stringent goals more insight into phosphorus components in effluent is required. A new method of distribution of phosphorus is used to determine orthophosphate, metal bound phosphorus, dissolved “organic” phosphorus and particulate “organic” phosphorus. This knowledge about the distribution of phosphorus makes it possible to compare different filter concepts and different process parameters, for example flocculation time, initial mixing energy and filtration rates. When comparing (filter concept 1) continuous sand filtration with (filter concept 2) dual media filtration for phosphorus removal, it appears that, a higher percentage of the formed metal bound phosphorus will pass the continuous sand filter. The ortho-phosphorus which is not bound to trivalent metal after coagulation will remain dissolved ortho-phosphorus and will pass the filter bed. This is shown in both filter concepts. The dissolved ‘organic’ phosphorus decreases after flocculation and the particulate ‘organic’ phosphorus increases which suggests that it may be colloidal or associated with colloidal material. With continuous sand filtration 50% of the particulate phosphorus is removed. In the dual media filter even 86% of the particulate phosphorus is removed.

Advanced treatment of WWTP effluent; no use or reuse?

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Scherrenberg ◽  
H.W.H. Menkveld ◽  
D.J. Schuurman ◽  
J.J.M. den Elzen ◽  
J.H.J.M. van der Graaf
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Wwtp Effluent

From 2006 until 2008 a research project is executed at wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Leiden Zuid-West (The Rijnland District Water Control Board). The research focus is on the removal of nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals and priority hazardous substances from WWTP effluent with different treatment techniques to reach the effluent quality which is required by the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. The semi-practical installation at WWTP Leiden Zuid-West consists of small full scale installations and has a maximum capacity of 150 m3/h. The installation is divided into two parallel streets. The first street consists of flocculation tanks and a continuous sand filter. The second street consists of a continuous sand filter, flocculation tanks and a dual media filter. The continuous sand filters are denitrifying filters. The results of this research up to now show that continuous sand filtration has the ability of removing total nitrogen and total phosphorous to MPR values (maximum permissible risk) at high filtration rates. This means that continuous sand filtration is suitable as pre-treatment for ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis to produce ultra pure water. The advanced treatment of WWTP effluent is not only good to reach a better water quality but makes also the possibility of reuse easier.

Upgrading and nitrification by submerged bio-film reactors - experiences from a large scale plant

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Lessel
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Stable Conditions ◽  
Process Operation ◽  
Reactor Types

The upgrading and nitrification was a requirement in 1986 for the conventional sewage treatment plant Geiselbullach, west of Munich, Germany, designed for 250 000 inhabitants equivalents. The possibility was tested to use submerged bio-film reactors in the aeration tanks to increase the MLSS concentration. Half-scale experiments were undertaken with three different reactor types. A rope type material, called Ring-laceR was selected for the large-scale application, because it did not produce anaerobic sludge deposits, as the other tested reactor types did. The design criteria had to be developed. The process operation started in January 1988; a few months later the phosphorus removal by chemical precipitation was also put into operation. After stable conditions were assured the concentration of the MLSS could be increased to about 10 g/l, due to sludge volume indices of about 50, formerly 180 to 300. A nearly complete nitrification was achieved, which could even be continued in winter times at water temperatures of 8 to 10 °C. Many highly developed microorganisms in the sessile sludge occurred (nematodes, tubifex…), which grew excessively under certain conditions and reduced the normal bacteria to unacceptable low quantities. A worm cure could reduce the worms to acceptable counts. Problems with the longtime stability of the material arose and were investigated.

scholarly journals Calibration of a simple and a complex model of global marine biogeochemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 4965-4984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Kriest
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Model Calibration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Component Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dissolved Organic Phosphorus

Abstract. The assessment of the ocean biota's role in climate change is often carried out with global biogeochemical ocean models that contain many components and involve a high level of parametric uncertainty. Because many data that relate to tracers included in a model are only sparsely observed, assessment of model skill is often restricted to tracers that can be easily measured and assembled. Examination of the models' fit to climatologies of inorganic tracers, after the models have been spun up to steady state, is a common but computationally expensive procedure to assess model performance and reliability. Using new tools that have become available for global model assessment and calibration in steady state, this paper examines two different model types – a complex seven-component model (MOPS) and a very simple four-component model (RetroMOPS) – for their fit to dissolved quantities. Before comparing the models, a subset of their biogeochemical parameters has been optimised against annual-mean nutrients and oxygen. Both model types fit the observations almost equally well. The simple model contains only two nutrients: oxygen and dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Its misfit and large-scale tracer distributions are sensitive to the parameterisation of DOP production and decay. The spatio-temporal decoupling of nitrogen and oxygen, and processes involved in their uptake and release, renders oxygen and nitrate valuable tracers for model calibration. In addition, the non-conservative nature of these tracers (with respect to their upper boundary condition) introduces the global bias (fixed nitrogen and oxygen inventory) as a useful additional constraint on model parameters. Dissolved organic phosphorus at the surface behaves antagonistically to phosphate, and suggests that observations of this tracer – although difficult to measure – may be an important asset for model calibration.

Advanced phosphorus removal for secondary effluent using a natural treatment system

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1412-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ke ◽  
W. C. Li ◽  
H. Y. Li ◽  
F. Xiong ◽  
A. N. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Natural Treatment

Mechanisms for low concentrations phosphorus removal in secondary effluent were studied, and a process was developed using limestone filters (LF), submerged macrophyte oxidation ponds (SMOPs) and a subsurface vertical flow wetland (SVFW). Pilot scale experimental models were applied in series to investigate the advanced purification of total phosphorus (TP) in secondary effluent at the Chengjiang sewage treatment plant. With a total hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 82.52 h, the average effluent TP dropped to 0.17 mg L−1, meeting the standard for Class III surface waters. The major functions of the LF were adsorption and forced precipitation, with a particulate phosphorus (PP) removal of 82.93% and a total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) removal of 41.07%. Oxygen-releasing submerged macrophytes in the SMOPs resulted in maximum dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH values of 11.55 mg L−1 and 8.10, respectively. This regime provided suitable conditions for chemical precipitation of TDP, which was reduced by a further 39.29%. In the SVFW, TDP was further reduced, and the TP removal in the final effluent reached 85.08%.

scholarly journals A Novel Method to Characterise Levels of Pharmaceutical Pollution in Large-Scale Aquatic Monitoring Campaigns

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wilkinson ◽  
Alistair Boxall ◽  
Dana Kolpin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Impact

Much of the current understanding of pharmaceutical pollution in the aquatic environment is based on research conducted in Europe, North America and other select high-income nations. One reason for this geographic disparity of data globally is the high cost and analytical intensity of the research, limiting accessibility to necessary equipment. To reduce the impact of such disparities, we present a novel method to support large-scale monitoring campaigns of pharmaceuticals at different geographical scales. The approach employs the use of a miniaturised sampling and shipping approach with a high throughput and fully validated direct-injection High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry method for the quantification of 61 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their metabolites in tap, surface, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent and WWTP effluent water collected globally. A 7-day simulated shipping and sample stability assessment was undertaken demonstrating no significant degradation over the 1–3 days which is typical for global express shipping. Linearity (r2) was consistently ≥0.93 (median = 0.99 ± 0.02), relative standard deviation of intra- and inter-day repeatability and precision was <20% for 75% and 68% of the determinations made at three concentrations, respectively, and recovery from Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry grade water, tap water, surface water and WWTP effluent were within an acceptable range of 60–130% for 87%, 76%, 77% and 63% of determination made at three concentrations respectively. Limits of detection and quantification were determined in all validated matrices and were consistently in the ng/L level needed for environmentally relevant API research. Independent validation of method results was obtained via an interlaboratory comparison of three surface-water samples and one WWTP effluent sample collected in North Liberty, Iowa (USA). Samples used for the interlaboratory validation were analysed at the University of York Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry (York, UK) and the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory in Denver (Colorado, USA). These results document the robustness of using this method on a global scale. Such application of this method would essentially eliminate the interlaboratory analytical variability typical of such large-scale datasets where multiple methods were used.

Reuse of Wastewaters in Agriculture by Means of Sprinkler Irrigation on a Farmland Area of 3000 ha – Large Scale Experience in Germany

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
R. Boll ◽  
R. Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Sewage Farm ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Main Components

The Braunschweig wastewater land treatment system as the largest in Western Germany serves a population of about 270.000 and has an annual flow of around 22 Mio m3. The whole treatment process consists of three main components : a pre-treatment plant as an activated sludge process, a sprinkler irrigation area of 3.000 ha of farmland and an old sewage farm of 200 ha with surface flooding. This paper briefly summarizes the experiences with management and operation of the system, the treatment results with reference to environmental impact, development of agriculture and some financial aspects.

Use of lime for the upgrading of existing wastewater treatment systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Güldner ◽  
W. Hegemann ◽  
N. Peschen ◽  
K. Sölter
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
German States ◽  
Lime Solution ◽  
First Results ◽  
Pre Treatment

The integration of the chemical precipitation unit which would inject a lime solution into a series of mechanical-biological processes, including nitrification/denitrification, and the sludge treatment are the subject of this project. The essential target is the large-scale reconstruction of a mechanical-biological sewage treatment plant with insufficient cleaning performance in the new German states and the adjustment of the precipitation stage to the unsteady inflow of sewage. First results indicate that the pre-treatment performance could be improved by ≅ 20% and the discharge of concentrations of COD, BOD, N and P could be reduced and homogenized. In addition, experiments on hydrolysis and acidifiability of the pre-treatment sludge have been carried out on a laboratory level with the object of making sources of carbon readily available for denitrification. In the course of the experiment, inhibition of fatty acid production by calcareous primary sludge could not be detected. The characteristics of the sludge, such as draining and thickening were considerably improved by the adding of lime.

Design, Operating Results and Experiences of Two Large-Scale Treatment Plants with Biological Nitrogen and Phosphate Elimination

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
C. F. Seyfried ◽  
P. Hartwig
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

This is a report on the design and operating results of two waste water treatment plants which make use of biological nitrogen and phosphate elimination. Both plants are characterized by load situations that are unfavourable for biological P elimination. The influent of the HILDESHEIM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT contains nitrates and little BOD5. Use of the ISAH process ensures the optimum exploitation of the easily degradable substrate for the redissolution of phosphates. Over 70 % phosphate elimination and effluent concentrations of 1.3 mg PO4-P/I have been achieved. Due to severe seasonal fluctuations in loading the activated sludge plant of the HUSUM WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT has to be operated in the stabilization range (F/M ≤ 0.05 kg/(kg·d)) in order not to infringe the required effluent values of 3.9 mg NH4-N/l (2-h-average). The production of surplus sludge is at times too small to allow biological phosphate elimination to be effected in the main stream process. The CISAH (Combined ISAH) process is a combination of the fullstream with the side stream process. It is used in order to achieve the optimum exploitation of biological phosphate elimination by the precipitation of a stripped side stream with a high phosphate content when necessary.

Analysis and design of suitable model structures for activated sludge tanks with circulating flow

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alex ◽  
R. Tschepetzki ◽  
U. Jumar ◽  
F. Obenaus ◽  
K.-H. Rosenwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Model Structures

Activated sludge models are widely used for planning and optimisation of wastewater treatment plants and on line applications are under development to support the operation of complex treatment plants. A proper model is crucial for all of these applications. The task of parameter calibration is focused in several papers and applications. An essential precondition for this task is an appropriately defined model structure, which is often given much less attention. Different model structures for a large scale treatment plant with circulation flow are discussed in this paper. A more systematic method to derive a suitable model structure is applied to this case. Results of a numerical hydraulic model are used for this purpose. The importance of these efforts are proven by a high sensitivity of the simulation results with respect to the selection of the model structure and the hydraulic conditions. Finally it is shown, that model calibration was possible only by adjusting to the hydraulic behaviour and without any changes of biological parameters.

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