Performance of water policy reforms under scarcity conditions: a case study in Northeast Brazil

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 553-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis de Souza Filho ◽  
Casey M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Priority Systems ◽  
Scarce Water ◽  
Market Allocation ◽  
Increasing Demand

Increasing demand for water amid variable hydrology and climate uncertainty challenges the traditional methods of allocating scarce water resources. Water markets are an oft-promoted allocation method but their adoption is limited. This paper evaluates the performance of policy alternatives to water markets in terms of economic efficiency using analytical models of allocation. Priority systems, pricing systems and negotiation are compared for varying levels of scarcity. The analysis finds that the performance of each system depends on the level of scarcity. In general, a priority-based system is best in the worst conditions, while negotiation is better otherwise. This finding is pertinent to water policy and drought management, as negotiation is often only used in the worst conditions and priority used at other times. These results imply the reverse should be true. The paper also shows the means for evaluating non-market allocation in economic terms.

Determinants of water purchases by pistachio producers in an informal groundwater market: a case study from Iran

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinoush Jamali Jaghdani ◽  
Bernhard Brümmer
Keyword(s):  
Water Allocation ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Participation Decision ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Scarce Water

Market-based water allocation systems have the potential to ensure that scarce water will flow to the user who earns the highest marginal value from that water. However, the number of recorded instances where water supply problems are solved by market-based systems remains limited. This study attempts to identify the decisive factors that motivate farmers’ participation in informal spot water markets in the Rafsanjan aquifer in south-eastern Iran. A two-stage random sampling was carried out in a field survey from November 2008 to February 2009. A logit model is used to test the factors affecting farmers’ decisions to buy groundwater from neighbours who share the same pump. The results show that the technological variables contribute substantially to the participation decision. For example, a decrease in water quality, an increase in the age of the garden, and an increase in the size of the water quota reduce the probability of participation. In contrast, more scattered plots, a higher water flow level from pumping, and a deeper well increase the probability of participation in water markets. Finally, the results suggest that in this area, the participation in water markets is motivated more by profit increasing factors than by farmer socioeconomic characteristics.

Linking expert evaluations with public consultation to design water policy at the watershed level

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Garin ◽  
J.-D. Rinaudo ◽  
J. Ruhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Public Consultation ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
European Water ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Increasing Demand

In view of the increasing demand for public participation in public affairs, the European Water Framework Directive requires public consultation when drawing up watershed management plans. Implementation of this Directive requires the development of methods for linking the scientific and technical knowledge of experts with the viewpoints expressed by local actors. The objective of this paper is to propose a public consultation method that can be used as early as the preliminary assessment of river basin characteristics, defined by the Directive, and at the scale of sub-watersheds that make up the district. A case study of a watershed in southern France illustrates this method.

scholarly journals Water Markets - Economic Instruments to Manage Scarcity

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Bjornlund
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Price Relationship

Australia has aggressively pursued water markets as an integral part of water policy reforms. Compared to most other countries, relatively active water markets have therefore emerged. Consequently, Australia provides an unique opportunity to study how markets have been introduced and adopted and their role in managing demand and scarcity. This paper discusses: a) how water markets have evolved in Australia, b) prices paid and volumes traded in water markets, and c) the increase in market participation. During periods of drought, scarcity is the main driver of price and market participation. Irrigators do not buy water in order to maximize their profits due to good commodity prices. Farmers with significant investments in long-term assets purchase water to protect their assets against long-term losses due to inadequate watering. This behavior drives prices to levels where no other agricultural users can compete. The price of water entitlements fluctuates with the price of water allocations, but irrigators do not capitalize scarcity-driven short-term increases in allocation prices into the price of entitlements. Once the region is out of this period of drought further research should be conducted to establish the water price/commodity price relationship during periods of more normal supply. 

Use competition and water exchange in Marina Baja district, Alicante, Spain

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T. Martí
Keyword(s):  
Water Exchange ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Integrated Water Management ◽  
The North ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Water Problems ◽  
Water Uses

The water problems in Marina Baja district, located in the north of Alicante Province, southeast Spain, gives rise to very interesting practices in the management of this scarce resource. The key issue in water use both in the Júcar Catchment and in Marina Baja district is the growing demand for water in inland areas for intensive crop irrigation (principally fruit, medlars and citrus fruit) and the growth in demand for water for urban use, as well as for use in the tourist industry and its related services mainly in the towns in the coastal areas, due to strong growth in tourism. This trend of increasing demand has created a tense situation as well as conflict between existing water uses and the need for integrated water management in the area. This step implies that procedures for water exchange contracts have to be developed, that are significantly different from emerging water markets.

On the Application of the Lu-Gre Model to Simulate Joint Friction in Multi-Body Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedar Gajanan Kale ◽  
Rajiv Rampalli
Keyword(s):  
Friction Model ◽  
Lugre Model ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Joint Friction ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Static Regime ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Automotive Suspension ◽  
Multi Body

Advances in the application of multi-body simulation technology to real world problems have led to an ever increasing demand for higher fidelity modeling techniques. Of these, accurate modeling of friction is of strategic interest in applications such as control system design, automotive suspension analysis, robotics etc. Joints (sometimes referred to as constraints) play an important role in defining the dynamics of a multi-body system. Hence, it is imperative to accurately account for friction forces arising at these joints due to the underlying interface dynamics. In this paper, we discuss the application of LuGre, a dynamic friction model to simulate joint friction. We choose the LuGre model due to its ability to capture important effects such as the Stribeck effect and the Dahl effect. The native 1-d LuGre model is extended to formulate friction computations for non-trivial joint geometries and dynamics in 2 and 3 dimensions. It is also extended to work in the quasi-static regime. Specific applications to revolute, cylindrical and spherical joints in multi-body systems are discussed. Finally, an engineering case study on the effects of joint friction in automotive suspension analysis is presented.

Modelli economici di allocazione delle risorse idriche: l'analisi del mercato cileno dei water rights

2009 ◽  
pp. 37-68
Author(s):  
Chiara Redaelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Tradeable Permits ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Many ◽  
Jel Classifications

Market instruments have been often proposed with the aim of improving the efficient allocation of use rights over natural resources. This article analyzes the potential of market mechanisms in the field of water resources and focuses attention on the experience of Chile, one of the few cases in which water markets have been implemented on a wide scale. Evidence from the Chilean case is discussed in order to verify theoretical hypotheses and to outline the potential benefits but also the many drawbacks of these instruments.Key words: Water policy, water markets, tradeable permits.JEL classifications: Q25, Q58.Parole chiave: Risorse idriche, mercati ambientali, permessi trasferibili.

Overcoming trade logistics challenges: Asia-Pacific experiences

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Shepherd ◽  
Shintaro Hamanaka
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Case Method ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify major challenges that Asia-Pacific policy makers face in drawing up international logistics policies, and to seek possible solutions to the problems. Design/methodology/approach – Case study method: the paper includes seven case studies that attempt to address various types of logistics challenges. The paper introduces both intra- and extra-regional examples of the ways in which those challenges have been overcome in particular contexts through concerted action by government and the private sector. Findings – There are a lot of interesting experiences of overcoming logistics challenges, both inside and outside the Asia-Pacific region. Good practice experiences can be replicated by other countries in the region. Originality/value – While there have been a lot of discussions on logistics policy reforms, this paper is one of the first attempts that clearly link challenges with concrete case experiences where those are overcome. The paper discusses very practical issues in an analytically sound manner, using case method.

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