scholarly journals Evaluation of adaptive low cost solar water pasteurization device for providing safe potable water in rural households

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmin Zaman ◽  
Abu Yousuf ◽  
Anowara Begum ◽  
Md Latiful Bari ◽  
K. S. Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Radiation Emission ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Water Scarce

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a simplified, low cost, pasteurization device in inactivating the diarrheal pathogens present in pond/lake/river water in order to provide safe potable water to people living in the rural areas of low resource countries. In this process, water in polyethylene bags was exposed to sunshine, where UV radiation emissions and heat absorption from the sunshine occurs simultaneously, and maintaining the heating at <60 °C, and minimum UV radiation emissions of 996.2 W/m2 for approximately 30 minutes was found enough to inactivate diarrheal pathogens in water. The synergistic effect of heat, UV radiation emission and holding time causes the destruction of diarrheal pathogens. However, the performance of the device depends on the thickness of the insulation and the air gap between polyethylene bags. Regardless of sample sources, the highest population reduction of Escherichia coli observed in the bacterial challenge study was 6.8 ± 0.4 log CFU/ml. The physicochemical properties were found acceptable compared with USEPA potable water quality except turbidity, which is acceptable according to the BDS standard, and the shelf-life study results demonstrated that 6 months' storage of pasteurization device-treated water at room temperature is possible without compromising water quality. Therefore, this simplified pasteurization device could be useful in potable water-scarce areas of the world.

scholarly journals Assessing the Correlation between Brick Properties and Firing Hours of Locally Produced Clay-burnt Bricks in Taraba State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
E. J Bassah ◽  
W. K. Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Clay Bricks ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The use of burnt-clay bricks is increasing in rural areas because of its availability and low cost. However, the burning of bricks locally at unknown temperatures will likely result in the production of bricks that are unfit for construction purposes. The study assesses the minimum number of days bricks require to attain the minimum stipulated standards for compressive strength and water absorption. The results obtained were compared to the NIS 87: 2000 standards to assess their conformity. From the study results, the mean compressive strength of bricks (1.576 N/mm², 2.306 N/mm², 3.634 N/mm²) at 48, 72 and 96 hours of firing fails to attain the target value of 5N/mm² as stipulated by the NIS building code. However, the mean compressive strength after 120 hours (5.386 N/mm²) attains the stipulated unit value. The water absorption rate displayed similar findings with mean values of 37.12%, 34.2%, 28.88% failing to conform with the stipulated 20% standards. However, the mean of water absorption after 120 hours (21.02%) has no significant difference and hence conforms to the stipulated value. This therefore means that bricks should be burnt far beyond the 120 hours in order to safely conform to 5N/mm² and 20% compressive strength and water absorption respectively.

Recent operational experiences of FILMTEC™ NF270 membrane in Europe

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Majamaa ◽  
Justyna Warczok ◽  
Martti Lehtinen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
The Third ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Operation Results

Nanofiltration (NF) is an attractive technology for potable and industrial water treatment because NF operates between ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. NF is designed to remove a high percentage of organic contaminants (humic acids, pesticides, color bodies) while passing a medium to high percentage of salt. Compared to UF membranes, the NF product water quality is significantly better; compared to comparable RO treatment systems NF systems require lower operating pressures. Due to these features, NF is increasingly used in a broad range of water treatment applications. The general applications include softening, as well as color, organics and micro-organism removal. DOW FILMTEC™ NF270-400 is one the most frequently used elements in water treatment and this paper presents examples of three recent NF270-400 installations in Europe. The first two plants, Eupen and Stembert, are located in Belgium and produce potable water from surface water. The third one is a Scandinavian plant which purifies groundwater for a brewery and soft drink production. The presented operation results prove NF to be a highly competitive technique for low cost water treatment.

scholarly journals Assessment of drinking water suitability in low income rural areas: a case study in Sixaola, Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Mena-Rivera ◽  
José Quirós-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Basic Infrastructure

Abstract Vegas-Las Palmas is a rural settlement located in the southern Caribbean region of Costa Rica on the border with Panama. Its population does not have access to potable water, and inhabitants depend on water from wells at the water table level to meet their needs. These wells lack basic infrastructure to protect this water from contamination. In this study, water quality was evaluated at 12 wells from 2014 to 2016 (n = 72). The results revealed high concentrations of faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli with maximum values of 4.6 × 104 MPN/100 mL and 1.1 × 104 MPN/100 mL, respectively. In addition, maximum values of pH, conductivity, turbidity, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Cd and Pb were found to be outside the standard limits (nationally and internationally) for potable water. Possible sources of water contamination are associated with the geomorphological characteristics of the area, as well as with hydrometeorological and anthropogenic factors such as the lack of sewerage, the presence of latrines, animals near the wells and the use of agrochemicals. The water quality was heterogeneous among wells, and all of them were found to have conditions that caused water to be unfit for human consumption.

MASALAH DAN ALTERNATIF TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR UNTUK MASYARAKAT MISKIN KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Daily Water

Clean water to poor communities who live in crowded municipal area is stillexpensive and a luxury. This condition is evidenced by the number of people whouse ground water for their daily water, because water taps still seems expensivefor them. Diarrheal disease is still relatively high for Indonesia, where nearly 16thousand people suffer from diarrhea due to poor sanitation. To help the poor inthe city, there are several alternative technologies that can be applied to publicaccess to clean water and adequate low-cost, including ground water treatmenttechnology with a filter system equipped with an ultraviolet sterilizer, or ozonegenerators, or using ultrafiltration, if possible can also use the reverse osmosismembrane that for fresh water. Arsinum is the best alternative should be chosenfor fulfilled potable water in slump area.Keywords : Sanitation, water treatment technology, portable water, low-cost, slump area

POTENTIAL EVALUATION OF YELLOW COTTON (COCHLOSPERMUM REGIUM) PIGMENTS FOR DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS APPLICATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
PHITCHAPHORN KHAMMEE ◽  
YUWALEE UNPAPROM ◽  
UBONWAN SUBHASAEN ◽  
RAMESHPRABU RAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Photoelectric Conversion ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Recently, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have concerned significant attention attributable to their material preparation process, architectural and environmental compatibility, also low cost and effective photoelectric conversion efficiency. Therefore, this study aimed to use potential plant materials for DSSC. This research presents the extraction of natural pigments from yellow cotton flowers (Cochlospermum regium). In addition, the natural pigments were revealed that outstanding advantages, including a wide absorption range (visible light), easy extraction method, safe, innocuous pigments, inexpensive, complete biodegradation and ecofriendly. Methanol was used as a solvent extraction for the yellow cotton flower. The chlorophylls and carotenoid pigments extractions were estimated by a UV-visible spectrometer. The chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and carotenoid yield were 0.719±0.061 µg/ml, 1.484±0.107 µg/ml and 7.743±0.141 µg/ml, respectively. Thus, this study results suggested that yellow cotton flowers containing reasonable amounts appealable in the DSSC production.

Impact of geology and anthropogenic activities over the water quality with emphasis on fluoride in water scarce Lalitpur district of Bundelkhand region, India

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 130496
Author(s):  
Neeraj Pant ◽  
Shive Prakash Rai ◽  
Rajesh Singh ◽  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Ravi K. Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Water Scarce

scholarly journals A peep into the state of ground water quality in the district of Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, from a radiological and chemical toxicity perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Durai Ganesh ◽  
G. Senthilkumar ◽  
P. Eswaran ◽  
M. Balakrishnan ◽  
S. N. Bramha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Uranium Concentration ◽  
The State ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Ground Water Quality ◽  
Led Fluorimeter

AbstractUranium concentration in the ground water samples from the district of Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, was measured using an LED fluorimeter. All the samples were qualified as potable water from the radiological perspective. Though some samples showed mild chemical toxicity, they are still safe for ingestion. Different risk coefficients were calculated, and they were compared with recommended safety limits specified by various agencies. Software tools such as QGIS 15, GraphPad Prism 8 and Surfer 15 were employed for developing maps and plots.

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