scholarly journals A PVC-pipe device as a sanitary barrier for improving rainwater quality for drinking purposes in the Brazilian semiarid region

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
José Roberto Santo de Carvalho ◽  
Julio Luz ◽  
Sylvana Melo Santos ◽  
Sávia Gavazza
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Rainwater Quality

Abstract We evaluate the behavior of a device designed to automatically divert and store the first flush of harvested rainwater in cisterns. The first phase (PI) was conducted with artificial precipitation in an experimental installation seeking to identify how many millimeters of rainwater should be diverted to preserve the rainwater quality. In the second phase (PII), we designed a PVC-pipe device to store the first millimeter of rainwater, and tested it in field (a rural area in Brazil) during two real rainfall events. In the third phase (PIII), the device and a hand pump were assayed for two years using eight cisterns in a rural area where people drink the rainwater. PI results indicated that the most significant pollution of the rainwater is flushed with the first millimeter of rain, and diversion promoted the removal of 98% and 100% of the total coliforms and Escherichia coli, respectively. The bacteriological behavior was maintained in the subsequent phases. The device was able to preserve the quality of the rainwater most of the time, satisfying drinking requirements for the parameters of turbidity and color. The satisfactory performance of the device was confirmed in the field, behaving as a sanitary barrier for rainwater quality protection.

The influence of the structure of employees on sensory quality of restaurants' food

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Tešanovic ◽  
Milovan Krasavcic ◽  
Bojana Miro Kalenjuk ◽  
Milijanko Portic ◽  
Snježana Gagic
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Practical Evaluation ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to determine the sensory quality of food in restaurants by professional food evaluators and to research the impact of education, age and number of employees on the quality of food. Design/methodology/approach – In the first phase five trained food tasters evaluated the sensory quality of food. In the second phase, the analysis of the structure of employees was done by establishing their level of education, age and number of employees. In the third phase the regression and correlation analysis was done with the aim to establish the impact of the level of education, age and number of employees on the sensory quality of food. Findings – The sensory evaluation has shown that the evaluated food is of moderate quality. Correlation matrix has shown that the education level of employees has a high impact on the sensory quality of food. There is a correlation between the number of employees, their age and their education. Practical implications – Obtained results are the indicators of the quality of food in restaurants in the region and they can serve for the improvement of quality. They have shown that education and staff training can contribute to a better quality of food. Established methodology can also contribute to the practical evaluation of quality. Originality/value – This paper is reflected on the specific application of methodology of the sensory analysis of food in restaurants. The paper pointed to the impact of employees on the sensory quality of food by statistical methods. Statistical results which point to the great impact of the level of education of employees on the sensory quality of food in restaurants are particularly valuable.

Water quality of small ruminant production systems in the Brazilian semiarid region

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Samires Martins Castro ◽  
Angela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽  
Raquel Oliveira dos Santos Fontenelle ◽  
Murilo Sérgio da Silva Julião ◽  
Ana Thaís Lira Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

scholarly journals Indicators to assess goat welfare on-farm in the semiarid region of Brazilian Northeast

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Oliveira Leite ◽  
Fabiana de Orte Stamm ◽  
Rita de Cassia Maria Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Meat Goat ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT: In 2015, AWIN Goat Protocol was published in Europe, with indicators that identify welfare level of lactating dairy goats; however, there are no welfare protocols for meat goat. Therefore, the objective of this study was to select animal and resource-based indicators to assess welfare in meat goat in different types of grazing systems in Brazilian semiarid Northeast. Eighteen indicators were selected to evaluate the welfare of meat goat. The knowledge of the welfare degree of these animals is the best way to make improvements and promote a better quality of life to meat goat.

scholarly journals The introduced snail Melanoides Tuberculatus (Muller, 1774) (Mollusca: Thiaridae) in aquatic ecosystems of the Brazilian Semiarid Northeast (Piranhas-Assu River basin, State of Rio Grande do Norte)

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM. Santos ◽  
EM. Eskinazi-Sant'Anna
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
East African ◽  
African Species ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Potential Impact

Records of the gastropod Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774), family Thiaridae, in the Piranhas-Assu River basin in Rio Grande do Norte reveal the dispersal of this native Southeast Asian and East African species into aquatic environments of the Brazilian semiarid region, including artificial environments (reservoirs) and lotic systems. The eutrophic conditions of the local waterbodies appear to favor the present situation, where this invasive species reaches extremely high densities, sometimes over 10,000 ind.m-2 as in Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir. These observations indicate the immediate need for new studies on the spatial distribution of the species and its potential impact on the biodiversity and water quality of the waterbodies of the semiarid region of the state. Implantation of regular and systematic monitoring of the aquatic resources of the region is urgently required.

scholarly journals Memory Properties in Cloud‐Resolving Simulations of the Diurnal Cycle of Deep Convection.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chimene Laure Daleu
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Sensitivity Experiments ◽  
Third Phase

<p>A series of high‐resolution three‐dimensional simulations of the diurnal cycle of deep convection over land are performed using the new Met Office NERC cloud‐resolving model. This study features scattered convection. A memory function is defined to identify the effects of previous convection in modifying current convection. It is based on the probability of finding rain at time <em>t</em><sub>0</sub> and at an earlier time <em>t</em><sub>0</sub>−Δ<em>t</em> compared to the expected probability given no memory. The memory is examined as a function of the lag time Δ<em>t</em>. It is strongest at gray‐zone scales of 4–10 km, there is a change of behavior for spatial scales between 10 and 15 km, and it is reduced substantially for spatial scales larger than 25 km. At gray‐zone scales, there is a first phase of the memory function which represents the persistence of convection and it is maintained for about an hour. There is a second phase which represents the suppression of convection in regions which were raining 1 to 3 hr previously, and subsequently a third phase which represents a secondary enhancement of precipitation. The second and third phases of the memory function develop earlier for weaker forcing. When thermodynamic fluctuations resulting from the previous day are allowed to influence the development of convection on the next day, there are fewer rainfall events with relatively large sizes, which are more intense, and thus decay and recover more slowly, in comparison to the simulations where feedback from previous days is removed. Further sensitivity experiments reveal that convective memory attributed to these thermodynamic fluctuations resides in the lower troposphere.</p>

scholarly journals Extraction of Texture Features from Panchromatic Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7598-7603
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Phase Image ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Ultimate Purpose

A Framework for Delineation of Trees is used to detect the trees of the urban area and it is a desirable framework in urban are management. Delineation and detection of trees from satellite images is important for the estimation of the trees of the urban and rural area. In existing literature, most of the studies only deal with particular tree crown or tree species detection. There is no particular framework for detecting major tree species of urban area collectively from visually distinguishable satellite images and also there is a major problem of distinguishing trees from their shadows. In this paper we used the texture-based feature extraction methods and proposed new algorithms to extract simple texture features from the panchromatic images. The proposed methodology is divided into three phases. Pre-processing was done in first phase to minimize the unnecessary deformations. Quality of Image is increased by eliminating the dark spots and shadows etc. in second phase image segmentation was done to identify the image boundaries and objects in the image. Finally, in the third phase, a framework for delineation of trees was done using image enhancement and segmentation algorithms. The ultimate purpose that the knowledge obtained from the study is to developing a framework that can process shadows and then effectively detect and extract trees from satellite images

scholarly journals Effect of planting date on postharvest quality of roots of different carrot cultivars grown in the Brazilian semiarid region

Revista CERES ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-364
Author(s):  
Victor Emmanuel de Vasconcelos Gomes ◽  
Núbia Marisa Ferreira ◽  
Leilson Costa Grangeiro ◽  
Rodolfo Rodrigo de Almeida Lacerda ◽  
Antonio Fabrício de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planting Date ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of Water Management and Rainfall Seasonality on Water Quality and Intestinal Parasitism in Rural Northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pessoa Dias ◽  
Deiviane Calegar ◽  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar ◽  
Caroline Ferraz Ignacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

Introduction. The drought in the Brazilian semiarid region has affected the quality of water. This study assessed the relationships between enteric parasitoses, water management, and water quality, correlating them with pluviometric seasonality.Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in four rural communities at the beginning of the dry season (n=151), at the end of the dry season (n=184), and in the rainy season (n=199), in order to collect sociodemographic data, human fecal samples, and samples of the water used for human consumption for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In 2015, water filters were provided to 30 households under study.Results. There was an increasing trend in detection rates of commensal protozoa and theEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba disparcomplex at the beginning of the rainy season, with detection rates of 6% in 2014 and 21.6% in 2016.Giardia intestinalisandAscaris lumbricoidespresented distinct temporal distributions, which peaked in 2015: 20.1% and 30%, respectively. The proportion of inhabitants drinking inadequate water was 55% at the beginning of the dry season and 28.8% at the end of the dry season, reaching 70.9% at the beginning of the rainy season. The presence of filters reduced this proportion among those who received the hollow ceramic candle filter.Conclusions. Data suggest that the strategies to increase water supply in the Brazilian semiarid region can be ameliorated in order to improve the quality of drinking water.

scholarly journals A New Methodology for Improving Service Quality Measurement: Delphi-FUCOM-SERVQUAL Model

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Živko Erceg ◽  
Željko Stević ◽  
Ilija Tanackov ◽  
Marko Vasiljević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

The daily requirements and needs imposed on the executors of logistics services imply the need for a higher level of quality. In this, the proper execution of all sustainability processes and activities plays an important role. In this paper, a new methodology for improving the measurement of the quality of the service consisting of three phases has been developed. The first phase is the application of the Delphi method to determine the quality dimension ranking. After that, in the second phase, using the FUCOM (full consistency method), we determined the weight coefficients of the quality dimensions. The third phase represents determining the level of quality using the SERVQUAL (service quality) model, or the difference between the established gaps. The new methodology considers the assessment of the quality dimensions of a large number of participants (customers), on the one hand, and experts’ assessments on the other hand. The methodology was verified through the research carried out in an express post company. After processing and analyzing the collected data, the Cronbach alpha coefficient for each dimension of the SERVQUAL model for determining the reliability of the response was calculated. To determine the validity of the results and the developed methodology, an extensive statistical analysis (ANOVA, Duncan, Signum, and chi square tests) was carried out. The integration of certain methods and models into the new methodology has demonstrated greater objectivity and more precise results in determining the level of quality of sustainability processes and activities.

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