Comparison study of rainwater quality of an arid and a semiarid region

2012 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
T Rashid ◽  
A Al-Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Rainwater Quality

scholarly journals A PVC-pipe device as a sanitary barrier for improving rainwater quality for drinking purposes in the Brazilian semiarid region

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
José Roberto Santo de Carvalho ◽  
Julio Luz ◽  
Sylvana Melo Santos ◽  
Sávia Gavazza
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Rainwater Quality

Abstract We evaluate the behavior of a device designed to automatically divert and store the first flush of harvested rainwater in cisterns. The first phase (PI) was conducted with artificial precipitation in an experimental installation seeking to identify how many millimeters of rainwater should be diverted to preserve the rainwater quality. In the second phase (PII), we designed a PVC-pipe device to store the first millimeter of rainwater, and tested it in field (a rural area in Brazil) during two real rainfall events. In the third phase (PIII), the device and a hand pump were assayed for two years using eight cisterns in a rural area where people drink the rainwater. PI results indicated that the most significant pollution of the rainwater is flushed with the first millimeter of rain, and diversion promoted the removal of 98% and 100% of the total coliforms and Escherichia coli, respectively. The bacteriological behavior was maintained in the subsequent phases. The device was able to preserve the quality of the rainwater most of the time, satisfying drinking requirements for the parameters of turbidity and color. The satisfactory performance of the device was confirmed in the field, behaving as a sanitary barrier for rainwater quality protection.

Spiral gradient echo versus cartesian turbo spin echo imaging for sagittal contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted spine MRI: an inter-individual comparison study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Sartoretti ◽  
Sabine Sartoretti-Schefer ◽  
Luuk van Smoorenburg ◽  
Barbara Eichenberger ◽  
Árpád Schwenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spin Echo ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Turbo Spin Echo ◽  
Gradient Echo ◽  
Turbo Spin ◽  
Individual Comparison ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Spine Mri ◽  
Lesion Conspicuity

Objectives: To compare a novel 3D spiral gradient echo (GRE) sequence with a conventional 2D cartesian turbo spin echo (TSE) sequence for sagittal contrast-enhanced (CE) fat-suppressed (FS) T1 weighted (T1W) spine MRI. Methods: In this inter-individual comparison study, 128 patients prospectively underwent sagittal CE FS T1W spine MRI with either a 2D cartesian TSE (“TSE”, 285 s, 64 patients) or a 3D spiral GRE sequence (“Spiral”, 93 s, 64 patients). Between both groups, patients were matched in terms of anatomical region (cervical/thoracic/lumbar spine and sacrum). Three readers used 4-point Likert scales to assess images qualitatively in terms of overall image quality, presence of artifacts, spinal cord visualization, lesion conspicuity and quality of fat suppression. Results: Spiral achieved a 67.4% scan time reduction compared to TSE. Interreader agreement was high (alpha=0.868-1). Overall image quality (4;[3,4] vs 3;[3,4], p<0.001 – p=0.002 for all readers), presence of artifacts (4;[3,4] vs 3;[3,4] p=0.027 – p=0.046 for all readers), spinal cord visualization (4;[4,4] vs 4;[3,4], p<0.001 for all readers), lesion conspicuity (4;[4,4] vs 4;[4,4], p=0.016 for all readers) and quality of fat suppression (4;[4,4] vs 4;[4,4], p=0.027 – p=0.033 for all readers), were all deemed significantly improved by all three readers on Spiral images as compared to TSE images Conclusion: We demonstrate the feasibility of a novel 3D spiral GRE sequence for improved and rapid sagittal CE FS T1W spine MRI. Advances in knowledge: A 3D spiral GRE sequence allows for improved sagittal CE FS T1W spine MRI at very short scan times.

Water quality of small ruminant production systems in the Brazilian semiarid region

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Samires Martins Castro ◽  
Angela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽  
Raquel Oliveira dos Santos Fontenelle ◽  
Murilo Sérgio da Silva Julião ◽  
Ana Thaís Lira Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

Determining the features influencing physical quality of calcareous soils in a semiarid region of Iran using a hybrid PSO-DT algorithm

Geoderma ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 259-260 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shirani ◽  
M. Habibi ◽  
A.A. Besalatpour ◽  
I. Esfandiarpour
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Physical Quality

scholarly journals Effect of Qigong on quality of life: a cross-sectional population-based comparison study in Taiwan

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Jung Ho ◽  
David C Christiani ◽  
Tso-Chiang Ma ◽  
Tsong-Rong Jang ◽  
Chih-Hui Lieng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals An Open-Label, Head to Head Comparison Study between Prucalopride and Lactulose for Clozapine Induced Constipation in Patients with Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Ishwary Damodaran ◽  
Koh Ong Hui ◽  
Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin ◽  
Anne Yee ◽  
Jesjeet Singh Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bowel Movement ◽  
P Value ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Common

Clozapine remains as the gold standard for the management of treatment resistant schizophrenia. Nevertheless, mortality and morbidity associated with Clozapine is partly contributed by its adverse effect of constipation in view of its prominent anticholinergic properties. Despite the evidence that approximately 60% of patients on Clozapine will experience constipation, there is no proper guideline as to the best laxative in the treatment of Clozapine induced constipation. Hence this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Prucalopride and Lactulose in the treatment of Clozapine induced constipation. This was a four week, prospective, open-label head to head comparison study between Prucalopride and Lactulose in the treatment of Clozapine induced constipation. Male and female patients on Clozapine between the age of 18–60 with an established diagnosis of treatment resistant schizophrenia with ≤2 spontaneous complete bowel movement per week were recruited in this study. Eligible patients were assigned into two groups. Patients received Prucalopride 2 mg once daily or Lactulose 10 g once daily for four weeks. Efficacy was analyzed in 58 patients. The proportion of patient with ≥3 spontaneous complete bowel movement (SCBM) was higher in the Prucalopride 2 mg group, reaching significance at Week 4 with p-value of (p = 0.029). The proportion of patient with ≥3 SCBM at Week 1 was 71.4% in the Prucalopride 2 mg group and 60% in the Lactulose 10 g group. The proportion of patient with ≥3 SCBM at Week 4 was 85.7% in the Prucalopride 2 mg group and the proportion remained at 60% in the Lactulose 10 g group. The improvement in the dissatisfaction and treatment satisfaction subscales of the patient assessment of constipation—quality of life (PAC-QOL) were higher in the Prucalopride 2 mg group compared to the Lactulose 10 g group. The common adverse events associated with Prucalopride 2 mg were abdominal pain and loose stools which was transient and subsided within a few days. Over four weeks, in this population of patients with Clozapine induced constipation, Prucalopride 2 mg significantly improved the bowel movement and it was safe.

scholarly journals Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus and Quality of Raw Milk from Dairy Cows in a Semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata De Moraes Peixoto Araújo ◽  
Rodolfo De Moraes Peixoto ◽  
Luciana Jatobá e Silva Peixoto ◽  
Gisele Veneroni Gouveia ◽  
Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Milk quality is considered unsatisfactory in Brazil due to factors of a social, economic, cultural, and climatic nature. Mastitis is the main disease that affects dairy herds. Microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus are the most frequently isolated pathogens in cases of mastitis in bovines. Staphylococcus aureus requires more attention because they have the ability to develop resistance to antimicrobials used in the treatment of mastitis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate virulence factors in isolates of S. aureus as well as analyze the hygienic-sanitary quality of raw milk produced on dairy farms in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil.Material, Methods & Results: Samples were taken from milk containers at 44 properties. Fifty-eight isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were analyzed and genotypically identified as S. aureus. In the phenotypic characterization, 56.8% (33/58) of the isolates demonstrated moderate biofilm production. In the genotypic characterization (icaA, icaD and bap genes), icaA was the most representative among the isolates. No resistance to cephalothin or oxacillin was found, but 62% (36/58) of the isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin. In the genotypic evaluation in response to β-lactam antibiotics, 50% (29/58) of the isolates exhibited the blaZ gene. Total bacterial counts were determined based on the standard plate count and flow cytometry, for which a significant positive correlation was found (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). The somatic cell count was also performed using flow cytometry and demonstrated that 6.8% (3/44) of the properties had values above one million cells per mL. The analysis of Staphylococcus spp. revealed that 20% (9/44) of the properties had significant counts for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins. Regarding total coliforms, 56.8% (25/44) of the milk analyzed had counts above 1.0 x 103 CFUs/mL. There were no cases of the isolation of Pseudomonas spp. Streptococcus spp. was isolated on 6.8% (3/44) of the properties. The results of the sequencing revealed one isolate to be Lactococcus lactis and two to be Enterococcus spp.Discussion: None of the 58 isolates of S. aureus was classified as negative in the phenotypic characterization of biofilmforming capacity, which suggests the presence of genes involved in this process. Studies have shown that the molecular techniques used to identify ica genes encoding biofilm synthesis are very important for the identification of virulent strains. The isolates demonstrated resistance to β-lactam antibiotics of the class of penicillins, which are the most widely employed antimicrobial agents for the treatment of diseases in dairy herds. The presence of the blaZ gene in 50% of the isolates is in agreement with data reported in other studies developed in northeastern Brazil. In 50% (29/58) of the isolates, the presence of the blaZ gene was not observed. Of these, (8/29) were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and penicillin. This is due to the existence of other bacterial mechanisms. Research has shown that some isolates possessed three mechanisms (blaZ, mecA and msrA) of antimicrobial resistance simultaneously. The results of the quality analyses demonstrate that some properties produce milk of low quality, which underscores the need for management strategies directed at reducing the contamination of the product.

scholarly journals Quality of papaya hybrid grown under different irrigation depths

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica S. da Silva ◽  
Alberto S. de Melo ◽  
Juarez P. Pedroza ◽  
Josivanda P. Gomes ◽  
Sebastião de Oliveira M. Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Longitudinal Diameter

Irrigation is a practice widely used in fruit production in the Brazilian Northeast region, including in the papaya crop in order to increase their productivity. For the purpose of knowing the productive potential of papaya hybrid irrigated, an experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of a papaya hybrid under different irrigations depths. Four irrigation depths (50, 75, 100 and 125% of ETo) were tested and the reference evapotranspiration was calculated by the Penman-Monteith model. The hybrid papaya used was UENF/Caliman 01, which was planted in single rows, spaced 4 x 2m from each other, and irrigated by dripping. The experimental design in randomized blocks was used with six replications and three plants per plot. The following variables were evaluated: transversal diameter, longitudinal diameter, pulp thickness, external and internal appearances, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pulp pH and soluble solids/titratable acidity relation. The higher transversal and longitudinal diameters of the fruit were obtained applying an irrigation depth of about 108% of evapotranspiration. The UENF/Caliman 01 hybrid can be cultivated in the semiarid region of the State of Paraiba, Brazil, with replacement rate of 100% ETo, without compromising the quality of the fruits.

scholarly journals Indicators to assess goat welfare on-farm in the semiarid region of Brazilian Northeast

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Oliveira Leite ◽  
Fabiana de Orte Stamm ◽  
Rita de Cassia Maria Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Meat Goat ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT: In 2015, AWIN Goat Protocol was published in Europe, with indicators that identify welfare level of lactating dairy goats; however, there are no welfare protocols for meat goat. Therefore, the objective of this study was to select animal and resource-based indicators to assess welfare in meat goat in different types of grazing systems in Brazilian semiarid Northeast. Eighteen indicators were selected to evaluate the welfare of meat goat. The knowledge of the welfare degree of these animals is the best way to make improvements and promote a better quality of life to meat goat.

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