scholarly journals Access to drinking water: time matters

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cassivi ◽  
R. Johnston ◽  
E. O. D. Waygood ◽  
C. C. Dorea
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Water Point ◽  
Time Component ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Collection Time

Abstract Despite the reported achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) with respect to drinking water, lack of access to water remains widespread worldwide. The indicator used there to measure access to water in the MDGs refers to the use of an improved water source. However, the amount of time spent in collecting water is high in countries where access to drinking water supplies located on premises is not common. 26.3% of the world's population did not have such access in 2015. Thus the need to travel to a water point, possibly queue, fill water containers, and carry them home is prevalent. The amount of time and effort used in water collection can be considerable, and household surveys increasingly provide data on collection time. This study aims to demonstrate the effect of adding a 30-minute collection time component to monitor access to drinking water. This study draws on household surveys from 17 countries to highlight the widespread burden of fetching water and its significant impact on estimates of coverage. The proportion of the population with access decreased by 13% on average for these 17 countries when collection time was added as a consideration.

Water and Sanitation

2015 ◽  
pp. 153-171
Author(s):  
Abdi D. Osman ◽  
Priscilla Robinson ◽  
Vivian Lin ◽  
Darryl Jackson ◽  
Mutuku Mwanthi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Vital Resource

Globally, the provision of clean and safe drinking water to most populations has been an elusive development goal though some of us take the availability of this vital resource for granted. Millennium Development Goals (MDG) target 7.C is the target, which addresses sustainability and access to water, among other developmental goals. As the preceding targets appear elusive, Kenya is now refocussing on Vision 2030. It is important to identify reasons for this to avoid a repetition during the next fifteen years. In order to discover the factors hampering these achievements, all possible contributing factors need to be investigated and the focus of this chapter is the Kenya national legislation and policies. Based on the findings, we recommend a reassessment of policies on groundwater management, reconsideration of ideal universal goals and political commitment by state and organisational accountability to identify better strategies for achieving internationally identified standards and goals.

scholarly journals Does self-reported water collection time differ from observed water collection time? Evidence from the Upper West Region of Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
Alfred Dongzagla ◽  
Abraham Marshall Nunbogu ◽  
Nicholas Fielmua
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Round Trip ◽  
Key Indicator ◽  
West Region ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Generous Support ◽  
Collection Time

Abstract Water collection time is a key indicator in tracking access to drinking water. Over the years, water surveillance agencies have relied on water collectors for information on water collection time to measure progress of water supply. However, emerging evidence shows that water collection times reported by water collectors in developing countries are often imprecise. To contribute to knowledge about the validity or otherwise of self-reported water collection times, this study explored the association between self-reported water collection times and observed water collection times in the Upper West Region of Ghana. Data on water collection times were gathered from 412 water collectors in Daffiama-Issa-Bussie District and Lawra Municipality, first through interviews, and second by observation. From the results, self-reported water collection times were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than observed water collection times. The average round-trip water collection time reported by water collectors (32 minutes) was 8 minutes lower than observed water collection times (40 minutes). This implies that existing statistics on basic water coverage that are largely based on self-reported water collection times are overestimated. Going forward, we call on water surveillance agencies to collect data on water collection times through observation. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

Semantics of Success or Pragmatics of Progress?

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Anand
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Global Target ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Institutional Mapping

Definitions and indicators play an important role in determining success. In the context of the Millennium Development Goals, the global target of reducing the proportion of population without access to improved sources of water is expected to be met. A major contributor to success is India, where the proportion of population with access to water has increased from 68% in 1990 to 86% in 2002. However, micro-level evidence does not necessarily tally with the national picture of “tremendous progress.” This article attempts to probe deeper into access to water supply in India and draw important policy implications based on a brief institutional mapping of water supply, a critical analysis of national water policies, and a detailed case study of Chennai. This analysis highlights that issues of inequality, quality, and affordability are important in terms of access for the poor. An alternative entitlements-based indicator is proposed and some important challenges considered.

Access to potable water and sanitation in Cameroon within the context of Millennium Development Goals (MDGS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1317-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ako Ako ◽  
Jun Shimada ◽  
Gloria Eneke Takem Eyong ◽  
Wilson Yetoh Fantong
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Development Goals

Cameroon has been fully engaged with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) since their inception in 2000. This paper examines the situation of access to potable water and sanitation in Cameroon within the context of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), establishes whether Cameroon is on the track of meeting the MDGs in these domains and proposes actions to be taken to bring it closer to these objectives. Based on analyzed data obtained from national surveys, government ministries, national statistical offices, bibliographic research, reports and interviews, it argues that Cameroon will not reach the water and sanitation MGDs. While Cameroon is not yet on track to meet the targets of the MDGs for water and sanitation, it has made notable progress since 1990, much more needs to be done to improve the situation, especially in rural areas. In 2006, 70% of the population had access to safe drinking water and the coverage in urban centres is 88%, significantly better than the 47% in rural areas. However, rapid urbanization has rendered existing infrastructure inadequate with periurban dwellers also lacking access to safe drinking water. Sanitation coverage is also poor. In urban areas only 58% of the population has access to improved sanitation facilities, and the rate in rural areas is 42%. Women and girls shoulder the largest burden in collecting water, 15% of urban and 18% rural populations use improved drinking water sources over 30 minutes away. Cameroon faces the following challenges in reaching the water and sanitation MDGs: poor management and development of the resources, coupled with inadequate political will and commitment for the long term; rapid urbanization; urban and rural poverty and regulation and legislative lapses. The authors propose that: bridging the gap between national water policies and water services; recognizing the role played by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in the attainment of MDGs; developing a Council Water Resource Management Policy and Strategy (CWARMPS); organizing an institutional framework for the water and sanitation sector as well as completion and implementation of an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) plan, would bring Cameroon closer to the water and sanitation MDGs.

WATER SUPPLY VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS

2007 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
WIJANTO HADIPURO
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods ◽  
Policy Intervention ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Basic Human Needs

All the United Nations' members have already committed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to reduce by half the proportion of 1.1 billion people without sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015. The problem is that with all the limiting capacities, which half should be prioritized and what kind of policy intervention can be used to achieve the goal. This paper proposes a methodology on water supply vulnerability assessment, specifically for meeting basic human needs. Based on the impacts to the five assets owned by a certain household and the causes of the lack of access, the policy intervention can be tailored made as to what problems the community faces. Hopefully the method can be used by multilateral donors or agencies and all levels of government to focus on a certain community or area that should be prioritized to meet the MDG target.

scholarly journals Who is being left behind? An analysis of improved drinking water and basic sanitation access in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin A. Grady ◽  
Kien Van Nguyen ◽  
Thai Van Nguyen ◽  
Ernest R. Blatchley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Basic Sanitation ◽  
Development Programming ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals

Abstract The global community has made tremendous strides in providing access to water and sanitation in recent decades. Driven by the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, which sought to halve the proportion of the global population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation, billions of people now have access to these basic human rights. As the global community works to implement the next generation of development goals, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is critical to determine how unserved populations can be reached. To investigate indicators of water and sanitation access, surveys were conducted among 300 households in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Households with and without access to improved water or basic sanitation were identified and data from these surveys were subjected to multiple regression analyses to identify household characteristics that correlate with access. It was found that for households without access to either water or sanitation, three variables were statistically significant predictors of access: distance to local government, household floor material, and the gender of the household water manager. Predictors of access to water and sanitation were evaluated separately. This integrated water and sanitation case study draws several implications for this next phase of SDG development programming.

scholarly journals Cartographie De L’évolution Démographique Et Atteinte De L’objectif Du Développement Durable Dans Le Secteur De L’eau Dans Le Hollidjé Au Sud- Est Du Bénin

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Rachade O.A. Djinadou ◽  
Léon Baní Bio Bigou ◽  
Azaria Oladjide ◽  
Armand Vodounou
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Demographic Projection ◽  
Développement Durable ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Face ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Demographic Evolution ◽  
Made In

At the end of the Millennium Development Goals in 2015, the issue of access to water has not been fully addressed in developing countries in the face of increasing population. In Benin, despite the efforts made in this sector, rural populations are still faced with difficulties in accessing drinking water. This study aims to contribute to a better cartographic knowledge of the demographic evolution and its implications on the access to drinking water in Hollidjé. The study was carried out in 33 Holli villages in the municipalities of Pobè and Adja-Ouèrè. The censuses of 1979-1992-2002 and 2013 and the base of the water points of the Directorate General of Water of 2015 were used. These data have been processed using SPSS software 23, DEMProj for demographic projection by 2030 and ArcGis 10.1 for data spatialization and mapping. The study shows that Hollidjé is growing at a rate of 6.6% a year, double the national increase (3.50%). With a density of more than 200hbts / km², this territory has a low drinking water supply rate (minus 40% in 2013). By 2030, the Hollidjè population will double. Thus, the equivalent drinking water requirement will be 500 water points. At this pace, the objectives of sustainable development related to drinking water and sanitation may not be achieved if sectoral policies are not implemented.

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