Effectiveness of solar disinfection (SODIS) in rural coastal Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Atikul Islam ◽  
Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md. Ali Akber ◽  
Masudur Rahman ◽  
Indrojit Sadhu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Solar Disinfection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Water Supply

Scarcity of drinking water in the coastal area of Bangladesh compels the inhabitants to be highly dependent on alternative water supply options like rainwater harvesting system (RWHS), pond sand filter (PSF), and rain-feed ponds. Susceptibility of these alternative water supply options to microbial contamination demands a low-cost water treatment technology. This study evaluates the effectiveness of solar disinfection (SODIS) to treat drinking water from available sources in the southwest coastal area of Bangladesh. A total of 50 households from Dacope upazila in Khulna district were selected to investigate the performance of SODIS. Data were collected in two rounds to examine fecal coliform (FC) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination of drinking water at the household water storage containers and SODIS bottles, and thereby determined the effectiveness of SODIS in reducing fecal contamination. All water samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity and salinity. SODIS significantly reduced FC and E. coli contamination under household conditions. The median health risk reduction by SODIS was more than 96 and 90% for pond and RWHS, respectively. Besides, turbidity of the treated water was found to be less than 5 NTU, except pond water. Only 34% of the participating households routinely adopted SODIS during the study.

Selection and evaluation of a new concept of water supply for “IJburg” Amsterdam

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. van der Hoek ◽  
B. J. Dijkman ◽  
G. J. Terpstra ◽  
M. J. Uitzinger ◽  
M. R. B. van Dillen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Toilet Flushing ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Water Supply

The city of Amsterdam is going to build a new housing estate: IJburg. About 18,000 houses will be built and finally 45,000 people will live in IJburg. An important objective is to realize a sustainable housing estate: the design is focused on water and energy saving, and the use of sustainable building materials. An alternative water supply system, in which household water is used besides drinking water, may be an important contribution to this ambition. Household water can be used for toilet flushing, for washing clothes or for both. Amsterdam Water Supply developed five scenarios for such an alternative water supply system. Water saving and supply of two types of water are key elements in these scenarios. Based on a comprehensive selection in which public health aspects, technical feasibility, legislation, acceptance by the public, costs and environmental impact were used as criteria, the optimum scenario was chosen: a dual water system, supplying drinking water from the existing drinking water production plants, and supplying household water for toilet flushing and washing, produced from a local surface water, the IJ-lake.

scholarly journals AKUISISI DATA SUMBERDAYA AIR TANAH DI DAERAH SUKODONO KABUPATEN PACITAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Very High ◽  
Alternative Water Supply

The need of water for human life is very high, especially to meet a demand of water supply, such as for drinking water, washing, taking a bath, and etc. Unfortunately, the availability of surface water at an area is sometimes not enough to comply with a request of pure water, as happened in the Sukodono area. Hence, to avoid the problem, we focus at the ground water sources as alternative water supply. In this paper will be discussed exploration of ground water that is accomplished with imaging resistivity technology to find out characteristic and condition of ground water in Sukodono, Pacitan district, EastJavaProvince. Based on the result of survey in field and interpretation, the existence of aquifer in Sukodono area is occupied between 5 – 40 meter depth. Key words : ground water, imaging resistivity, desa Sukodono

An alternative water supply for chilean coastal desert villages

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Cereceda ◽  
Robert S. Schemenauer ◽  
Marcela Suit
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Coastal Desert ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Water Supply

PERENCANAAN PEMANFAATAN SISTEM PEMANENAN AIR HUJAN (PAH) DALAM MENDUKUNG PENERAPAN ECODRAIN DI KAMPUS B UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Fauziah Ismahyanti ◽  
Rosmawita Saleh ◽  
Arris Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Balance Method ◽  
Rainwater Runoff ◽  
Alternative Water

This research is done to plan rainwater harvesting so that it can be used as an alternative water source on the campus B UNJ so it is expected to reduce groundwater use that can cause a puddle. The method used in the PAH development plan is a water balance method. This method compares the level of demand with water volume that can be accommodated or the availability of water (supply). Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the potential for rainwater in the FIO office building A was 1773.95 m3 , FMIPA building B was 1904.62 m3 , the FIO lecture building C was 1613.21 m3 and the Ulul Albab mosque was 512.16 m3 . Potential rainwater obtained cistern PAH capacity of 200 m3 by saving water needs by 30% in building A FIO, building B FMIPA, and building C FIO. The capacity of the PAH cistern is 80 m3 by saving the water needs of the Ulul Albab mosque by 13.3%. Placement of the PAH cistern under the ground with a ground water system. Ecodrainage application by utilizing the PAH system can reduce drainage load by 0.158 m3 /second or 13.9% from rainwater runoff.

scholarly journals Rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling as alternative water resources: a survey of public opinion

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stec
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Sources

This paper reports results from a survey of households in Poland concerning the use of alternative sources of water. Research showed that respondents were not too inclined to replace water from the water supply with greywater and rainwater. They would be afraid of using both greywater (79%) and rainwater (60%) in their household. The biggest concern was the use of alternative sources of water for doing laundry - more than 50% of respondents identified this issue in both cases. Only 43% of respondents would like to install a greywater recycling system and much more -78% a rainwater harvesting system. For the vast majority of respondents (80%) a subsidy would be an incentive for using these systems in their household.

Rainwater harvesting solar pasteurization treatment systems for the provision of an alternative water source in peri-urban informal settlements

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Reyneke ◽  
Thomas Eugene Cloete ◽  
Sehaam Khan ◽  
Wesaal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Urban Informal Settlements ◽  
Alternative Water

Solar pasteurization systems are able to reduce microbial contamination in rainwater to within drinking water guidelines and thereby provide households in informal settlements and rural areas with an alternative water source.

A novel low-cost multi-barrier system for drinking water treatment in rural and suburban areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Siwila ◽  
Isobel C. Brink
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Granular Media ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Novel Concept

Abstract A low-cost multi-barrier drinking water system incorporating geotextile fabric for pre-filtration, silver-coated ceramic granular media (SCCGM) for filtration and disinfection, granular activated carbon (GAC) as an adsorption media and a safe storage compartment for treated water has been developed and tested. The developed system offers a novel concept of point-of-use drinking water treatment in rural and suburban areas of developing countries. The system is primarily aimed at bacterial and aesthetic improvement and has been optimised to produce >99.99% E. coli and fecal coliforms removal. Although particular emphasis was placed on the elimination of bacteria, improvement of the acceptability aspects of water was also given high priority so that users are not motivated to use more appealing but potentially unsafe sources. This paper discusses key system features and contaminant removal performance. A system using SCCGM only was also tested alongside the multi-barrier system. Strengths and weaknesses of the system are also presented. Both the developed and SCCGM-only systems consistently provided >99.99% E. coli and fecal coliforms removal at an optimum flow of 2 L/h. The developed system significantly recorded improvements of aesthetic aspects (turbidity, color, taste and odor). Average turbidity removals were 99.2% and 90.2% by the multi-barrier and SCCGM-only systems respectively.

scholarly journals Possible health impacts due to animal and human fecal pollution in water intended for drinking water supply of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Kayo Bianco ◽  
Rodolpho Mattos Albano ◽  
Samara Sant'Anna de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Alves Nascimento ◽  
Thaís dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Fecal Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cycling Condition

Abstract Fecal matter is considered as one of the worst pollutants in waterbodies due to the potential spread of waterborne diseases. This study aimed to determine the host-specific fecal contamination in two Brazilian watersheds and to predict the possible impacts on human health. Fecal sources were enumerated using host-specific genetic markers to swine (16S rRNA), human and bovine (archaeal nifH), and equine (archaeal mcrA). A single cycling condition was established for four markers aiming to decrease the analysis time. Fifteen samples from São João watershed (75%) and 25 from Guandu (62.5%) presenting Escherichia coli enumeration in compliance with Brazilian guidelines (<1,000 MPN/100 mL) showed the human marker. Furthermore, the bovine, swine, and equine markers were present in 92% (59/64), 89% (57/64), and 81% (52/64) of the water samples, respectively. The molecular markers proposed for qPCR in our study were sensitivity and specific enough to detect host-specific fecal pollution in all samples regardless of E. coli levels reaffirming the low correlation among them and supporting their use in water quality monitoring programs. To our knowledge, this is the first study using this approach for quantification of nifH, mcrA, and rrs gene-associated human and animal fecal pollution in waters intended for drinking water supply in Brazil.

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