Health risks associated with drinking water in a context of climate change in France: a review of surveillance requirements

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 230-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Beaudeau ◽  
Mathilde Pascal ◽  
Damien Mouly ◽  
Catherine Galey ◽  
Olivier Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
By Products

It is widely recognized that climate change will impact upon human health in a variety of ways. Assessing these impacts and identifying adaptation opportunities requires appropriate monitoring. To identify the need for reinforced surveillance in metropolitan France, we defined a conceptual framework of how climate change could impact upon health risks in relation to drinking water. Three types of climate change-related impacts were identified: changes in raw water quality, changes in water treatment processes and changes in human determinants of exposure in relation to consumers' behaviour. This framework was applied to existing risks and exposure situations in France. An increase in the health burden attributable to drinking water intake is expected due to increased exposure to faecal pathogens, disinfection by-products and cyanobacteria as a result of a combination of natural, technical and human factors. Current sources of health and water data should satisfy surveillance requirements. However, we believe that the creation of a sustainable database comprising behavioural and water management data would be valuable in following and understanding emerging trends.

Treatment of taste and odor material by oxidation and adsorption

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-W. Jung ◽  
K.-H. Baek ◽  
M.-J. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Taste And Odor ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Run Time ◽  
Lab Test

Massive blooms of blue-green algae in reservoirs produce the musty-earthy taste and odor, which are caused by compounds such as 2-MIB and geosmin. 2-MIB and geosmin are rarely removed by conventional water treatment. Their presence in the drinking water, even at low levels (ng/L), can be detected and it creates consumer complaints. So those concentrations have to be controlled as low as possible in the drinking water. The removals by oxidation (O3, Cl2, ClO2) and adsorption (PAC, filter/adsorber) were studied at laboratory and pilot plant (50 m3/d) to select suitable 2-MIB and geosmin treatment processes. The following conclusions were derived from the study. Both of the threshold odor levels for 2-MIB and geosmin appeared to be 30 ng/L as a consequence of a lab test. For any given PAC dosage in a jar-test, removal efficiencies of 2-MIB and geosmin were increased in proportion to PAC dosage and were independent of their initial concentration in raw water for the tested PAC dosages. In comparison of geosmin with 2-MIB, the adsorption efficiency of geosmin by PAC was superior to that of 2-MIB. The required PAC dosages to control below the threshold odor level were 30 mg /L for geosmin and 50 mg/L for 2-MIB at 100 ng/L of initial concentration. Removal efficiencies of odor materials by Cl2, ClO2, and O3 were very weak under the limited dosage (1.5 mg/L), however increased ozone dosage (3.8 mg O3/L) showed high removal efficiency (84.8% for 2-MIB) at contact time 6.4 minutes. According to the initial concentrations of 2-MIB and geosmin, their removal efficiencies by filter/adsorber differed from 25.7% to 88.4%. For all those, however, remaining concentrations of target materials in finished waters were maintained below 30 ng/L. The longer run-time given for the filter/adsorber, the higher the effluent concentration generated. So it is necessary that the run-time of the filter/adsorber be decreased, when 2-MIB or geosmin occurs in raw water.

An approach for determining the most critical among a suite of chemical contaminants at a drinking water intake

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-845
Author(s):  
Fei Chen ◽  
William B. Anderson ◽  
Peter M. Huck
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Raw Water Quality

An integrated approach for the identification and assessment of the most critical chemical contaminant(s) at a drinking water intake has been developed. It involves the determination of a threshold or critical raw water concentration (CRWC) for target contaminants using the observed overall removal efficiency of a specific water treatment plant (WTP) and regulated drinking water concentrations for the target contaminants. The exceedance probability relative to the CRWC based on historical raw water quality monitoring data is then calculated. Finally, the integration of the raw water quality data and the overall efficiency of a particular WTP sequence allows for identification of the most critical contaminant(s) as well as an advance indication of which contaminants are most likely to challenge a plant. The proactive nature of this approach gives a utility the impetus and time to assess current treatment processes and potential alternatives. In addition, it was found that three- or four-parameter theoretical distributions are more appropriate than two-parameter probability distributions for the fitting of raw water quality data. This study reveals that the reliance on raw and/or treated water contaminant concentrations in isolation or on theoretical removals through treatment processes can, in some circumstances, be misguided.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanel Buljubašić
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Integrated Water Management

Freshwater water resources are not inexhaustible [1]. In recent decades, more and more facts point to this statement from the European Charter for Water. Uncontrolled drinking water interventions, losses in water supply and climate change indicate the problem of sufficient quantities of drinking water [2]. Looking at this problem, it is hard to believe that new quantities of drinking water can be produced. The model of integrated water management has been increasingly used in recent years. The application of new technologies in water supply creates conditions for the controlled management of water intakes and losses in water supply. Each water sapply system needs to develop its own model for integrated water management.

scholarly journals Formation of chlorinated organics in drinking water of Instanbul (Turkey) and Salerno (Italy)

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Water Origin ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Levels

The occurrence of THMs and HAAs, and other volatile organics in Istanbul (Turkey) and Salerno (Italy) surface water resources was investigated by the previous and present data obtained on raw, coagulated, pre-chlorinated, pre-ozonated water samples. The present drinking water directives/regulations in developed countries set maximum contaminant level (MCL) for THMs at different levels. In Italy, where the 80-85% of water demand is supplied by groundwater, a relatively low THMs value of 30 μg l-1 was set, however there are no HAAs and bromate limits. On the other hand, there is still no regulation for the THMs in Turkey. The characterization of chlorinated by-products, particularly THMs, is detailed according to raw water origin and treatment technologies currently applied in both cities.

Speciation and seasonal variation of various disinfection by-products in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant in East China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1579-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Ren Zhou ◽  
Yi-Li Lin ◽  
Tian-Yang Zhang ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Wen-Hai Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
East China ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment Plant ◽  
By Products

Abstract The objective of this research was to study the occurrence and seasonal variations of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including traditional carbonaceous and emerging nitrogenous DBPs, in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) for nearly 2 years. The removal efficiencies of each DBP through the treatment processes were also investigated. This DWTP takes raw water from the Yangtze River in East China. The quality of the raw water used in this DWTP varied with different seasons. The results suggested that DBP concentrations of the finished water were higher in spring (82.33 ± 15.12 μg/L) and summer (117.29 ± 9.94 μg/L) with higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels, but lower in autumn (41.10 ± 5.82 μg/L) and winter (78.47 ± 2.74 μg/L) with lower DOC levels. Due to the increase of bromide concentration in spring and winter, more toxic brominated DBPs increased obviously and took up a greater proportion. In this DWTP, DBP concentrations increased dramatically after pre-chlorination, especially in summer. It is noteworthy that the removal of DBPs during the subsequent treatment was more obvious in spring than in the other three seasons because the pH value is more beneficial to coagulation in spring.

Analysing water quality changes due to reservoir management and climate change for optimization of drinking water treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Slavik ◽  
W. Uhl
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Reservoir Management ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Catchment Areas

Reservoir water for drinking water production may undergo major short-term and long-term quality changes. These are results of natural processes in the water body and of the water's quality entering and leaving the reservoir. Long term quality changes are due to management of catchment areas, but also to a considerable extent by external impacts like climate change. Short term quality changes are impacted by extreme events like rain storms after drought periods, which might also be a result of climate change. Furthermore, short- and mid-term quality changes are impacted by reservoir management, which also influences the ecological state of rivers downstream the reservoir. The purpose of our work is to develop a decision support tool for reservoir management which takes into account short-, mid- and long-term factors for water quality change. With the tool it is intended to simulate not only water quality, but also management impact on flood risk prevention and drinking water quality (treatment efficiency and costs) and to assist decision making for reservoir management.

Modelling raw water quality—development of a drinking water management tool

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-596
Author(s):  
Ch. Kübeck ◽  
W. van Berk ◽  
A. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Raw Water Quality

Ensuring future drinking water supply requires a tough management of groundwater resources. However, recent practice of economic resource control often does not involve aspects of the hydrogeochemical and geohydraulical groundwater system. In respect of analysing the available quantity and quality of future raw water, an effective resource management requires a full understanding of the hydrogeochemical and geohydraulical processes within the aquifer. For example, the knowledge of raw water quality development with time helps to work out strategies of water treatment as well as planning finance resources. On the other hand, the effectiveness of planned measurements reducing the infiltration of harmful substances such as nitrate can be checked and optimized by using hydrogeochemical modelling. Thus, within the framework of the InnoNet program funded by Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, a network of research institutes and water suppliers work in close cooperation developing a planning and management tool particularly oriented on water management problems. The tool involves an innovative material flux model that calculates the hydrogeochemical processes under consideration of the dynamics in agricultural land use. The program integrated graphical data evaluation is aligned on the needs of water suppliers.

Hydrology across disciplines: the experience of a Public Hydrological Service in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ricciardi ◽  
Alessandro Allodi ◽  
Fabio Bordini ◽  
Monica Branchi ◽  
Francesco Cogliandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Solid Transport

<p>Water is very important for human consumption, production and services and also for inspiration, recreation, landscapes, ecosystems and wild life. UN and EU policies highlights the interaction of historical scientific, economic, societal and environmental factors and the linkage of water policies with biodiversity protection and Climate Change adaptation.  According to the European Green Deal (2019), for a fair and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy working across sectors and disciplines, will be needed, also involving local communities. Moreover Political and management processes may take benefits from specific participatory Tools.</p><p>The Emilia-Romagna Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy (Arpae) helps sustainability developing  actions for water protection, water use, flood management and education to sustainability.  </p><p>Arpae Hydrological Service (HS) supports flood management and water management, as also design and management of hydraulic structures, through the Flood Early Warning System FEWS and  the Drought Early Warning System DEWS. Arpae HS also collect and publish hydrological time series (water, solid transport) and stage-discharge equations.</p><p>Within FP7 Enhance (2017) multi risk analysis and Public Private Partnership (PPPs) experiences were supported by  modeling tools combining flood /earthquake/Climate Change scenarios in a densely populated, highly developed land reclamation territory. An Application of the System for Economic and Environmental Accounting for Water (UN SEEA -Water) was developed in 2017. Within Interreg Proline-CE (2019), the FEWS and DEWS Systems, respectively supporting the Flood Forecasting Center and the Observatory on Water Uses, were proposed as Best Management Practices (BMPs) for land and water management useful for drinking water protection. BMPs where tested through workshops, questionnaires,  meetings and technical visits, useful for dissemination and  stakeholders involvement. H2020 Clara was useful to experience co-design/co-development approaches, to explore market segments and business models for water knowledge and climate services, and to set dedicated Policy Briefs for Water and Climate Change Adaptation; Arpae HS developed a set of modeling services  (Clara PWA) related to water management, solid transport, water quality and habitat availability, useful to understand the  influenced of climate change and the needs and proposal coming from market and  the institutions. Interreg boDEREC-CE is a current project on pharmaceutical and personal care pollutants (PPCPs), aimed at developing tools and strategies for protection of drinking water, water ecosystems and public health from pollution, bacterial resistance, toxicity and pathogens.</p><p>Arpae HS through these experiences has gained awareness of the inter linkage of hydrology with other sectors (economy, Earth sciences, ICT, health, ecology, society) and of the importance of developing specific decision support tools maximizing stakeholder participation, societal dissemination, transparency, education to sustainability and experts involvement.</p>

scholarly journals PENYISIHAN KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK ALAMI PADA AIR BAKU UNTUK PRODUKSI AIR MINUM DENGAN KOMBINASI PRE-OKSIDASI DAN KOAGULASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Firdaus Kamal ◽  
Euis Nurul Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Coagulation Process ◽  
By Products

Kehadiran NOM menurunkan kualitas air baku untuk air minum dengan mengubah sifat organoleptik, mengganggu sistem pengendapan dan meningkatkan penggunaan koagulan, menyebabkan penyumbatan pada saringan dan distribusi air minum. Komponen NOM, seperti humic acids (HA) dan fulvic acids (FA) yang bereaksi dengan logam berat menyebabkan terbentuknya senyawa toksik dan berkontribusi terhadap pembentukan disinfection by products (DBPs) yang menyebabkan potensi adanya senyawa karsinogenik dalam pengolahan air minum secara konvensional. Salah satu metode penyisihan bahan organik dalam air adalah dengan peningkatan proses koagulasi, dengan pretreatment sebelum proses koagulasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi terhadap penyisihan bahan organik pada air Kali Jagir yang digunakan untuk produksi air minum. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, konsentrasi TOC pada air baku sebesar 11,67  mg/liter dan nilai UV absorbansi 254 nm sebesar 0,10895 cm-1, sehingga diperoleh nilai SUVA sebesar 0,934 L/mg/cm, sehingga diketahui karakteristik pada air Kali Surabaya yang cenderung hidrofilik dengan berat molekul rendah dan kebanyakan bukan humik yang mengindikasikan bahwa air tersebut dihasilkan dari kegiatan domestik dan industri. Pada kombinasi pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi, CaOCl2 dengan dosis 25 mg/liter mampu menurunkan TOC dari 11,67 mg/liter menjadi 9,11 mg/liter, sedangkan permanganat dengan dosis 0,8 mg/liter hanya mampu menurunkan TOC dari 11,67 mg/liter menjadi 11,25 mg/liter. Kombinasi pre-oksidasi dan koagulasi mampu menurunkan bahan organik aromatik, ditunjukkan dengan nilai absorbansi UV210 air baku yaitu 1,4983 cm-1 menjadi 1,2720 cm-1 dengan pre-oksidasi KMnO4-koagulan Al2(SO4)3 dan 1,3152 cm-1 pada pre-oksidasi CaOCl2-koagulan Al2(SO4)3. Kata kunci: bahan organik alami, koagulasi, pre-oksidasi. The presence of NOM reduces air quality for drinking water with changes in organoleptic properties, deposition systems and increased use of coagulants, blockages in filters and distribution of drinking water. NOM components, such as humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) which are printed with heavy metals cause the formation of toxic compounds and contribute to product disinfection (DBPs) which produce potential carcinogenic compounds in conventional drinking water treatment. One method of removing organic matter in water is by increasing the coagulation process, with pretreatment before the coagulation process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pre-oxidation and coagulation on the removal of organic material in Kali Jagir water used for the production of drinking water. Based on the results of the analysis, TOC concentration in raw water is 11.67 mg/liter and UV absorbance value 254 nm is 0.10895 cm-1, so that the SUVA value is 0.934 L/mg/cm, so it is known the characteristics of the Surabaya River water which tend to be hydrophilic with low molecular weight and most not humic which indicates that the water is produced from domestic and industrial activities. In a combination of preoxidation and coagulation, CaOCl2 with a dose of 25 mg/liter was able to reduce TOC from 11.67 mg/liter to 9.11 mg/liter, while permanganate at a dose of 0.8 mg/liter was only able to reduce TOC from 11,67 mg/liter to 11.25 mg/liter. The combination of preoxidation and coagulation is able to reduce aromatic organic matter, indicated by the absorbance value of UV210 of raw water, namely 1.4983 cm-1 to 1.2720 cm-1 with the KMnO4-coagulant Al2(SO4)3 and 1.3152 cm-1 preoxidation in preoxidation CaOCl2-coagulant (SO4)3. Keywords: natural organic matter, coagulation, pre-oxidation.

scholarly journals Jarak Sumber Air Baku Air Minum dari Pusat Erupsi dan Risiko Kesehatan Masyarakat di Wilayah Pasca Erupsi Sinabung

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Sri Malem Indirawati ◽  
Haesti Sembiring
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Environmental Health Risks ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Water Test

Latar belakang: Gunung sinabung sudah mengalami erupsi selama 9 tahun sejak  bulan Agustus tahun 2010, hal ini menyebabkan perubahan ekosistem karena  telah merubah struktur tanah dan mempengaruhi kualitas air di wilayah erupsi. Kondisi ini menimbulkan faktor risiko kesehatan pada masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi sumber air baku air minum yang tercemar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis kualitas air minum masyarakat dan mengukur risiko kesehatan lingkungan yang timbul sebagai dampak dari erupsi berdasarkan jarak sumber air baku .Metode: Penelitian survei dengan design cross sectional berlokasi di hunian tetap desa Nang belawan kecamatan Simpang Empat kabupaten Karo propinsi Sumatera utara.   Sampel meliputi air baku air minum yang diambil di empat lokasi. Air baku dianalisis dengan alat photometer water test kit AYI-IO, dan kemudian  hasilnya dipetakan dengan analisis spasial berdasarkan jarak dari sumber erupsi ke sumber air baku. Sejumlah 56 kepala keluarga  diambil secara purposive sampling di wilayah penelitian berdasarkan cemaran Pb tertinggi, selanjutnya dianalisa dengan  metode Analisa Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan.Hasil: Seluruh sampel air tercemar Pb dengan rentang 0.17 -0.9 mg/L. Masyarakat dengan masa tinggal 4 tahun dan rerata berat badan 55 Kg dan mengkonsumsi 2 L/hari memiliki risiko kesehatan.Simpulan: Masyarakat yang bermukim di lokasi hunian tetap Nang Belawan 1 memiliki konsentrasi Pb maksimum 0,9 mg/L dan memiliki risiko kesehatan akibat  mengkonsumsi air minum yang tercemar Pb.  Pengelolaan air baku dengan metode penyaringan khusus dalam upaya menurunkan konsentrasi Pb perlu dilakukan agar dapat menurunkan risiko kesehatan. ABSTRACT Title: The Raw Water Source Distance  From The Center Of Eruption And  Public Health Risks in The Area of Sinabung Post-EruptionBackground: Mount Sinabung has been erupted  for 9 years since August 2010, it caused  ecosystem changing because it changed the soil structure and will affecting water quality in the eruption area. This condition raises environmental health risks for people who consume drinking water sources contaminated with volcanic dust pollutants. This study aims to analyze the quality of Pb in community drinking water and environmental health risks that arise as a result of eruptions and knowing  the status of raw water quality based on the distance from the eruption center.Method: This is survey study with cross-sesctional design was located in Nang Belawan village Simpang Empat sub-District Karo District in North Sumatera Province with four locations for drinking water source samples. The raw water is analyzed by the AYI-IO water test kit, and then the results are mapped with spatial analysis based on the distance from the point of Mount Sinabung. 56 samples were taken by purposive sampling in the area with the highest Pb contamination, then analyzed by enviromental health risks assesmentResult:  All samples of Pb polluted water ranged from 0.17 to 0.9 mg / L. People with a 4-year stay and average body weight of 55 kg and consuming 2 L / day had risks.  Raw water with a distance of 9.66 - 11.43  Km from Sinabung is not safe for consumption.Conclusion: This indicates that people living in the Nang Belawan 1 Huntap location with maximum Pb concentration of 0.9 mg / L had a health risk due to contaminated raw water. Need to manage raw water as a source of drinking water with a special screening method, in an effort to reduce the concentration of Pb. The distance of the well 11.43 Km from the eruption center is not safe for consumption  

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