Impact of a multidimensional child cash grant programme on water, sanitation and hygiene in Nepal

Andre Renzaho; Stanley Chitekwe; Wen Chen; Sanjay Rijal; Thakur Dhakal; Ingrid R. Chikazaza; Pradiumna Dahal

doi:10.2166/washdev.2018.006

Impact of a multidimensional child cash grant programme on water, sanitation and hygiene in Nepal

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2018.006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 520-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Andre Renzaho ◽

Stanley Chitekwe ◽

Wen Chen ◽

Sanjay Rijal ◽

Thakur Dhakal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Protection ◽

Propensity Scores ◽

Financial Incentive ◽

Scale Up ◽

Social Welfare Services ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene ◽

Families With Children ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Cash Grant

Abstract The study evaluated the impact of a multidimensional child cash grant (CCG) programme on safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) outcomes. The intervention district received a CCG providing 200 Nepalese Rupee per month for up to two children for poor families with children under five, a capacity building component for effective child sensitive social protection, and behaviour change activities in addition to existing standard social welfare services in the form of targeted resource transfers (TRTs) for eligible families. The control district received only TRTs for eligible families. Propensity scores were used in difference-in-differences models to compare the changes over time between the intervention and control groups. The intervention resulted in a 5.5% (p < 0.01), 46.6% (p < 0.001) and 42.2% (p < 0.001) percentage points reduction in the proportion of households reporting drinking water from unimproved sources, having unimproved sanitation facilities, and practising unsanitary disposal of children's faeces, respectively. However, the prevalence of households practising inadequate water treatment methods did not differ between the intervention and comparison districts. In order to achieve WASH coverage in Nepal, strategies to scale up the intervention need to consider a social protection programme embedding different financial incentive and integrated capacity mechanisms.

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Belgium: Creeping Vulnerability of Children

10.1093/oso/9780198797968.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Julie Vinck ◽

Wim Van Lancker

Keyword(s):

Social Protection ◽

Child Poverty ◽

Growing Up ◽

Important Lesson ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Poverty Risk ◽

Poor Households ◽

Families With Children ◽

The Impact

Belgium has been plagued by comparatively high levels of child poverty, and by a creeping, yet significant, increase that started in the good years before the crisis. This is related to the relatively high share of jobless households, the extremely high and increasing poverty risk of children growing up in these households, and benefits that are inadequate to shield jobless families with children from poverty. Although the impact of the Great Recession was limited in Belgium, the crisis seems to have had an impact on child poverty, by increasing the number of children living in work-poor households. Although the Belgian welfare state had an important cushioning impact, its poverty-reducing capacity was less strong than it used to be. The most important lesson from the crisis is that in order to make further headway in reducing child poverty, not only activation but also social protection should be improved.

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Coverage of non-receipt of cash transfer (Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty) and associated factors among older persons in the Mampong Municipality, Ghana – a quantitative analysis

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01786-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Doris Ottie-Boakye

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Older Persons ◽

Formal Education ◽

Social Protection ◽

Well Being ◽

Cash Transfer ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

The Impact ◽

Cash Grant

Abstract Background Social assistance in the form of cash transfer or in-kind has been recognised as a social protection strategy in many developing countries to tackle poverty and provide protection for individuals and households. Ghana’s cash grant programme, Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP), was introduced in 2008 to support selected households with vulnerable persons including older people 65 years and above, and persons with disabilities. This paper examined the coverage of non-receipt of LEAP, and the associated factors among older persons (65+ years) in the Mampong Municipality, Ghana. Methods Data were extracted from the Ageing, Social Protection and Health Systems (ASPHS) survey carried out between September 2017 and October 2017 among older persons residing in LEAP-targeted communities. Data were analysed using descriptive and sequential logistic regression model techniques. Results The mean age of respondents was 77.0 years and 62.3% were females. Rural residents constituted 59.0%. About 42.0% had no formal education and only 20.5% had no form of caregiving. Non-receipt of LEAP was 82.7% among study respondents. The fully adjusted model showed that being married (AOR = 3.406, CI 1.127–10.290), residing in an urban location (AOR = 3.855, CI 1.752–8.484), having attained primary level of education (AOR = 0.246, CI 0.094–0.642), and not residing in the same household with a primary caregiver (AOR = 6.088, CI 1.814–20.428) were significantly associated with non-receipt of cash grant among older persons. Conclusion These results provide the first quantitative estimates of non-receipt coverage and its associated factors with the LEAP programme, which can inform the design of government policies related to cash transfers for older persons. The need for further research using different approaches to understand and explain the impact of cash grants on older persons’ well-being is crucial in strengthening old age social support care mechanisms in Ghana.

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Oral Presentation II

World Journal of Endocrine Surgery ◽

10.5005/wjoes-8-1-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 8-14

Author(s):

Tae-Yon Sung ◽

Jong Ho Yoon ◽

Minkyu Han ◽

Yi Ho Lee ◽

Yu-mi Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Thyroid Surgery ◽

Propensity Scores ◽

Medical Center ◽

Central Compartment ◽

Clinical Recurrence ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND AIMS To compare robot vs open thyroid surgery using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) with regard to oncologic safety in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. METHODS We enrolled 722 patients with PTC who underwent a total thyroidectomy with central compartment node dissection (CCND) at the Asan Medical Center in Korea from January 2009 to December 2010. These patients were classified into open thyroid surgery (n = 610) or robot thyroid surgery (n= 112) groups. We verified the impact of robot thyroid surgery on clinical recurrence and ablation/control-stimulated thyroglobulin (sTg) levels predictive of non-recurrence using weighted logistic regression models with IPTW. RESULTS Age, sex, thyroid weight, extent of CCND, and TNM stage were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the open and robot groups (1.5 vs 2.7%; p = 0.608). The proportion of patients with ablation sTg < 10.0 ng/mL and control sTg < 1.0 ng/mL was comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05). Logistic regression with IPTW using the propensity scores estimated by adjusting all of the parameters demonstrated that robot thyroid surgery did not influence the clinical recurrence (OR: 0.784; 95% CI: 0.150–3.403; p = 0.750), ablation sTg (OR: 0.950; 95% CI: 0.361–2.399; p = 0.914), and control sTg levels (OR: 0.498; 95% CI: 0.190–1.189; p = 0.130). CONCLUSION Robot thyroid surgery is comparable to open thyroid surgery with regard to oncologic safety in PTC patients.

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Impact of social protection programs on adults diagnosed with Tuberculosis: systematic review

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Francisca Bruna Arruda Aragão ◽

Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio ◽

Miguel Fuentealba-Torres ◽

Tânia Silva Gomes Carneiro ◽

Ludmilla Leidianne Limíro Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Social Protection ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Adherence To Treatment ◽

Provision Of Services ◽

Cure Rates ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the impact of social protection programs on adults diagnosed with Tuberculosis. Methods: systematic review conducted by PRISMA, with registration PROSPERO CRD42019130884. The studies were identified in the VHL, PubMed, Scielo, CINAHL and Scopus databases, using the descriptors “Social Protection” and “Tuberculosis”, in combination with keywords combined with Boolean operators AND and OR. Observational and interventional studies published until October 23, 2019, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, were included. Results: social protection programs improve the treatment of tuberculosis, cure rates, adherence to treatment, the provision of services for the control of TB and reduce poverty. Conclusions: social protection programs have a positive impact on the treatment and control of people diagnosed with Tuberculosis.

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IMPACT OF SOCIAL PROTECTION FUND APPROACHES ON SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS IN KISUMU COUNTY. A CASE STUDY OF INUA JAMII PROGRAMME

International Journal of Management and Leadership Studies ◽

10.52281/jv3i106 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 41-53

Author(s):

Edwin Agwa ◽

Juster Nyaga

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Social Protection ◽

Scale Up ◽

Sustainable Livelihoods ◽

County Government ◽

Economic Policies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Political Activities ◽

Skilled Personnel ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of Social Protection Fund Approaches on Sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County, Kenya. This study employed a cross- sectional research design with the population of 100 respondents. This study was guided by the following research objectives; to establish the effects of provisional social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kenya, to determine the effects of preventive social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kenya Data were sampled using Stratified purposive sampling. Under this study, descriptive statistics were used. Questionnaire and observation were the main tools for collecting data. This study found that provisional social protection fund had a significant impact on sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County, Kenya. This study concluded that there are higher expectations related to dependency syndrome among those who would otherwise be able to wean off the programme. Additionally, the study concluded that the goal of sustainable livelihoods faces the problems such as: of inadequate financial knowledge, lack of harmony between national and county government social services operations around safety nets programmes as well as conflict of interests among local leaders. This study recommended that, implementation of policies in a multimodal way to bridge gaps and strengthen collaboration between all actors at all government levels countrywide, adequate staffing to attract and retain/replace skilled personnel as well as scale up information, communications and education on social programmes and other government social economic policies for improved population positive public participation and desired impact devoid of political activities. Key Words: Social Protection Fund, Sustainable livelihoods

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The food of life: an evaluation of the impact of cash grant receipt and good parenting on child nutrition outcomes in South Africa and Malawi

Global Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/1757975920957598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 131-140

Author(s):

Lorraine Sherr ◽

Kathryn J. Roberts ◽

Helen Mebrahtu ◽

Mark Tomlinson ◽

Sarah Skeen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Child Nutrition ◽

Social Protection ◽

Care Provision ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Marginal Effects ◽

The Impact ◽

Sufficient Food ◽

Cash Grant ◽

Nutritional Outcomes

Social protection interventions (inclusive of cash grant receipt and care provision) have been found to be effective in response to some of the negative implications of the HIV epidemic on children and families. This study explores the impact of cash grant receipt and care provision (operationalised as good parenting) on child nutritional outcomes. In this cross-sectional study, 854 children and younger adolescents (5–15 years) and caregivers affected by HIV, attending community-based organisations in South Africa and Malawi, were interviewed. Interviews comprised inventories on socio-demographic information, family data, cash grant receipt and child nutrition. Parenting was measured using a composite scale. Logistic regression and marginal effects analyses were used to explore the associations between differing levels of social protection (none; either cash or good parenting; cash and good parenting) and child nutritional outcomes. One hundred and sixty children (20.3%) received neither cash nor good parenting; 501 (63.5%) received either cash or good parenting and 128 (16.2%) received both cash and good parenting. In comparison to no intervention, receipt of either cash or good parenting was significantly associated with child non-stunting, the child having sufficient food, and the child not looking thin. Three (3/7) nutritional outcomes showed increased improvement amongst children receiving both cash and good parenting care including child-reported non-hunger, child non-stunting and parental report of sufficient food. Marginal effects analyses further identified an additive effect of cash and good parenting on child nutritional outcomes. This study indicates that receipt of combined cash and good parenting, when compared to cash grant receipt alone, has positive effects on nutrition-related child outcomes.

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Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Beat Meier ◽

Anja König ◽

Samuel Parak ◽

Katharina Henke

Keyword(s):

Memory Trace ◽

Thought Suppression ◽

Test Phase ◽

Indirect Test ◽

Final Test ◽

Test Experiment ◽

And Control ◽

Cue Words ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

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Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000025 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 238-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Paul W. C. Wong ◽

Wincy S. C. Chan ◽

Philip S. L. Beh ◽

Fiona W. S. Yau ◽

Paul S. F. Yip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethical Issues ◽

Research Participation ◽

Self Report ◽

Initial Contact ◽

Psychological Autopsy ◽

Autopsy Study ◽

The People ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

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