IMPACT OF SOCIAL PROTECTION FUND APPROACHES ON SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS IN KISUMU COUNTY. A CASE STUDY OF INUA JAMII PROGRAMME

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Edwin Agwa ◽  
Juster Nyaga
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods ◽  
County Government ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Skilled Personnel ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of Social Protection Fund Approaches on Sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County, Kenya. This study employed a cross- sectional research design with the population of 100 respondents. This study was guided by the following research objectives; to establish the effects of provisional social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kenya, to determine the effects of preventive social protection fund on sustainable livelihoods in Kenya Data were sampled using Stratified purposive sampling. Under this study, descriptive statistics were used. Questionnaire and observation were the main tools for collecting data. This study found that provisional social protection fund had a significant impact on sustainable livelihoods in Kisumu County, Kenya. This study concluded that there are higher expectations related to dependency syndrome among those who would otherwise be able to wean off the programme. Additionally, the study concluded that the goal of sustainable livelihoods faces the problems such as: of inadequate financial knowledge, lack of harmony between national and county government social services operations around safety nets programmes as well as conflict of interests among local leaders. This study recommended that, implementation of policies in a multimodal way to bridge gaps and strengthen collaboration between all actors at all government levels countrywide, adequate staffing to attract and retain/replace skilled personnel as well as scale up information, communications and education on social programmes and other government social economic policies for improved population positive public participation and desired impact devoid of political activities. Key Words: Social Protection Fund, Sustainable livelihoods

scholarly journals Pilot Educational Intervention to Promote Safe Pesticide Use Practices Among Farmworkers in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 866-875
Author(s):  
Pramesh Koju ◽  
Prabin R Shakya ◽  
Archana Shrestha ◽  
Biraj M Karmacharya ◽  
Sudip Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health And Environmental Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The misuse of pesticides among farmworkers in Nepal is commonplace. To address this, we implemented a pilot educational intervention (three modules delivered over 3 days and lasting approximately 3 h each) in Kavre District of Nepal. Modules included: (i) health and environmental effects of pesticides, (ii) use of personal protective equipment, and (iii) label literacy and behavioral factors that influence pesticide exposure. In addition, 10 posters with key messages from each of the modules were hung throughout communities. Methods Surveys were administered to cross-sectional convenience samples of farmworkers at baseline (n = 106) and 1 year later (n = 98). Practices relating to pesticides at baseline and endline were compared using multivariable logistic regression to adjust for differences in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics between the samples. Results Compared with the baseline sample, farmworkers in the endline sample were significantly more likely to report: getting information regarding the amount of pesticides to use from experts or pesticide labels (versus personal judgment); wearing gloves while mixing pesticides; wearing boots while working in the field; using personal hygiene practices after handling pesticides such as bathing or washing hands and feet; changing clothes after handling pesticides; checking the wind direction before spraying; and delaying entry for a longer period of time after spraying. Conclusions These results suggest that a simple educational intervention can improve pesticide handling practices among farmworkers in Nepal. Future research should explore the impact of such interventions on pesticide exposure levels and health outcomes, and the potential to scale up these programs nationally.

Impact of a multidimensional child cash grant programme on water, sanitation and hygiene in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Renzaho ◽  
Stanley Chitekwe ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Sanjay Rijal ◽  
Thakur Dhakal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Propensity Scores ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Social Welfare Services ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cash Grant

Abstract The study evaluated the impact of a multidimensional child cash grant (CCG) programme on safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) outcomes. The intervention district received a CCG providing 200 Nepalese Rupee per month for up to two children for poor families with children under five, a capacity building component for effective child sensitive social protection, and behaviour change activities in addition to existing standard social welfare services in the form of targeted resource transfers (TRTs) for eligible families. The control district received only TRTs for eligible families. Propensity scores were used in difference-in-differences models to compare the changes over time between the intervention and control groups. The intervention resulted in a 5.5% (p < 0.01), 46.6% (p < 0.001) and 42.2% (p < 0.001) percentage points reduction in the proportion of households reporting drinking water from unimproved sources, having unimproved sanitation facilities, and practising unsanitary disposal of children's faeces, respectively. However, the prevalence of households practising inadequate water treatment methods did not differ between the intervention and comparison districts. In order to achieve WASH coverage in Nepal, strategies to scale up the intervention need to consider a social protection programme embedding different financial incentive and integrated capacity mechanisms.

SOCIAL SERVICES AS A FACTOR OF SUCCESSFUL ADAPTATION OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN NURSING HOMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
K.Е. Tauenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Successful Adaptation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to studying the issue of social services in nursing homes as a factor of successful adaptation of elderly people in new conditions. The main legal acts in the field of protection of the rights of the elderly and disabled people are considered today. The subject of the research is the living conditions of elderly people living in nursing homes, and the impact of social services provided to them on their socio-economic and psychological adaptation. In order to improve the quality of social services in the future, to facilitate the social adaptation of the elderly, to develop proposals to Supplement the legislation on social protection of the elderly in General. Thereby increasing the ability of older people to adapt to social homes.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila A. Picchio ◽  
Jorge Valencia ◽  
Jason Doran ◽  
Tracy Swan ◽  
Marta Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
The State ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Testing

Abstract Background Containment policies and other restrictions introduced by the Spanish government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic present challenges for marginalised populations, such as people who use drugs. Harm reduction centres are often linked to social services, mental health services, and infectious disease testing, in addition to tools and services that help to reduce the harms associated with injecting drugs. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on these services in four autonomous communities in Spain. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that employed a seven-section structured survey administered electronically to 20 centres in July 2020. Data from the most heavily affected months (March–June) in 2020 were compared to data from the same period in 2019. Averages were calculated with their ranges, rates, and absolute numbers. Results All 11 responding centres reported having had to adapt or modify their services during the Spanish state of alarm (14 March–21 June 2020). One centre reported complete closure for 2 months and four reported increases in their operating hours. The average number of service users across all centres decreased by 22% in comparison to the same period in the previous year and the average needle distribution decreased by 40% in comparison to 2019. Most centres reported a decrease in infectious disease testing rates (hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus, and tuberculosis) for March, April, and May in 2020 compared to the previous year. Reported deaths as a result of overdose did not increase during the state of alarm, but 2/11 (18%) centres reported an increase in overdose deaths immediately after finalisation of the state of alarm. Conclusion Overall, Spanish harm reduction centres were able to continue operating and offering services by adjusting operating hours. The number of overall service users and needles distributed fell during the Spanish state of alarm lockdown period, suggesting that fewer clients accessed harm reduction services during this time, putting them at greater risk of reusing or sharing injecting equipment, overdosing, acquiring infectious diseases with decreased access to testing or discontinuing ongoing treatment such as methadone maintenance therapy, hepatitis C treatment, or antiretroviral therapy.

scholarly journals Communal latrine utilization and associated factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzabeth Girma Kefeni ◽  
Walelegn Worku Yallew
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Despite the quick urban population growth increased volume of wastes, including human excreta, which demands an expanded need of infrastructure, solid institutional setup and communities' engagement for management of safe disposal of excreta, arrangement of such basic social services has not developed as per the rate of population growth. Mostly, communal latrines are inclined towards an absence of cleanliness, as they accommodate many people beyond their capacity, filling up septic tanks quickly. A community-based cross-sectional study conducted in 817 randomly selected communal latrine user households, five focus group discussions and four key informant interviews were analysed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to discover the impact of different factors on the use of communal latrines. The findings revealed that the rate of communal latrine use in Addis Ababa was about 79.8%. Unhygienic conditions, latrine emptying challenges, extreme smell, number of family units sharing the same squats, and latrine designs for the aged and children were identified as barriers to latrine utilization. This study suggests that, in parallel with the continued investments to increase access to sanitary facilities in the city, the management and behavioural change part has likewise to be stressed for better use and sustainability.

The Impact of the Global Crisis on Cuba's Economy and Social Welfare

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARMELO MESA-LAGO ◽  
PAVEL VIDAL-ALEJANDRO
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe mechanisms by which the world economic crisis has been transmitted from developed to developing economies are conditioned by domestic factors that may attenuate or accentuate external economic shocks and their adverse social effects. Cuba is a special case: it is an open economy and hence vulnerable to trade-growth transmission mechanisms, but at the same time, it is a socialist economy with universal social services. This article reviews the literature, summarises Cuba's domestic socio-economic strengths and weaknesses prior to the crisis, evaluates the effects of the crisis on the macro-economic and social services indicators, assesses the government response and suggests alternative socio-economic policies.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services in Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila A Picchio ◽  
Jorge Valencia ◽  
Jason Doran ◽  
Tracy Swan ◽  
Marta Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
The State ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Testing

Abstract Background: Containment policies and other restrictions introduced by the Spanish government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic present challenges for marginalised populations, such as people who use drugs. Harm reduction centres are often linked to social services, mental health services, and infectious disease testing, in addition to tools and services that help to reduce the harms associated with injecting drugs. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on these services in four autonomous communities in Spain.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that employed a seven-section structured survey administered electronically to 20 centres in July 2020. Data from the most heavily affected months (March–June) in 2020 were compared to data from the same period in 2019. Averages were calculated with their ranges, rates, and absolute numbers.Results: All 11 responding centres reported having had to adapt or modify their services during the Spanish state of alarm (14 March–21 June 2020). One centre reported complete closure for two months and four reported increases in their operating hours. The average number of service users across all centres decreased by 22% in comparison to the same period in the previous year and the average needle distribution decreased by 40% in comparison to 2019. Most centres reported a decrease in infectious disease testing rates (hepatitis B and C viruses [HBV, HCV], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and tuberculosis [TB]) for March, April, and May in 2020 compared to the previous year. Reported deaths as a result of overdose did not increase during the state of alarm, but 2/11 (18%) centres reported an increase in overdose deaths immediately after finalisation of the state of alarm.Conclusion: Overall, like other European countries, Spanish harm reduction centres were able to continue operating and offering services by adjusting operating hours. The number of overall service users and needles distributed fell during the Spanish state of alarm lockdown period, suggesting that fewer clients accessed harm reduction services during this time, putting them at greater risk of reusing or sharing injecting equipment, overdosing, acquiring infectious diseases with decreased access to testing or discontinuing ongoing treatment (methadone maintenance therapy, hepatitis C treatment, or antiretroviral therapy).

scholarly journals Supporting the spread and scale-up of electronic consultation across Canada: cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e028888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Liddy ◽  
Aminu Bello ◽  
Jean Cook ◽  
Neil Drimer ◽  
Maxine Dumas Pilon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Electronic Consultation ◽  
Utilisation Data ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the process of implementing an electronic consultation (eConsult) service and evaluate its impact along key metrics outlined by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingClinics using eConsult in four provinces across Canada: Alberta, Manitoba, Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador.ParticipantsAll eConsult cases submitted in four participating provinces were included.InterventionThe eConsult service is a secure online application that allows primary care providers and specialists to communicate regarding a patient’s care. We measured the impact using system utilisation data and mandatory close-out surveys completed at the end of each eConsult.Main outcome measuresImplementation progress and impact were examined using the five categories outlined by the RE-AIM framework: reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance.ResultsFour provinces provided data from different periods, ranging from 4 years (Alberta) to 10 months (Manitoba). Total cases completed ranged from 96 (Manitoba) to 6885 (Alberta). Newfoundland had the largest menu of available specialties (n=35), while Alberta and Quebec had the smallest (n=22). The most frequently requested groups varied across provinces, with only endocrinology appearing in the top five for all provinces. The average specialist response time ranged from 3 days (Manitoba) to 16.7 days (Alberta). Between 54% (Newfoundland) and 66% (Manitoba) of cases resulted in new or additional information. Primary care providers avoided completing referrals they had originally considered in 36% (Newfoundland) to 53% of cases (Manitoba), while only between 27 % (Quebec) and 29% (Newfoundland) of cases resulted in a referral. In every province, services demonstrated higher rates of usage in their last quarter of data than their first.ConclusionseConsult was successfully implemented in four new provinces across Canada. Implementation strategies and scope varied, but services demonstrated substantial consistency on several key metrics, most notably on whether new information was learnt and impact on decision to refer.

scholarly journals Conditional Cash Transfers and Cognitive, Non-Cognitive Outcomes: The Case of the Bono de Desarrollo Humano in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Gabriela Izurieta
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Language Class ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
The Impact

The BDH cash transfer is a social protection program directed to the poorest households in Ecuador. This paper examines the impact of the BDH cash transfer on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes for students that want to enter a higher education institution. Close attention is put on the Ser Bachiller exam score, student´s expectations, motivations and self-esteem. The data used corresponds to the Ser Bachiller data base and the Associated Factors Survey for the academic cycle 2016-2017 (one cross-sectional period). The short-term exposure to the program was evaluated building a pseudo-assignation index (pseudo RS index) and a regression discontinuity design. The main results show that households that are near the assignation score (28.2) have an increased probability of participating in the program that ranges from 7.1 to 7.9 percentage points. For the cognitive outcomes, IV estimates reveal that the BDH cash transfer has a statistically significant negative effect on the mathematics score that ranges from 0.35 to 0.43 points (over 10 points). Regarding the non-cognitive outcomes, the BDH has a negative impact on students’ academic self-esteem on both, mathematics class that ranges from 0.25 to 0.28 percentage points) and a similar effect on language class and a statistically significant and negative impact on the expectation to obtain a master’s degree of 0.21 percentage points.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on harm reduction services in Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila A Picchio ◽  
Jorge Valencia ◽  
Jason Doran ◽  
Tracy Swan ◽  
Marta Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
The State ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Testing

Abstract Background: Containment policies and other restrictions introduced by the Spanish government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic present challenges for marginalised populations, such as people who use drugs. Harm reduction centres are often linked to social services, mental health services, and infectious disease testing, in addition to tools and services that help to reduce the harms associated with injecting drugs. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on these services in four autonomous communities in Spain. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that employed a seven-section structured survey administered electronically to 20 centres in July 2020. Data from the most heavily affected months (March–June) in 2020 were compared to data from the same period in 2019. Averages were calculated with their ranges, rates, and absolute numbers.Results: All 11 responding centres reported having had to adapt or modify their services during the Spanish state of alarm (14 March–21 June 2020). One centre reported complete closure for two months and four reported increases in their operating hours. The average number of service users across all centres decreased by 22% in comparison to the same period in the previous year and the average needle distribution decreased by 40% in comparison to 2019. Most centres reported a decrease in infectious disease testing rates (hepatitis B and C viruses [HBV, HCV], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and tuberculosis [TB]) for March, April, and May in 2020 compared to the previous year. Reported deaths as a result of overdose did not increase during the state of alarm, but 2/11 (18%) centres reported an increase in overdose deaths immediately after finalisation of the state of alarm.Conclusion: Overall, Spanish harm reduction centres were able to continue operating and offering services by adjusting operating hours. The number of overall service users and needles distributed fell during the Spanish state of alarm lockdown period, suggesting that fewer clients accessed harm reduction services during this time, putting them at greater risk of reusing or sharing injecting equipment, overdosing, acquiring infectious diseases with decreased access to testing or discontinuing ongoing treatment such as methadone maintenance therapy, hepatitis C treatment, or antiretroviral therapy.

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