Sustainability evaluation of a primary school rainwater demonstration project in Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulinave Burton Mwamila ◽  
Moo Young Han ◽  
Soyoon Kum
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Level Gauge ◽  
System Management ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Sustainability Evaluation ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Corporate Social

Water shortages are widely prevalent in developing countries, affecting lives of people including schoolchildren, who miss classes while fetching water for daily use. A typical case was that of Mnyundo Primary School in Tanzania, East Africa. A rainwater harvesting (RWH) system was then constructed because of easy adaptability of the technology. The purpose of this study is sustainability evaluation. The evaluation considered construction details, level of water supply service, potential for sustainability and replication. Coarse screen, first flush tank, and sedimentation tank were included for maintaining drinkable water quality through particle load reduction. The water level gauge incorporated enables easy monitoring of water usage, while the provided training and operational manual are a practical guide on system management for the users. Local labor, material and techniques used, are recommended for capacity building, sense of ownership, and cost reduction. Companies’ involvement is encouraged by providing financial support to the schools as their corporate social responsibility. RWH is thus suggested as a sustainable alternative for drinking water supply.

scholarly journals Rainwater harvesting as an alternative of freshwater supply in Balikpapan city – a case study of Institut Teknologi Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012040
Author(s):  
E T Mamangkey ◽  
R B Sukmara ◽  
Ariyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Sensitive Urban Design ◽  
Supply Analysis

Abstract Currently, 73% of the water demand in Balikpapan was only supplied from Manggar Reservoir, and it will continue decreasing parallelly with the increasing population. Regarding the population issues and the government’s planning for the new capital city of Indonesia, Balikpapan will be a buffer city facing serious risk in water supply issues in the future. Therefore, this study seeks to analyze an alternative of water supply. Following the concepts in Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD), The rainwater harvesting (RWH) method was chosen for preventive analysis, and Institut Teknologi Kalimantan (ITK) as one of the reputable’s universities in Balikpapan will be taken as a study location. The results obtained that the monthly water demand in ITK was ranged from 3228.34 m3 to 16632.97 m3. Using RWH, water supply analysis was obtained from 3790.62 m3 to 10697.31 m3 in various rainfall durations (0.5 to 2 hours) and 20 years projections (2022 to 2042). Following the obtained water supply. This study also reveals that the savings of total water usage can be reached from 24% to 100%, and around IDR 14,082,002 to IDR 37,035,390 is converted to currency. The highest saving reached due to water supply meets the water demand.

scholarly journals Kebutuhan Air Irigasi Untuk Tanaman Padi Genjah

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suripto Suripto
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
The Future

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine the needs of irrigation water in early-year rice crops.For irrigation purposes water is needed to increase production. In order to avoid water shortages, it is necessary to regulate water usage and schedule preparation and appropriate cropping patterns under various conditions. So in the future it is expected that there will be no shortage of water which will eventually increase agricultural production.The results showed that the availability of water every month is always short, except at the end of February, in that month the rainfall is quite largeKeywords: water availability, water supply, preparation of planting schedule, cropping pattern.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kebutuhan air irigasi pada tanaman padi genjah.Untuk keperluan irigasi dibutuhkan air yang cukup guna meningkatkan produksi pertanian. Agar tidak terjadi kekurangan air, maka perlu pengaturan penggunaan air dan penyusunan jadual serta pola tanam yang tepat pada berbagai kondisi. Sehingga pada masa yang akan datang diharapkan tidak terjadi kekurangan air yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan produksi pertanian.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ketersediaan air setiap bulannya selalu kekurangan, kecuali pada pada akhir bulan Pebruari, pada bulan tersebut curah hujannya cukup besarKata kunci : ketersediaan air, pemberian air, penyusunan jadual tanam, pola tanam.

Social capacities in fostering water supply resilience in Vanuatu

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-720
Author(s):  
Behrooz Balaei ◽  
Suzanne Wilkinson ◽  
Regan Potangaroa
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The Social ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Village

Purpose In March 2015 Vanuatu experienced Tropical Cyclone (TC) Pam, a category 5 cyclone with estimated wind speeds of 250 kph and one of the worst disasters in Vanuatu’s history. Prior to the cyclone, one-third of water in Vanuatu was collected by means of rainwater harvesting systems; around one quarter of these systems were damaged due to the cyclone and no longer functional. The purpose of this paper is to investigate social and organisational complexities in the resilience of water systems in Vanuatu following TC Pam, focussing on rural areas. Design/methodology/approach The resilience of water supply in rural responses to TC Pam was examined using the three following approaches: review of existing documents, a case study of a village and interviews with specialist local and international non-governmental organisation staff working in Vanuatu. Findings People’s reaction to the cyclone and its consequences at the village or community level in Vanuatu was impressive. The capacity of the locals, their involvement in the community and the low level of violence and high level of trust within society contributed to a quicker water supply restoration than expected. Despite severe shortages of water in some areas due to physical vulnerability of the system, the communities dealt with the issue calmly and the country did not experience any chaos due to water shortages. Originality/value The research results provide a benchmark for planners and decision makers in the South Pacific based on the social, organisational and technical dimensions of rural areas in Vanuatu that can be generalised to other countries in the region. This study also recommends potential tools to improve assessment of the role of social capital in fostering water supply resilience.

scholarly journals RAINWATER HARVESTING ON GREENHOUSE ROOF AND USE IN IRRIGATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Sedat Boyacı ◽  
Sinan Kartal
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Total Water Demand

Rainwater collection systems are alternative water supply methods providing environmental and economic benefits compared to traditional water supply methods used in arid and semi-arid climates with water shortages. Rainwater harvested in greenhouse roof by rain gutters can be used to irrigate and grow the plants cultivated in greenhouses. However, rain gutters and storage tanks in greenhouses should be of sufficient size to collect rainwater. Water consumption of plants in the greenhouse should be calculated correctly to determine the storage size in greenhouses. The amount of annual irrigation water harvested from rainfall in Kirsehir province where total rainfall is 388.3 l/m2 was determined as 349.57 l/m2 based on rainfall factor of 0.9. Total amount of irrigation water needed by the plants in the unheated greenhouse between April and September for single crop cultivation was 568.33 l/m2. The results revealed that 61.49% of irrigation water needed for plants can be met by rainwater harvesting. In addition, 47.74% of the total water demand of plants in the heated greenhouse where crops are grown throughout a year can be met by rainwater harvesting. The storage capacities needed for unheated and heated greenhouses were determined as 0.21 m3/m2 and 0.30 m3/m2 depending on the amount of rainwater harvested. The results showed that rainwater harvesting may contribute to the improvement of agricultural activities in water-scarce regions.

A 2050 Vision for Colorado's water supply future

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rowan ◽  
E. Hecox ◽  
S. Morea
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The State ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Projects ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Local Water

The last decade has brought many changes to Colorado's water supply outlook. Despite the recent economic recession, the state has experienced significant population growth, and Colorado's population is expected to nearly double within the next 40 years. Other pressures on Colorado's water supply include severe drought, a desire to meet multiple needs (i.e., municipal, environmental, recreational) with existing resources, and impacts to agriculture due to water shortages, urbanization, and transfers to new users. To address these challenges, the Colorado Water Conservation Board (CWCB) has undertaken a visioning process to explore solutions to these future water supply challenges. As part of this process, CWCB has led the state in identifying demand and supply strategies to meet the state's future water needs while considering agriculture and the environment. These strategies have been combined into varying portfolios that include methods such as conservation, local water projects, new Colorado River development, and agricultural transfers. This paper details the development and evaluation of these portfolios and describes stakeholder's efforts to balance meeting Colorado's water needs in the future.

Sustainability of Water Supplies in Provincial Egypt

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Supply Systems

Life, health and hygiene all depend on access to a plentiful supply of safe drinking water. Piped water supplies in rural Egypt are insufficient to meet the demands of the existing population. This situation is worsening due to the rapid population growth and failure of existing water supply systems. There are already areas of the country with severe piped water shortages. If corrective action is not taken soon densely populated villages will become vulnerable to outbreaks of waterborne diseases. Immediate action is needed to reverse the deterioration of water supply systems and to improve the benefits gained from capital works investments in the sector. This paper promotes the concept that sustainable water systems in rural Egypt depends on a central government and local unit partnership. Also needed are consumer bodies to determine user needs; local units to be given powers to manage the revenue and expenditure accounts; and the central government to concentrate on setting policies and guidelines, and assisting with the implementation of major capital works.

scholarly journals Stakeholder Expectation of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices: A Case Study of PWiK Rybnik, Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3337
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kuzior ◽  
Józef Ober ◽  
Janusz Karwot
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
External Stakeholders ◽  
Corporate Social

Practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR), especially in organizations providing key services, related to the supply of fuel, water and energy, are extremely important from the point of view of identifying stakeholders with the functioning of enterprises in line with the principles of a closed loop economy. The article discusses the origins and evolution of the concept of corporate social responsibility, with particular emphasis on the water supply and sewage industry. The research problem was the perception and expectations of stakeholders toward prosocial activities of PWiK Rybnik (Sewage and Water Supply Ltd. Rybnik). The hypothesis assumed in the study was that the external stakeholders of PWIK Rybnik positively assess the company’s involvement in the tasks carried out as part of corporate social responsibility, they notice the involvement in educational activities and additional initiatives of PWIK that improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. For the purpose of this study, a quantitative method was used. For the purpose of the survey, the authors’ questionnaire “Survey of customers’ opinions on the activities undertaken by PWiK Rybnik” was created. The surveys conducted confirmed the hypothesis that the external stakeholders of PWIK Rybnik positively assess the company’s involvement in the tasks performed as part of corporate social responsibility; they notice the involvement in educational activities and additional initiatives of PWIK that improve the quality of life of its inhabitants. The results of the research made it possible to formulate guidelines for the operation of water supply and sewage companies in accordance with corporate social responsibility in the light of the opinions of their stakeholders.

scholarly journals A Case Study in View of Developing Predictive Models for Water Supply System Management

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3305
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽  
Barbara Tchórzewska-Cieślak ◽  
Mohamed Eid
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
System Management ◽  
System A ◽  
Operational Failure ◽  
Operational Data

Initiated by a case study to assess the effectiveness of the modernisation actions undertaken in a water supply system, some R&D activities were conducted to construct a global predictive model, based on the available operational failure and recovery data. The available operational data, regarding the water supply system, are the pipes’ diameter, failure modes, materials, functional conditions, seasonality, and the number of failures and time-to-recover intervals. The operational data are provided by the water company responsible of the supply system. A predictive global model is proposed based on the output of the operational data statistical assessment. It should assess the expected effectiveness of decisions taken in support of the modernisation and the extension plan.

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