Urban impact on water bodies in the Luleå area, northern Sweden, and the role of redox processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Rentz ◽  
Björn Öhlander
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Land Uplift ◽  
Postglacial Land Uplift

Sediment and water from urban water bodies in the Luleå area, northern Sweden, were studied to determine the degree of contamination from metals and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, which are of main concern in urban stormwater, are enriched in all investigated bays. PAH concentrations were also found to be enriched. The water and sediment quality of the investigated water bodies depends on catchment area characteristics and emission impact, from point sources in particular. Water volume and turnover rate in the water bodies with low water levels and no surface runoff during wintertime, and ice covering during winter, contribute to anoxic conditions in the water column and sediments. The present redox conditions in the water bodies predominantly cause fixation of pollutants in the sediment due to formation of sulphides and slow oxidation of organic pollutants. Postglacial land uplift implies continuous changes in the environment, which can lead to changing redox conditions, thereby necessitating new risk assessments.

scholarly journals Climate Change Implications for Water Availability: A Case Study of Barcelona City

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwar Forero-Ortiz ◽  
Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽  
Robert Monjo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Data Set

Barcelona city has a strong dependence on the Ter and Llobregat reservoir system to provide drinking water. One main concern for the next century is a potential water scarcity triggered by a severe and persistent rainfall shortage. This is one of the climate-driven impacts studied within the EU funded project RESCCUE. To evaluate potential drought scenarios, the Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) hydrological model reproduces the water contributions by month that have reached the reservoirs, regarding the accumulated rainfall over each sub-basin, representing the available historical-observed water levels. For future scenarios, we adjusted the input data set using climate projections of rainfall time series data of the project RESCCUE. Local outputs from 9 different climate models were applied to simulate river basins’ responses to reservoirs’ incoming water volume. Analyzing these results, we obtained average trends of the models for each scenario, hypothetical extreme values, and quantification for changes in water availability. Future water availability scenarios for Barcelona central water sources showed a mean decrease close to 11% in comparison with the period 1971–2015, considering the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) climate change scenario in the year 2100. This research forecasts a slight downward trend in water availability from rainfall contributions from the mid-21st century. This planned future behavior does not mean that the annual water contributions are getting lower than the current ones, but rather, identifies an escalation in the frequency of drought cycles.

scholarly journals Long-term analysis of River Tisza water level data with regard to the ecological water demand of floodplain water bodies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
György Dévai ◽  
Martina Gyöngy ◽  
Csaba Berta ◽  
Ferenc Bogár ◽  
Imre Bogár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Floodplain Wetlands ◽  
Ecological Water Demand

One of the main threats of our time is the increasing water demand not only globally, but also locally. These are often met at the expense of ecological water demand, jeopardizing the structural and operational conditions necessary to maintain good ecological status in aquatic and wetland habitats. This is why it is of great importance to explore possible water retention options. In 2019, based on the long-term data series on the water level of River Tisza, we studied the frequency and extent of flooding in the floodplain between Tiszabercel and Gávavencsellő, where there are valuable wetlands, including a ‘sanctuary’-type backwater. This was necessary because recently the floodplains have undergone negative changes. Their water volume has gradually decreased, their valuable wildlife has become rarer, some of them have completely dried out in the autumn and even one of them has burned out. From the analysis of the examined 48-years data, it could be concluded that flooding was relatively frequent in the sampled area, but the extent of water coverage had no significant effect either in space or time. It was also found that only water levels above 700 cm (based on the water meter of Tiszabercel, 98.36 mBf) could adequately ensure that the water bodies are filled up and flushed out. However, there is little chance of this, because of four reasons: (1) water levels of this height are becoming rare; (2) the duration and height of high water levels are mostly short in time; (3) water levels of several water bodies are artificially decreased; (4) the drainage effect of the River Tisza – which has been significantly incised after the river regulation – prevails in the area. Due to all, in the future, there would be a great need to maintain the water levels in the floodplain wetlands as efficiently as possible after the floods – for which we have made specific proposals for the places and methods to preserve the ecologically necessary amount of water.

scholarly journals Lake and mire isolation data set for the estimation of post-glacial land uplift in Fennoscandia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 869-873
Author(s):  
Jari Pohjola ◽  
Jari Turunen ◽  
Tarmo Lipping
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Location ◽  
Land Uplift ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Postglacial Land Uplift ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Shoreline Displacement

Abstract. Postglacial land uplift is a complex process related to the continental ice retreat that took place about 10 000 years ago and thus started the viscoelastic response of the Earth's crust to rebound back to its equilibrium state. To empirically model the land uplift process based on past behaviour of shoreline displacement, data points of known spatial location, elevation and dating are needed. Such data can be obtained by studying the isolation of lakes and mires from the sea. Archaeological data on human settlements (i.e. human remains, fireplaces etc.) are also very useful as the settlements were indeed situated on dry land and were often located close to the coast. This information can be used to validate and update the postglacial land uplift model. In this paper, a collection of data underlying empirical land uplift modelling in Fennoscandia is presented. The data set is available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.905352 (Pohjola et al., 2019).

scholarly journals Predicting Water Availability in Water Bodies under the Influence of Precipitation and Water Management Actions Using VAR/VECM/LSTM

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Mohammad Afshar Alam ◽  
Saleha Mariyam ◽  
Bhavya Alankar ◽  
Ritu Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Forecast Error ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Forecast Error Variance ◽  
Water Treatments

Recently, awareness about the significance of water management has risen as population growth and global warming increase, and economic activities and land use continue to stress our water resources. In addition, global water sustenance efforts are crippled by capital-intensive water treatments and water reclamation projects. In this paper, a study of water bodies to predict the amount of water in each water body using identifiable unique features and to assess the behavior of these features on others in the event of shock was undertaken. A comparative study, using a parametric model, was conducted among Vector Autoregression (VAR), the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model for determining the change in water level and water flow of water bodies. Besides, orthogonalized impulse responses (OIR) and forecast error variance decompositions (FEVD) explaining the evolution of water levels and flow rates, the study shows the significance of VAR/VECM models over LSTM. It was found that on some water bodies, the VAR model gave reliable results. In contrast, water bodies such as water springs gave mixed results of VAR/VECM.

scholarly journals Combined Application of Real-Time Control and Green Technologies to Urban Drainage Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3432
Author(s):  
Margherita Altobelli ◽  
Sara Simona Cipolla ◽  
Marco Maglionico
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems

The increase in waterproof surfaces, a typical phenomenon of urbanization, on the one hand, reduces the volume of rainwater that naturally infiltrates the subsoil and, on the other, it determines the increase in speeds, flow rates, and outflow volume surface; at the same time, it causes a qualitative deterioration of the water. This study researched the optimal management of urban drainage systems via the combined application of real-time control and green technologies. A hydraulic model of the sewer system of the suburbs of Bologna (Italy) was set up using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to evaluate the reduction in water volume and the masses of pollutants discharged in water bodies. The combined application of these technologies allows significantly reducing both the pollutants released into the receiving water bodies and the overflow volumes, while optimizing the operation of the treatment plants. Green technologies cause an average reduction equal to 45% in volume and 53% of total suspended solids (TSS) sent to the receiver. The modeled cases represent only some of the possible configurations achievable on urban drainage systems; the combined use of different solutions could lead to further improvements in the overall functioning of the drainage system.

Postglacial Land Uplift and the Autonomous Åland Islands as a Demilitarized Zone

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-307
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Land Uplift ◽  
Demilitarized Zone ◽  
Postglacial Land Uplift ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe impact of postglacial land uplift on the geographical extent of the demilitarized zone of the autonomous Åland Islands is discussed. Ambiguities and inconsistencies in the Åland Convention, on the order of nautical miles, are revealed; they are due not only to the land uplift itself, but also to unclear definitions of coordinates. Further complications are caused by disagreements between the autonomy boundary and the demilitarization boundary. Suggestions for solving the problems are given, including minor amendments and clarifications of the Åland Convention, and also a minor amendment of the Autonomy Constitution of Åland.

scholarly journals Combining high-resolution satellite images and altimetry to estimate the volume of small lakes

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2007-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Baup ◽  
F. Frappart ◽  
J. Maubant
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Altimetry Data ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images

Abstract. This study presents an approach to determining the volume of water in small lakes (<100 ha) by combining satellite altimetry data and high-resolution (HR) images. In spite of the strong interest in monitoring surface water resources on a small scale using radar altimetry and satellite imagery, no information is available about the limits of the remote-sensing technologies for small lakes mainly used for irrigation purposes. The lake being studied is located in the south-west of France and is only used for agricultural irrigation purposes. The altimetry satellite data are provided by an RA-2 sensor onboard Envisat, and the high-resolution images (<10 m) are obtained from optical (Formosat-2) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) antenna (Terrasar-X and Radarsat-2) satellites. The altimetry data (data are obtained every 35 days) and the HR images (77) have been available since 2003 and 2010, respectively. In situ data (for the water levels and volumes) going back to 2003 have been provided by the manager of the lake. Three independent approaches are developed to estimate the lake volume and its temporal variability. The first two approaches (HRBV and ABV) are empirical and use synchronous ground measurements of the water volume and the satellite data. The results demonstrate that altimetry and imagery can be effectively and accurately used to monitor the temporal variations of the lake (R2ABV = 0.98, RMSEABV = 5%, R2HRBV = 0.90, and RMSEABV = 7.4%), assuming a time-varying triangular shape for the shore slope of the lake (this form is well adapted since it implies a difference inferior to 2% between the theoretical volume of the lake and the one estimated from bathymetry). The third method (AHRBVC) combines altimetry (to measure the lake level) and satellite images (of the lake surface) to estimate the volume changes of the lake and produces the best results (R2AHRBVC = 0.98) of the three methods, demonstrating the potential of future Sentinel and SWOT missions to monitor small lakes and reservoirs for agricultural and irrigation applications.

Time-lapse photography for monitoring reservoir leakages (Montejaque dam, Andalusia, southern Spain)

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago García-López ◽  
Verónica Ruiz-Ortiz ◽  
Juan José Muñoz-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Calcite Dissolution ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Use Of Time

Abstract A methodology based on the use of time-lapse photographs is presented to evaluate the leakages over time of a reservoir (Montejaque dam, Málaga Province, Spain) that feeds a karstic aquifer. In particular, photographic control allows the evolution of water levels in the dam and the river that feeds it to be monitored. Through changes in water volume, which are calculated from the level differences, daily leakages are evaluated, and the relationship between leakages and the water level of the reservoir is established. The proposed method includes adjusting the hydric balance and the use of digital terrain model and climate data. The inputs (river flow and direct precipitation) and other outputs (direct evaporation) are also evaluated. Values between 4 m3/s and 0.35 m3/s are obtained for the reservoir infiltration, clearly superior to the values obtained at the time of the construction of the dam in the 1920s. Mobilisation of the filling of fractures and conduits in karstic massif and calcite dissolution are processes that can influence this behaviour. When the water level is very low, the obtained values are below the historical leakages due to deposition of clay sediments at the reservoir bottom.

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