Time-lapse photography for monitoring reservoir leakages (Montejaque dam, Andalusia, southern Spain)

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago García-López ◽  
Verónica Ruiz-Ortiz ◽  
Juan José Muñoz-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Calcite Dissolution ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Use Of Time

Abstract A methodology based on the use of time-lapse photographs is presented to evaluate the leakages over time of a reservoir (Montejaque dam, Málaga Province, Spain) that feeds a karstic aquifer. In particular, photographic control allows the evolution of water levels in the dam and the river that feeds it to be monitored. Through changes in water volume, which are calculated from the level differences, daily leakages are evaluated, and the relationship between leakages and the water level of the reservoir is established. The proposed method includes adjusting the hydric balance and the use of digital terrain model and climate data. The inputs (river flow and direct precipitation) and other outputs (direct evaporation) are also evaluated. Values between 4 m3/s and 0.35 m3/s are obtained for the reservoir infiltration, clearly superior to the values obtained at the time of the construction of the dam in the 1920s. Mobilisation of the filling of fractures and conduits in karstic massif and calcite dissolution are processes that can influence this behaviour. When the water level is very low, the obtained values are below the historical leakages due to deposition of clay sediments at the reservoir bottom.

scholarly journals The Use of Digital Terrain Models to Estimate the Pace of Filling the Pit of a Central European Granite Quarry with Water

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2298
Author(s):  
Bartosz Jawecki ◽  
Szymon Szewrański ◽  
Radosław Stodolak ◽  
Zhaolong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Terrain Models

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the pace of filling one of the deepest European granite quarries with water. A DTM (digital terrain model) based on data from LiDAR ALS (light detection and ranging airborne laser scanning) was used to create a model of the pit of the Strzelin I granite quarry and to determine the reach and surface area of the direct catchment of the excavation pit. The increase in the volume of water in the excavation pit was determined. Analogue maps and DTM were used to calculate the maximum depth of the pit (113.3 m), its surface area (9.71 ha), and its capacity (5.1 million m3). The volume of water collected in the excavation pit during the years 2011–2018 was determined based on the analogue base map and the DTM. The result was 0.335 million m3. Based on the data made available by the mining company, the correlation of the DTM with the orthophotomap of the mining area and additional field measurements, the ordinates of the water level in the years 2011–2018 were determined. Initially, the water surface level in the quarry was located on the ordinate of 66.6 m a.s.l. (July 20, 2011). After the pumping of water was discontinued, the level rose to 96.1 m a.s.l. (January 28, 2018). The increase in the water volume in the quarry pit during specific periods was determined (actual retention increase). The obtained data on the volume of the retained water referred to the period during which it accumulated in the quarry. On average, the net increase in water retention in the excavation pit was 138.537 m3∙d−1, and the calculated net supply from the direct catchment (16.04 ha) was 101.758 m3∙d−1. The use of DTM and measurements of the water level in the excavation pit seem to be an efficient means of estimating the pace of spontaneous filling of the quarry with water supplied from the direct physiographic catchment.

scholarly journals Kabul River Flow Prediction Using Automated ARIMA Forecasting: A Machine Learning Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10720
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Musarat ◽  
Wesam Salah Alaloul ◽  
Muhammad Babar Ali Rabbani ◽  
Mujahid Ali ◽  
Muhammad Altaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Level ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Kabul River

The water level in a river defines the nature of flow and is fundamental to flood analysis. Extreme fluctuation in water levels in rivers, such as floods and droughts, are catastrophic in every manner; therefore, forecasting at an early stage would prevent possible disasters and relief efforts could be set up on time. This study aims to digitally model the water level in the Kabul River to prevent and alleviate the effects of any change in water level in this river downstream. This study used a machine learning tool known as the automatic autoregressive integrated moving average for statistical methodological analysis for forecasting the river flow. Based on the hydrological data collected from the water level of Kabul River in Swat, the water levels from 2011–2030 were forecasted, which were based on the lowest value of Akaike Information Criterion as 9.216. It was concluded that the water flow started to increase from the year 2011 till it reached its peak value in the year 2019–2020, and then the water level will maintain its maximum level to 250 cumecs and minimum level to 10 cumecs till 2030. The need for this research is justified as it could prove helpful in establishing guidelines for hydrological designers, the planning and management of water, hydropower engineering projects, as an indicator for weather prediction, and for the people who are greatly dependent on the Kabul River for their survival.

Spatial analysis of riverine microplastic in a Rhine floodplain soil in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Rolf ◽  
Martin G. J. Löder ◽  
Hannes Laermanns ◽  
Lukas Kienzler ◽  
Florian Steininger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Floodplain Soil ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Alluvial Floodplains

<p>The Rhine River flows through six European countries and is in exchange with diverse land use forms and human activities that potentially release microplastics (MPs). The Rhine interacts permanently with its surrounding banks and floodplains by changing water-levels. Several studies have documented the presence of MPs in the Rhine along its course as well as in its tributaries. However, the spatial distribution of MPs due to certain flood events in alluvial floodplains remains widely unclear. The knowledge about the amount and distribution of MPs and on their potential entry pathways into Rhine floodplains is essentially important for an ecological risk assessment. In this study, we analysed the amount and distribution of MPs in a floodplain soil in the nature reserve Merkenich-Langel, in the northern periphery of Cologne (Germany). We hypothesize that MPs are transported by the Rhine and are deposited at the site during flood events. For spatial analysis we used the MIKE software (DHI A/S, Hørsholm Denmark) merged with a digital terrain model of the study site to analyse past flood events and their potential deposition of MP. We chose three sampling transects located within the past flooded area each with three sampling spots with increasing distance and elevation to the river. Samples were taken from two different soil depths (0–5 cm and 5–20 cm) and the samples of the three sampling spots and same depth were combined to one mixed soil sample per transect. MP concentrations were analysed via ATR-FTIR and µ-FPA-FTIR spectroscopy after density separation and enzymatic-oxidative purification. We found an increase of MP concentration per kg of dry soil in the depth 5–20 cm with increasing distance to the river ranging from 25.612 particles/kg to 85.076 particles/kg. The results of MP concentration in 0–5 cm topsoil layer will be compared to the concentration in the soil depth of 5–20 cm. We correlate these results to the frequency of flood events.</p>

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN DTM HASIL FOTOGRAMETRI UAV UNTUK ESTIMASI KETINGGIAN GENANGAN AIR BANJIR HASIL DETEKSI CITRA SAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Hariady Indra Mantong
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Feature Matching ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Level Measurement

Utilization of The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or Drone has brought revolution in digital photogrammetry. The feature matching on surface reconstruction or Digital Surface Model (DSM) are quickly finished. However, DSM doesn’t represent itself as a part of topography, that is why DSM should be converted into Digital Terrain Model (DTM). This research is to investigate the accuracy of UAV photogrammetry’s DTM  for hydraulic modeling purpose. This study has produced 4 sets of DTMs; 2 sets of DTMs with different grid resolution which are 2 cm & 40 cm, also the 2 other sets of DTM with extra fine nature algorithm and set of filtering parameters adjustment; bulge, offset, spike and standard deviation. Every DTM are validated by Ground Control Point (GCP) from Real Time Kinematic-Different Global Positioning System (RTK-DGPS) measurement. According to the validation, the adjustment of filtering parameters is the most accurate method with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 6,17 cm for 2 cm resolution; and 5,22 cm for 40 cm resolution. Next, DTM UAV is used to estimate the flood water level from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Image detection with 46 flood images on Glane and Losser area, east part of Overijssel, The Netherlands, since October 2014 to December 2017, then validated with the insitu water level measurement and resulted RMSE 6,72 cm for set of UAV DTM’s 40 cm resolution with the filtering parameters adjustment. Therefore, this DTM UAV can be used as a topography parameter in hydraulic modeling, especially at the similar flat-surface terrain where this research have been conducted.  Keywords: UAV photogrammetry, SAR detection, DTM production

scholarly journals Impact of Uncertainty of Floodplain Digital Terrain Model on 1D Hydrodynamic Flow Calculation

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kiczko ◽  
Dorota Mirosław-Świątek
Keyword(s):  
Flow Model ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Spatial Dependency ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Model Explanation ◽  
High Uncertainty

This study investigates the effect of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) uncertainty effect on the output of a 1D flow model. The analysis is performed for the lowland river Biebrza, covered with dense wetland vegetation, with a high uncertainty of terrain elevations. The DTM uncertainty is modeled in two ways: (1) accounting for the uncertainty spatial dependency on the basis of the correlogram function and (2) neglecting the correlation of the elevation points. The model explanation of water levels improves when elevation uncertainty is being included. Without the elevation uncertainty, the model provided a good fit only for peak flows, with uncertainty also representation of lower flows is better. It was shown that the correlation of the elevation uncertainty had a noticeable effect on the modeling outcomes, especially for near bankfull flows, where for the uncorrelated case water levels were underestimated by 5 cm, comparing to the correlated case. The effect was also present for inundation extents, obtained by an interpolation of computed water levels. The correlation of the elevation uncertainty strongly affects estimates of standard deviations of computed water levels, which were almost twice smaller when correlation was neglected. In the result, only when the correlation of the elevation uncertainty was included, it was possible to obtain confidence bands that enclosed observation points.

scholarly journals Modélisation hydraulique du système Sebou-Fouarat, ville de Kenitra, Maroc - Cas des inondations de 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Abdellah Bourak ◽  
Abdelbasset Midaoui ◽  
Abderrahim Lahrach ◽  
Abdelkarim Elarrim ◽  
Abdel-Ali Chaouni
Keyword(s):  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Arc Gis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City

The city of Kenitra, located in the extreme downstream of the Sebou basin, is threatened by floods caused by the overflowing of the Oued Sebou and the rise of Oued Fouarat. The hydraulic modeling study of the Sebou Fouarat system in transient mode is carried out by the HEC-RAS software and has implicated the two rivers. Two geometric models were constructed on the basis of a digital terrain model (DTM) using the Arc-GIS and HECGeoRAS softwares after processing the collected topographic data. The first model, of which the areas of Merja Fouarat and Al Assam have been represented by cross-section, is one-dimensional. The second one is also onedimensional in which the two areas of Merja Fouarat and Al Assam are introduced as water storage zones. The components of these models are the stream sections, lateral links, storage areas and junctions between the branches of each model. The flood hydrographs of the Sebou and Fouarat rivers are introduced as conditions at the upstream limits of the models while the tidal is introduced as a downstream condition. After the stability and calibration of the models, the results of the consulted hydraulic simulations are the variations of the water levels as well as the temporal variations of the flow rates for each section, the maximum flow velocities and the propagation times of the flood waves. The analysis and comparisons of these results strongly suggest using the second model for the treatment of the flood issues as a decision-making tool helping to manage floods during times of crisis.

scholarly journals Short-Term Ecogeomorphic Evolution of a Fluvial Delta from Hindcasting Intertidal Marsh-Top Elevations (HIME)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
Brittany C. Smith ◽  
Kevan B. Moffett ◽  
David Mohrig
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Scientific Goal ◽  
Wax Lake Delta

Understanding how delta islands grow and change at contemporary, interannual timescales remains a key scientific goal and societal need, but the high-resolution, high frequency morphodynamic data that would be most useful for this are as yet logistically prohibitive. The recorded water levels needed for relative elevation analysis are also often lacking. This paper presents a new approach for hindcasting intertidal marsh-top elevations (HIME) to resolve ecogeomorphic change, even in a young, rapidly changing fluvial delta setting, at sub-decadal temporal resolution and at the spatial resolution of widely available optical remote sensing imagery (e.g., 30 m Landsat). The HIME method first calculates: (i) the probability of land exposure in a set of historical imagery from a user-defined discrete timespan (e.g., months or years); (ii) the probability of water level non-exceedance from water level records, which need not be complete nor coincident with the imagery; and (iii) the systematic variation in local mean water level with distance along the primary hydraulic gradient. The HIME method then combines these inputs to estimate a marsh-top elevation map for each historical timespan of interest. The method was developed, validated, applied, and results analyzed to investigate time-lapse evolution of the Wax Lake Delta in Louisiana, USA, every three years, over two decades (1993–2013). The hindcast maps of delta island extents and elevations evidenced ecogeomorphic system self-organization around four stable attractors, or elevation platforms, at about −0.3 m (subtidal), 0.2 m, 0.4 m, and 0.9 m (supratidal) NAVD88. The HIME results also yielded a time series of net subaerial sediment accumulation, and specific locations and magnitudes of gains and losses, at scales from 30 m to delta-wide (~100 km3) and 6 to 21 years. Average subaerial net sediment accumulation at the Wax Lake Delta (WLD) was estimated as 0.6 cm/yr during the study period. Finally, multiple linear regression models were successfully trained on the HIME elevation maps to model evolving delta island morphologies based on simple geometric factors, such as distance down-delta and position on a delta island; the models also successfully reproduced an average delta topset slope of 1.4 cm. Overall, this study’s development and application of the HIME method added detailed insights to recent, transient ecogeomorphological change at the WLD, and demonstrated the potential of the new approach for accurately reconstructing past intertidal topographies and dynamic change.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF A SIMPLE HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL TO ESTUARY ENTRANCE

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Errol J. McLean ◽  
Jon B. Hinwood
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Hydrodynamic Model ◽  
River Flow ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Level Gauge ◽  
Tidal Basin ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Eastern Australia

Tidal inlets which link a tidal basin to the sea via a constricted entrance are common on the south-east Australian coast. Closure, or even significant constriction, raises water levels but restricts tidal range within the basin, while open entrances provide regular and significant tidal exchange with the ocean. A rapid assessment procedure with minimal data requirements has been shown to be informative for monitoring and a useful component of any Decision Support System set up as part of a management structure. Such a system is presented in this paper. It is based on one permanent water level gauge inside the inlet plus the use of a simple, first-order hydrodynamic model to relate the tide range, mean water level and river flow to the inlet cross sectional area. The method is tested against data from the Snowy River Estuary in south-eastern Australia but would be suitable over a range of estuaries. In addition, the framework presented can also provide a mechanism to explore conditions over the range of expected data, thus allowing better selection of model schematization and runs in estuarine systems where the use of 2 or 3D modeling can be justified.

HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING AND ESTIMATION OF THE SEDIMENTS ACCUMULATION IN BOVILLA RESERVOIR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klodian Zaimi ◽  
Fatos Hoxhaj
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Land Cover Map ◽  
The One

Bovilla reservoir is the main source of water supply for around 1 million inhabitants in Tirana, the capital of Albania. The reservoir was created in 1998 from Bovilla Dam and belongs to the upper part of the Terkuza River catchment. The dam previously was planned in a smaller size for irrigation purposes. Intense erosion due to large deforestations followed by increasing nutrient run-off from cultivated land is a challenge for the Bovilla Dam management authority because it is influencing the water quality in daily use and decreasing the dam lifespan in long term. Zall Bastari stream transports high amounts of solid materials. Other streams show also a strong torrential character, after rainfall events the water level suddenly rises which leads to massive erosion. Daily meteorological parameters and 30 meters Digital Terrain Model is used together with Land Cover Map in the HEC-HSM hydrological model which is designed to simulate the complete hydrologic processes of watershed systems, including the erosion and sediment transport. The lack of water level and discharge data made impossible the calibration of the hydrological model. The creation of a new data series for the daily discharges was crucial for further analyzes of the sediment transport and accumulation into the reservoir. Bovilla basin has been divided into many sub-basins in order to better calculate the inflow at the reservoir. The lack of previous bathymetric data caused the usage of alternative ways to calculate total accumulated sediment into the reservoir instead of the classical way in lifespan analysis. The characteristics of the sediment in the sub-basins and in the riverbed have been defined through gradation curves got from some available data. Sediment yield has been evaluated based on the conditions of the previous 21 years, from the construction of the dam in 1996 to nowadays. The old storage curve has been interpolated to be compared with the one defined after the survey specifically done in 2017. The analysis was very important to understand the way haw are accumulated sediment into the reservoir but also their distribution through the reservoir bed.

scholarly journals Performance of automated methods for flash flood inundation mapping: a comparison of a digital terrain model (DTM) filling and two hydrodynamic methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 2979-2995
Author(s):  
Nabil Hocini ◽  
Olivier Payrastre ◽  
François Bourgin ◽  
Eric Gaume ◽  
Philippe Davy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Inundation Mapping ◽  
Flood Inundation Mapping ◽  
Automated Methods

Abstract. Flash floods observed in headwater catchments often cause catastrophic material and human damage worldwide. Considering the large number of small watercourses possibly affected, the use of automated methods for flood inundation mapping at a regional scale can be of great help for the identification of threatened areas and the prediction of potential impacts of these floods. An application of three mapping methods of increasing level of complexity is presented herein, including a digital terrain model (DTM) filling approach (height above nearest drainage/Manning–Strickler or HAND/MS) and two hydrodynamic methods (caRtino 1D and Floodos 2D). These methods are used to estimate the flooded areas of three major flash floods observed during the last 10 years in southeastern France, i.e., the 15 June 2010 flooding of the Argens river and its tributaries (585 km of river reaches), the 3 October 2015 flooding of small coastal rivers of the French Riviera (131 km of river reaches) and the 15 October 2018 flooding of the Aude river and its tributaries (561 km of river reaches). The common features of the three mapping approaches are their high level of automation, their application based on a high-resolution (5 m) DTM, and their reasonable computation times. Hydraulic simulations are run in steady-state regime, based on peak discharges estimated using a rainfall–runoff model preliminarily adjusted for each event. The simulation results are compared with the reported flood extent maps and the high water level marks. A clear grading of the tested methods is revealed, illustrating some limits of the HAND/MS approach and an overall better performance of hydraulic models which solve the shallow water equations. With these methods, a good retrieval of the inundated areas is illustrated by critical success index (CSI) median values close to 80 %, and the errors on water levels remain mostly below 80 cm for the 2D Floodos approach. The most important remaining errors are related to limits of the DTM, such as the lack of bathymetric information, uncertainties on embankment elevation, and possible bridge blockages not accounted for in the models.

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