scholarly journals A GIS-based tool for distribution system data integration and analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Trépanier ◽  
Vincent Gauthier ◽  
Marie-Claude Besner ◽  
Miche`le Pre´vost
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
System Data

The causes of water quality problems in distribution systems are difficult to identify because they can be related to numerous sources. A tool has been developed to integrate and analyse water distribution system data with the help of geographical information system (GIS) technologies. This approach uses a flexible software architecture to gather data on distribution system structural elements, water quality sampling and especially distribution system events, all of which can be key to explaining water quality problems. The tool has been applied to five water utilities in North America and Europe, all with different data formats and data gathering practices. The approach was successful in explaining about 40% of positive coliform samples at the Laval (Quebec) utility. It also led to better data quality and responsiveness at the utilities.

scholarly journals Water quality event detection and customer complaint clustering analysis in distribution systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mounce ◽  
John Machell ◽  
Joby Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Historic Data

Safe, clean drinking water is a foundation of society and water quality monitoring can contribute to ensuring this. A case study application of the CANARY software to historic data from a UK drinking water distribution system is described. Sensitivity studies explored appropriate choice of algorithmic parameter settings for a baseline site, performance was evaluated with artificial events and the system then transferred to all sites. Results are presented for analysis of nine water quality sensors measuring six parameters and deployed in three connected district meter areas (DMAs), fed from a single water source (service reservoir), for a 1 year period and evaluated using comprehensive water utility records with 86% of event clusters successfully correlated to causes (spatially limited to DMA level). False negatives, defined by temporal clusters of water quality complaints in the pilot area not corresponding to detections, were only approximately 25%. It was demonstrated that the software could be configured and applied retrospectively (with potential for future near real time application) to detect various water quality event types (with a wider remit than contamination alone) for further interpretation.

Determination of cast iron pipe wall decay coefficient for combined chlorine in a municipal water distribution system

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan J. Liu ◽  
Stephen Craik ◽  
David Z. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Decay Coefficient ◽  
Municipal Water

Predicting disinfectant concentrations in water distribution systems using water quality models requires the input of the wall decay coefficient of the disinfectant. In this study, field water sampling data was integrated with network hydraulic and water quality model simulations of a section of the municipal water distribution system in the City of Edmonton, composed of predominantly cast iron piping, to determine a wall decay coefficient for combined chlorine (chloramine). Unique combined chlorine wall decay coefficients that provided the best fit of model-predicted chlorine concentrations to the field data were determined at two temperatures. Using the determined wall decay coefficients, the water quality model can be used to predict combined chlorine concentrations.

scholarly journals Analytical Solutions to Conservative and Non-Conservative Water Quality Constituents in Water Distribution System Storage Tanks

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3502
Author(s):  
Biniam Abrha ◽  
Avi Ostfeld
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Water Quality Simulation ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Critical Components

Water storage tanks are one of the primary and most critical components of water distribution systems (WDSs), which aim to manage water supply by maintaining pressure. In addition, storage provides a surplus source of water in case of an emergency. To gain the mentioned advantages, storage tanks are incorporated in most WDSs. Despite these advantages, storage can also pose negative impacts on water quality, thereby affecting water utilities. Water quality problems are a result of longer residency times and inadequate water mixing. This study aimed to construct a model of a tank’s water quantity and quality by formulating and solving governing equations based on inlet/outlet configurations and processes that influence the movement of water and chemical substances inside it. We used a compartment model to characterize the mixing behavior inside a tank. A water quality simulation model with different compartment arrangements was explored for extended filling and draining of storage, which was further validated using a previously published case study.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Spatially Variable Demand Patterns on Water Distribution System Design and Operation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kegong Diao ◽  
Robert Sitzenfrei ◽  
Wolfgang Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
System Design ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Demand Patterns

Resilient water distribution systems (WDSs) need to minimize the level of service failure in terms of magnitude and duration over its design life when subject to exceptional conditions. This requires WDS design to consider scenarios as close as possible to real conditions of the WDS to avoid any unexpected level of service failure in future operation (e.g., insufficient pressure, much higher operational cost, water quality issues, etc.). Thus, this research aims at exploring the impacts of design flow scenarios (i.e., spatial-variant demand patterns) on water distribution system design and operation. WDSs are traditionally designed by using a uniform demand pattern for the whole system. Nevertheless, in reality, the patterns are highly related to the number of consumers, service areas, and the duration of peak flows. Thus, water distribution systems are comprised of distribution blocks (communities) organized in a hierarchical structure. As each community may be significantly different from the others in scale and water use, the WDSs have spatially variable demand patterns. Hence, there might be considerable variability of real flow patterns for different parts of the system. Consequently, the system operation might not reach the expected performance determined during the design stage, since all corresponding facilities are commonly tailor-made to serve the design flow scenario instead of the real situation. To quantify the impacts, WDSs’ performances under both uniform and spatial distributed patterns are compared based on case studies. The corresponding impacts on system performances are then quantified based on three major metrics; i.e., capital cost, energy cost, and water quality. This study exemplifies that designing a WDS using spatial distributed demand patterns might result in decreased life-cycle cost (i.e., lower capital cost and nearly the same pump operating cost) and longer water ages. The outcomes of this study provide valuable information regarding design and operation of water supply infrastructures; e.g., assisting the optimal design.

Using a comprehensive model to identify the major mechanisms of chloramine decay in distribution systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Woolschlager ◽  
B. Rittmann ◽  
P. Piriou ◽  
L. Kiene ◽  
B. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Reaction Model ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
System Data ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions

The principle mechanisms of chloramine residual decay in drinking water distribution systems is examined using a comprehensive model of chloramine reactions calibrated to distribution system data. The results reveal that four principle chloramine decay mechanisms must be considered, including: reactions with hypochlorous acid/ion (HOCl/OCl-); an auto- catalytic reaction in which chloramines spontaneously decay in the absence of other reactants; oxidation reactions with reduced forms of organics and iron; and biologically-catalyzed reactions, such as the reactions with nitrite produced by nitrifiers as well as the direct cometabolism of chloramines by nitrifiers. The chloramine reaction model fits the distribution system data best when all of these reactions, including cometabolism of chloramines by nitrifiers, are included in the model.

scholarly journals Assessment of probable causes of chlorine decay in water distribution systems of Gaborone city, Botswana

Water SA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2 April) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Nono ◽  
Phillimon T Odirile ◽  
Innocent Basupi ◽  
Bhagabat P Parida
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
Chlorine Decay

Assessment of probable causes of chlorine decay in water distribution systems of Gaborone city, Botswana Gaborone city water distribution system (GCWDS) is rapidly expanding and has been faced with the major problems of high water losses due to leakage, water shortages due to drought and inadequate chlorine residuals at remote areas of the network. This study investigated the probable causes of chlorine decay, due to pipe wall conditions and distribution system water quality in the GCWDS. An experimental approach, which applied a pipe-loop network model to estimate biofilm growth and chlorine reaction rate constants, was used to analyse pipe wall chlorine decay. Also, effects of key water quality parameters on chlorine decay were analysed. The water quality parameters considered were: natural organic matter (measured by total organic carbon, TOC; dissolved organic carbon, DOC; and ultraviolet absorbance at wavelength 254, UVA-254, as surrogates), inorganic compounds (iron and manganese) and heterotrophic plate count (HPC). Samples were collected from selected locations in the GCWDS for analysis of water quality parameters. The results of biofilm growth and chlorine reaction rate constants revealed that chlorine decay was higher in pipe walls than in the bulk of water in the GCWDS. The analysis of key water quality parameters revealed the presence of TOC, DOC and significant levels of organics (measured by UVA-254), which suggests that organic compounds contributed to chlorine decay in the GCWDS. However, low amounts of iron and manganese (< 0.3 mg/L) indicated that inorganic compounds may have had insignificant contributions to chlorine decay. The knowledge gained on chlorine decay would be useful for improving water treatment and network operating conditions so that appropriate chlorine residuals are maintained to protect the network from the risks of poor water quality that may occur due to the aforementioned problems.

scholarly journals Water Quality Correction Within Water Distribution System

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kowalski ◽  
Beata Kowalska ◽  
Ewa Hołota ◽  
Artur Choma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Secondary Contamination

Abstract Water suppliers can be treated as production companies whose main product is water delivered to their customers. The article presents problems connected with management of such companies in the conditions of secondary contamination in water distribution systems. This phenomenon exists in water networks all over the world. Its’ presence is particularly visible in countries of former communistic block. In the article particular attention was devoted to the issue of water quality correction in the analysed systems. In the case of water distribution systems, former quality correction methods consisted in special treatment of water pumped into the system, flushing and cleaning of water pipes. In both these cases identification of water quality deficiencies resulted in significant water loss. The situation reflects management processes applied in the manufacturing industry of the 1940s. The authors of this paper put forward the concept of three water quality correction methods which would not entail such considerable water loss. The methods in question are intended for different network types. The implementation of proposed solutions could set new standards in management of distribution systems of water providers.

scholarly journals Real-Time Continuous Surveillance of Temperature and Flow Events Presents a Novel Monitoring Approach for Hospital and Healthcare Water Distribution Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Whiley ◽  
Jason Hinds ◽  
James Xi ◽  
Richard Bentham
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

Within hospitals and healthcare facilities opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) are a major and preventable cause of healthcare-acquired infections. This study presents a novel approach for monitoring building water quality using real-time surveillance of parameters measured at thermostatic mixing valves (TMVs) across a hospital water distribution system. Temperature was measured continuously in real-time at the outlet of 220 TMVs located across a hospital over a three-year period and analysis of this temperature data was used to identify flow events. This real-time temperature and flow information was then compared with microbial water quality. Water samples were collected randomly from faucets over the three-year period. These were tested for total heterotrophic bacteria, Legionella spp. and L. pneumophila. A statistically significant association with total heterotrophic bacteria concentrations and the number of flow events seven days prior (rs[865] = −0.188, p < 0.01) and three days prior to sampling (rs[865] = −0.151, p < 0.01) was observed, with decreased heterotrophic bacteria linked to increased flushing events. Only four samples were positive for Legionella and statistical associations could not be determined; however, the environmental conditions for these four samples were associated with higher heterotrophic counts. This study validated a simple and effective remote monitoring approach to identifying changes in water quality and flagging high risk situations in real-time. This provides a complementary surveillance strategy that overcomes the time delay associated with microbial culture results. Future research is needed to explore the use of this monitoring approach as an indicator for different opportunistic pathogens.

An integrated approach to assess the causes of water quality failures in the distribution system of Caen

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Jaeger ◽  
V. Gauthier ◽  
M.-C. Besner ◽  
B. Viret ◽  
R. Toulorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution System Operation ◽  
Local Water

Understanding the reasons for water quality failures in drinking water distribution systems has become a priority for network managers. The proposed approach provides a unique tool for assessing the consequences of water supply changes and the consequences of distribution system operation and maintenance on the quality of distributed water. Its main benefit is to help the water producer understand the origins of local water quality problems, and consequently to eliminate them from their distribution system.

scholarly journals Energy efficiency in water distribution systems – a path to an ideal network: AGS experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Feliciano ◽  
R. Almeida ◽  
A. Santos ◽  
A. Ganhão ◽  
D. Covas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Planning Stage

Infrastructure asset management (IAM) gave a step forward in Portuguese water utilities due to recent legal obligations in developing IAM plans. An effort was made by AGS (Administração e Gestão de Sistemas de Salubridade, S.A.), private operator in 17 water utilities, to achieve a higher level of managing data. Data management was an important hurdle to be overcome in order to accurately assess performance indicators. An appropriate bridge to be made is the link between IAM methodological processes and current operational management; this link is crucial when alternative solutions are defined in the planning stage and decisions need to be made. In the past, through continuously hydraulic modelling collaborative projects, AGS achieved sufficient maturity in several processes, such as (a) update network maps, (b) link geographical information system with other information systems, and (c) profiling consumption demand. Nowadays, concerns related with energy savings are gaining importance; concepts as energy efficiency, reducing carbon footprint and gas emissions should be followed. This paper describes an approach to energy assessment in a real water distribution system, where performance indicators associated with energy efficiency were computed for three different operational alternatives. Results considering a balance between cost and performance dimensions were assessed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document