scholarly journals Prevalence of Trichinella britovi in muscle tissue samples from foxes from Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 681-685
Author(s):  
Jan Wiśniewski ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot ◽  
Blanka Orłowska ◽  
Janusz Bogdan ◽  
Mirosław Welz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sample Digestion ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Pooled Sample

The aim of the study was to detect Trichinella larvae in muscle tissue samples of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) living in Podkarpackie Voivodeship and to determine their species composition. Muscle tissue samples had been collected from a total number of 139 red foxes culled during 2011-2012 in Podkarpackie Voivodeship and studied for the presence of Trichinella. Ten-gram muscle tissue samples were collected from each animal, combined into a fifty-gram pooled sample and then tested for the presence of Trichinella by the reference method for pooled sample digestion with a magnetic stirrer. Whenever a pooled sample gave a positive result, the suspected animals were resampled, and each ten-gram muscle tissue sample was tested separately. Trichinella larvae were identified to species by Multiplex PCR. The studies revealed the presence of one Trichinella larva in a pooled sample composed of five individual samples from foxes culled in the following locations: Leszczowate in Bieszczadzki District (one sample), Szczutków in Lubaczowski District (two samples), Podemszczyzna in Lubaczowski District (one sample) and Strzyżów in Strzyżowski District (one sample). No Trichinella larvae were detected during the test carried out on individual samples that composed the pooled sample. Numerous Trichinella larvae were found in samples from 4 foxes coming from Berezka and Glinka in Leski District, Dybawka in Przemyski District, and Golcowa in Brzozowski District. All Trichinella larvae isolated from the foxes belonged to the species T. britovi. The study confirmed the role of foxes as an important vector of Trichinella larvae circulating in the habitat of humans and animals. T. britovi is a species occurring most frequently in the fox population.

scholarly journals First report of Angiostrongylus vasorum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265
Author(s):  
P. Gavrilović ◽  
I. Todorović ◽  
I. Pavlović ◽  
A. Živulj
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Present Finding ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Reservoir Species ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
The Right

Angiostrongylosis caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging disease in Europe and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is considered as a main reservoir species for this parasite. Since there have been no reports of A. vasorum in red foxes in Serbia at the time of carrying out our investigations, the aim of the investigations was to explore the role of red foxes in South Banat (northern Serbia) as reservoirs for A. vasorum. Legally hunted foxes were autopsied in the Veterinary Specialised Institute “Pančevo”. The heart, lungs and pulmonary artery were examined macroscopically for evidence of gross lesions and for the presence of adult specimens of A. vasorum. Impression smears of the changed lung tissue were examined microscopically for the presence of first stage larvae of A. vasorum and histopathological examination was performed on lung samples. Out of 24 examined foxes hunted in different locations, 13 had lesions manifested in the lungs, which were suspected to be indicative of angiostrongylosis. In the majority of the foxes distal parts of the pulmonary lobes were swollen, firm, and discoloured to dark-red, dark-yellow and darkbrown. The characteristic lesions in distal parts of the pulmonary lobes were completely consistent with the presence of adult parasites in the right heart and pulmonary arteries, and with the presence of the first stage larvae in the impression smears. The present finding contributes to the knowledge of geographic distribution of angiostrongylosis in red foxes in Europe and provides valuable information that should raise awareness in veterinarians to consider this parasitosis in dogs with signs of cardiopulmonary diseases.

Epidemiology of Toxocara canis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from urban areas of Bristol

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Richards ◽  
S. Harris ◽  
J. W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Autumn And Winter

SUMMARYA descriptive epidemiological survey was undertaken of the ascarid nematode Toxocara canis in 521 red foxes (vulpes, vulpes) during the period January 1986 to July 1990. Age–prevalence and age–intensity profiles show that worm are significantly higher in cubs than in subadult or adult foxes and higher in subadult than in adult foxes. variations in worm burdens occur, with the highest prevalences and intensities being found during the spring, when are born, and in the summer months. Prevalences and intensities then decrease during the autumn and winter months both subadult and adult foxes, but, during this period, prevalences are significantly higher in male than in female Variations in worm burdens in the fox population are likely to be related to the reproductive cycle of the fox, with proportion of cubs becoming infected in utero. The role of the fox in the transmission of T. canis in the urban environment is discussed.

scholarly journals Identification of Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations in Head and Neck Metastatic Malignant Melanoma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vithushiya Yoganandarajah ◽  
Josie Patel ◽  
Bede van Schaijik ◽  
Nicholas Bockett ◽  
Helen D. Brasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Two Samples

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in many cancer types. This study identified and characterized CSCs in head and neck metastatic malignant melanoma (HNmMM) to regional lymph nodes using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) markers. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining performed on 20 HNmMM tissue samples demonstrated expression of iPSC markers OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC in all samples while NANOG was expressed at low levels in two samples. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining demonstrated an OCT4+/SOX2+/KLF4+/c-MYC+ CSC subpopulation within the tumor nests (TNs) and another within the peritumoral stroma (PTS) of HNmMM tissues. IF also showed expression of NANOG by some OCT4+/SOX2+/KLF4+/c-MYC+ cells within the TNs in an HNmMM tissue sample that expressed NANOG on IHC staining. In situ hybridization (n=6) and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n=5) on the HNmMM samples confirmed expression of all five iPSC markers. Western blotting of four primary cell lines derived from four of the 20 HNmMM tissue samples showed expression of SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC but not OCT4 and NANOG, and three of these cell lines formed tumorspheres in vitro. We demonstrate the presence of two putative CSC subpopulations within HNmMM, which may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of this aggressive cancer.

Detecting Trichinella infections using inverse microscopy and an improved larval counting technique

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Makrutzki ◽  
K. Riehn ◽  
A. Hamedy ◽  
D. Petroff ◽  
D. Hasenclever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Optical Path ◽  
False Negative Result ◽  
Sample Digestion ◽  
Counting Technique ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Analytical Time ◽  
Pooled Sample

AbstractSeveral methods for the detection of Trichinella in meat are legally prescribed in regulation (EC) No 2075/2005, which prescribes the magnetic stirrer method for pooled sample digestion (MSM) as the reference method. However, the MSM's multistage protocol requires several preparatory steps that seem to be accountable for the loss of larvae. Here we present a modified MSM (mMSM) based on: (1) an inversion of the optical path using inverse microscopy; and (2) a modified larval counting basin (mLCB, ‘Trichoview’). This enables one to examine samples of up to 40 ml and reduces the examination area from 72 to 10.3 cm2. Preparatory steps that might cause the loss of Trichinella larvae are eliminated from the new protocol. Correspondingly, the overall analytical time is reduced. In a direct and blinded comparison using 60 digest samples containing spiked vital Trichinella larvae (1–90 L1), both methods performed well for both small and large numbers of L1. However, 1278 of 1285 L1 (99.4%) were detected using the mMSM, while MSM recovered only 1225 L1 (95.3%). The improvement stems largely from samples with small numbers of L1: in all samples spiked with fewer than 10 L1, the recovery rate of mMSM was 100% compared to only 93% with MSM. Our data suggest that the use of the mMSM can improve the recovery rate by about 4% and therefore reduce the chances of a false-negative result in a sample containing 5 larvae by a factor of about 4.

scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Survey of Serious Intracellular Coccidia in Red Foxes in Eastern Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Reiterová ◽  
S. Špilovská ◽  
A. Čobádiová
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
High Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infected Prey

Abstract We tested the sera or meat juices of 215 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), collected during 2009-2014 at different localities of Eastern Slovakia for the presence of anti- Toxoplasma and anti-Neospora antibodies. We also examined the brains or muscle tissues and uncoagulated blood samples for the presence of both parasite’s DNA. The mean seropositivity to T. gondii was 72.6% (95% Confidence Interval CI 66.1-78.4) and to N. caninum 33.9% (95% CI 27.7-40.7). We observed higher Toxoplasmaseropositivity in adults (71.1%) than in juveniles (60.0%). Neospora-seropositivity was almost the same in both age groups about of 30%. In general, we observed less frequently the DNA of parasites, T. gondii (14.5%) and N. caninum (20.3%) in the tissue samples and uncoagulated blood samples. Coccidioses are considerably common in red foxes and circulate in locations of Eastern Slovakia. The high infection rate in foxes is probably due to their infected prey. On the other hand, the contamination of the environment with oocysts and their subsequent transfer to other farm and wild animals is also possible.

scholarly journals First evidence of tick-borne protozoan pathogens, Babesia sp. and Hepatozoon canis, in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem Juwaid ◽  
Ratko Sukara ◽  
Aleksandra Penezić ◽  
Darko Mihaljica ◽  
Gorana Veinović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Babesia Species ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Enzootic Cycle

Tick-borne haematozoans cause severe diseases in domestic animals, and some of them have zoonotic potential. The results of previous studies in Europe point to the important role of foxes in natural endemic cycles of several tick-borne pathogens, including protozoa. The aim of the present research was to acquire information on the prevalence and distribution of tick-borne protozoan parasites among foxes in Serbia. Legally hunted foxes from 14 localities throughout Serbia were analysed. Spleen samples were collected from 129 animals and tested for the presence of Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. by PCR. In total, 79/129 (61.2%) of the tested foxes were positive for H. canis, while the presence of two Babesia species was confirmed: B. vulpes (37/129, 28.7%) and B. canis (1/129, 0.8%). Coinfection with B. vulpes and H. canis was present in 26/129 (20.2%) foxes and one animal (1/129, 0.8%) was co-infected by B. canis and H. canis. The results of this study indicate the important role of foxes in the epizootiology of B. vulpes and H. canis in the Republic of Serbia and stress the need for further research to clarify all elements of the enzootic cycle of the detected pathogens, including other reservoirs, vectors, and transmission routes.

scholarly journals Identification of Cancer Stem Cell Subpopulations in Head and Neck Metastatic Malignant Melanoma

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vithushiya Yoganandarajah ◽  
Josie Patel ◽  
Bede van Schaijik ◽  
Nicholas Bockett ◽  
Helen D. Brasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Two Samples

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in many cancer types. This study identified and characterized CSCs in head and neck metastatic malignant melanoma (HNmMM) to regional lymph nodes using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) markers. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining performed on 20 HNmMM tissue samples demonstrated expression of iPSC markers OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC in all samples, while NANOG was expressed at low levels in two samples. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining demonstrated an OCT4+/SOX2+/KLF4+/c-MYC+ CSC subpopulation within the tumor nests (TNs) and another within the peritumoral stroma (PTS) of HNmMM tissues. IF also showed expression of NANOG by some OCT4+/SOX2+/KLF4+/c-MYC+ cells within the TNs in an HNmMM tissue sample that expressed NANOG on IHC staining. In situ hybridization (n = 6) and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n = 5) on the HNmMM samples confirmed expression of all five iPSC markers. Western blotting of primary cell lines derived from four of the 20 HNmMM tissue samples showed expression of SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC but not OCT4 and NANOG, and three of these cell lines formed tumorspheres in vitro. We demonstrate the presence of two putative CSC subpopulations within HNmMM, which may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of this aggressive cancer.

Do helminths increase the vulnerability of released pheasants to fox predation?

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Millán ◽  
C. Gortázar ◽  
P. Tizzani ◽  
F.J. Buenestado
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Experimental Release ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe success of ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) restocking in Asturias, northern Spain was assessed, and the role of parasites and predators in the mortality of released birds was studied. The experimental release of 56 radio-tagged pheasants showed that 98% of birds died within 12 days. As soon as 72 h after release, 67.5% of males and 55.0% of females were found dead. Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) killed 63% of the birds. The survival of those birds killed by foxes was lower than for birds which died due to other causes, and pheasants depositing eggs of the nematode Eucoleus contortus (Creplin, 1839) survived less than those apparently non-parasitized. No impact of the parasite on the pheasants' condition was found, but foxes preyed upon parasitized birds more than expected by random. The results suggest that: (i) the current pheasant releases in this area are unsuccessful and need to be improved; (ii) this is mainly due to intense predation by red foxes; and (iii) parasites could have some influence on the predation of released birds by foxes. However, the way parasites affect pheasant vulnerability remains unclear.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cryptosporidium Spp. and Giardia Duodenalis in Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Hodžić ◽  
Amer Alić ◽  
Jasmin Omeragić
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Source Of Infection

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis among free-living red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For this purpose, a total of 123 fecal samples from red foxes, shot during hunting seasons between January 2011 and March 2012 were examined using immunofluorescent microscopy. Overall, observed prevalences of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were 3.2 % (4/123) and 7.3% (9/123), respectively. The results show that foxes might play the role of potential reservoirs of Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites, but further molecular analysis are necessary to elucidate the source of infection, routes of transmission and zoonotic potential of these two pathogens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document