Do helminths increase the vulnerability of released pheasants to fox predation?

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Millán ◽  
C. Gortázar ◽  
P. Tizzani ◽  
F.J. Buenestado
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Experimental Release ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe success of ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) restocking in Asturias, northern Spain was assessed, and the role of parasites and predators in the mortality of released birds was studied. The experimental release of 56 radio-tagged pheasants showed that 98% of birds died within 12 days. As soon as 72 h after release, 67.5% of males and 55.0% of females were found dead. Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) killed 63% of the birds. The survival of those birds killed by foxes was lower than for birds which died due to other causes, and pheasants depositing eggs of the nematode Eucoleus contortus (Creplin, 1839) survived less than those apparently non-parasitized. No impact of the parasite on the pheasants' condition was found, but foxes preyed upon parasitized birds more than expected by random. The results suggest that: (i) the current pheasant releases in this area are unsuccessful and need to be improved; (ii) this is mainly due to intense predation by red foxes; and (iii) parasites could have some influence on the predation of released birds by foxes. However, the way parasites affect pheasant vulnerability remains unclear.

scholarly journals First report of Angiostrongylus vasorum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265
Author(s):  
P. Gavrilović ◽  
I. Todorović ◽  
I. Pavlović ◽  
A. Živulj
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Present Finding ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Reservoir Species ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
The Right

Angiostrongylosis caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging disease in Europe and the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is considered as a main reservoir species for this parasite. Since there have been no reports of A. vasorum in red foxes in Serbia at the time of carrying out our investigations, the aim of the investigations was to explore the role of red foxes in South Banat (northern Serbia) as reservoirs for A. vasorum. Legally hunted foxes were autopsied in the Veterinary Specialised Institute “Pančevo”. The heart, lungs and pulmonary artery were examined macroscopically for evidence of gross lesions and for the presence of adult specimens of A. vasorum. Impression smears of the changed lung tissue were examined microscopically for the presence of first stage larvae of A. vasorum and histopathological examination was performed on lung samples. Out of 24 examined foxes hunted in different locations, 13 had lesions manifested in the lungs, which were suspected to be indicative of angiostrongylosis. In the majority of the foxes distal parts of the pulmonary lobes were swollen, firm, and discoloured to dark-red, dark-yellow and darkbrown. The characteristic lesions in distal parts of the pulmonary lobes were completely consistent with the presence of adult parasites in the right heart and pulmonary arteries, and with the presence of the first stage larvae in the impression smears. The present finding contributes to the knowledge of geographic distribution of angiostrongylosis in red foxes in Europe and provides valuable information that should raise awareness in veterinarians to consider this parasitosis in dogs with signs of cardiopulmonary diseases.

Epidemiology of Toxocara canis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from urban areas of Bristol

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Richards ◽  
S. Harris ◽  
J. W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Autumn And Winter

SUMMARYA descriptive epidemiological survey was undertaken of the ascarid nematode Toxocara canis in 521 red foxes (vulpes, vulpes) during the period January 1986 to July 1990. Age–prevalence and age–intensity profiles show that worm are significantly higher in cubs than in subadult or adult foxes and higher in subadult than in adult foxes. variations in worm burdens occur, with the highest prevalences and intensities being found during the spring, when are born, and in the summer months. Prevalences and intensities then decrease during the autumn and winter months both subadult and adult foxes, but, during this period, prevalences are significantly higher in male than in female Variations in worm burdens in the fox population are likely to be related to the reproductive cycle of the fox, with proportion of cubs becoming infected in utero. The role of the fox in the transmission of T. canis in the urban environment is discussed.

Wild Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as Sentinels of Parasitic Diseases in the Province of Soria, Northern Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Lledó ◽  
Consuelo Giménez-Pardo ◽  
José Vicente Saz ◽  
José Luis Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Red Foxes

scholarly journals Prevalence of Trichinella britovi in muscle tissue samples from foxes from Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 681-685
Author(s):  
Jan Wiśniewski ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot ◽  
Blanka Orłowska ◽  
Janusz Bogdan ◽  
Mirosław Welz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sample Digestion ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Pooled Sample

The aim of the study was to detect Trichinella larvae in muscle tissue samples of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) living in Podkarpackie Voivodeship and to determine their species composition. Muscle tissue samples had been collected from a total number of 139 red foxes culled during 2011-2012 in Podkarpackie Voivodeship and studied for the presence of Trichinella. Ten-gram muscle tissue samples were collected from each animal, combined into a fifty-gram pooled sample and then tested for the presence of Trichinella by the reference method for pooled sample digestion with a magnetic stirrer. Whenever a pooled sample gave a positive result, the suspected animals were resampled, and each ten-gram muscle tissue sample was tested separately. Trichinella larvae were identified to species by Multiplex PCR. The studies revealed the presence of one Trichinella larva in a pooled sample composed of five individual samples from foxes culled in the following locations: Leszczowate in Bieszczadzki District (one sample), Szczutków in Lubaczowski District (two samples), Podemszczyzna in Lubaczowski District (one sample) and Strzyżów in Strzyżowski District (one sample). No Trichinella larvae were detected during the test carried out on individual samples that composed the pooled sample. Numerous Trichinella larvae were found in samples from 4 foxes coming from Berezka and Glinka in Leski District, Dybawka in Przemyski District, and Golcowa in Brzozowski District. All Trichinella larvae isolated from the foxes belonged to the species T. britovi. The study confirmed the role of foxes as an important vector of Trichinella larvae circulating in the habitat of humans and animals. T. britovi is a species occurring most frequently in the fox population.

scholarly journals First evidence of tick-borne protozoan pathogens, Babesia sp. and Hepatozoon canis, in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salem Juwaid ◽  
Ratko Sukara ◽  
Aleksandra Penezić ◽  
Darko Mihaljica ◽  
Gorana Veinović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Babesia Species ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Enzootic Cycle

Tick-borne haematozoans cause severe diseases in domestic animals, and some of them have zoonotic potential. The results of previous studies in Europe point to the important role of foxes in natural endemic cycles of several tick-borne pathogens, including protozoa. The aim of the present research was to acquire information on the prevalence and distribution of tick-borne protozoan parasites among foxes in Serbia. Legally hunted foxes from 14 localities throughout Serbia were analysed. Spleen samples were collected from 129 animals and tested for the presence of Babesia spp. and Hepatozoon spp. by PCR. In total, 79/129 (61.2%) of the tested foxes were positive for H. canis, while the presence of two Babesia species was confirmed: B. vulpes (37/129, 28.7%) and B. canis (1/129, 0.8%). Coinfection with B. vulpes and H. canis was present in 26/129 (20.2%) foxes and one animal (1/129, 0.8%) was co-infected by B. canis and H. canis. The results of this study indicate the important role of foxes in the epizootiology of B. vulpes and H. canis in the Republic of Serbia and stress the need for further research to clarify all elements of the enzootic cycle of the detected pathogens, including other reservoirs, vectors, and transmission routes.

scholarly journals Spatial Segregation between Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes), European Wildcats (Felis silvestris) and Domestic Cats (Felis catus) in Pastures in a Livestock Area of Northern Spain

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Alberto Rodríguez ◽  
Fermín Urra ◽  
Fernando Jubete ◽  
Jacinto Román ◽  
Eloy Revilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Spatial Segregation ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Felis Silvestris ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Anthropogenic Modifications

Red foxes, European wildcats and domestic cats share cattle pastures for hunting in La Pernía Valley, northern Spain. To understand the mechanisms that allow the coexistence of these mesopredators in a habitat characterized by its anthropogenic modifications, we recorded sightings of these species in pastures in the summers of 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. We tested if the species preferred specific areas of pastures and if they exhibited any spatial segregation in the use of pastures. Red foxes did not show consistent preferences for any area of the pastures. European wildcats preferred pasture areas closer to streams and forest edges, whereas domestic cats preferred areas closer to buildings and paved roads whilst avoiding forest edges. All species pairs showed strong spatial segregation with less than 7% overlap. We hypothesize that spatial segregation is the mechanism used by European wildcats and domestic cats to avoid dangerous interactions with other predators and which characterizes their preference of specific areas on pastures, using areas near places that may protect them from other predators. Ultimately, the influence of fox presence (and probably that of other larger potential predators) on the use of pastures by European wildcats and domestic cats is decreasing the number of interactions between them and may help to prevent hybridization in this area.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cryptosporidium Spp. and Giardia Duodenalis in Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Hodžić ◽  
Amer Alić ◽  
Jasmin Omeragić
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Source Of Infection

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis among free-living red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. For this purpose, a total of 123 fecal samples from red foxes, shot during hunting seasons between January 2011 and March 2012 were examined using immunofluorescent microscopy. Overall, observed prevalences of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis were 3.2 % (4/123) and 7.3% (9/123), respectively. The results show that foxes might play the role of potential reservoirs of Cryptosporidium and Giardia parasites, but further molecular analysis are necessary to elucidate the source of infection, routes of transmission and zoonotic potential of these two pathogens.

scholarly journals Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. (FU98) and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratko Sukara ◽  
Salem Juwaid ◽  
Duško Ćirović ◽  
Aleksandra Penezić ◽  
Darko Mihaljica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Borrelia Lusitaniae

Abstract Human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and environmental pollution lead to a reduction in the spatial boundary between wild animals, domestic animals and humans. These activities increase the risk for the emergence of pathogens from the sylvatic cycle in the population of domestic animals and humans. Foxes are recognized as potential reservoirs for a number of bacterial pathogens of medical and public health concern. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and spatial distribution of bacterial tick-borne pathogens from the Anaplasmataceae family, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), Rickettsia spp., Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, Bartonella spp., in the red fox population from Serbia and to discuss the obtained results from the epidemiological point of view. Legally hunted red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from 14 localities in Serbia were included in the study and spleen samples from 129 animals were tested with conventional PCR assays for the presence of bacterial tick-borne pathogens. DNA of Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. (FU98), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia lusitaniae, and Borrelia garinii was detected in 6 (4.7%), 1 (0.8%), 2 (1.6%) and 1 (0.8%) animals, respectively. Co-infection by Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. (FU98) and B. garinii was detected in one animal. All samples were negative for other tested bacterial tick-borne pathogens. The results of the present study indicate the potential role of foxes in natural cycles of Candidatus Neoehrlichia sp. (FU98) and causative agents of Lyme borreliosis in the investigated areas. Further research is required to elucidate the role of foxes in the epidemiology of these and other tick-borne zoonotic pathogens in the Republic of Serbia.

MANUSCRIPT EVIDENCE FOR ALPHABET-SWITCHING IN THE WORKS OF CICERO: COMMON NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-516
Author(s):  
Neil O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Reliable Transmission ◽  
Accurate Record ◽  
The Way

Of the hundreds of Greek common nouns and adjectives preserved in our MSS of Cicero, about three dozen are found written in the Latin alphabet as well as in the Greek. So we find, alongside συμπάθεια, also sympathia, and ἱστορικός as well as historicus. This sort of variation has been termed alphabet-switching; it has received little attention in connection with Cicero, even though it is relevant to subjects of current interest such as his bilingualism and the role of code-switching and loanwords in his works. Rather than addressing these issues directly, this discussion sets out information about the way in which the words are written in our surviving MSS of Cicero and takes further some recent work on the presentation of Greek words in Latin texts. It argues that, for the most part, coherent patterns and explanations can be found in the alphabetic choices exhibited by them, or at least by the earliest of them when there is conflict in the paradosis, and that this coherence is evidence for a generally reliable transmission of Cicero's original choices. While a lack of coherence might indicate unreliable transmission, or even an indifference on Cicero's part, a consistent pattern can only really be explained as an accurate record of coherent alphabet choice made by Cicero when writing Greek words.

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