scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Survey of Serious Intracellular Coccidia in Red Foxes in Eastern Slovakia

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Reiterová ◽  
S. Špilovská ◽  
A. Čobádiová
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Infection Rate ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
High Infection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Infected Prey

Abstract We tested the sera or meat juices of 215 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), collected during 2009-2014 at different localities of Eastern Slovakia for the presence of anti- Toxoplasma and anti-Neospora antibodies. We also examined the brains or muscle tissues and uncoagulated blood samples for the presence of both parasite’s DNA. The mean seropositivity to T. gondii was 72.6% (95% Confidence Interval CI 66.1-78.4) and to N. caninum 33.9% (95% CI 27.7-40.7). We observed higher Toxoplasmaseropositivity in adults (71.1%) than in juveniles (60.0%). Neospora-seropositivity was almost the same in both age groups about of 30%. In general, we observed less frequently the DNA of parasites, T. gondii (14.5%) and N. caninum (20.3%) in the tissue samples and uncoagulated blood samples. Coccidioses are considerably common in red foxes and circulate in locations of Eastern Slovakia. The high infection rate in foxes is probably due to their infected prey. On the other hand, the contamination of the environment with oocysts and their subsequent transfer to other farm and wild animals is also possible.

Detection ofLeishmania Infantumin red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Central Greece

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (13) ◽  
pp. 1574-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
STELIOS KARAYIANNIS ◽  
PANTELIS NTAIS ◽  
IPPOKRATIS MESSARITAKIS ◽  
NIKOLAOS TSIRIGOTAKIS ◽  
EMMANOUIL DOKIANAKIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
First Record ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Wild Canid ◽  
Phlebotomus Perfiliewi

SUMMARYThis is the first record ofLeishmaniadetection in foxes in Greece. Spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow and blood samples were collected from 47 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) found dead or captured, narcotized and freed after bleeding, from November 2009 to 2011, in Fthiotida prefecture, central Greece. This is an endemic for canine leishmaniasis area with several human visceral leishmaniasis cases. The samples were tested forLeishmania infantumandLeishmania tropicaby molecular methods (polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism) and serology (indirect immunofluorescent antibody test; when blood samples were available).Leishmania infantumDNA was detected in 28 animals (59·5%). PCR positivity was related to animal age, sex, weight, characteristics of the area trapped, presence of leishmaniasis symptoms and presence of endo- and ecto-parasites. The results were related to dog seropositivity obtained earlier in the area. The findings support the hypothesis that this wild canid may serve as a reservoir forLeishmaniain areas where the sandfly vectors are found. In the prefectures of Larisa and Magnisia, adjacent to Fthiotida,Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi(known vectors ofL. infantum) have been reported.

Host-specific serological response to Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): implications for parasite epidemiology

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. GILLIS-GERMITSCH ◽  
C. M. O. KAPEL ◽  
S. M. THAMSBORG ◽  
P. DEPLAZES ◽  
M. SCHNYDER
Keyword(s):  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Angiostrongylus Vasorum ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Serological Response ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Challenge Inoculation ◽  
Circulating Antigens

SUMMARYAngiostrongylus vasorum is a cardiovascular nematode increasingly found in dogs and foxes in endemic foci throughout Europe. The present study evaluates ELISAs for detection of circulating antigens and specific antibodies against A. vasorum in foxes. Blood and worm burdens (WBs) from carcasses of 215 Swiss wild red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and from 75 farmed foxes of different age groups experimentally inoculated once or repeatedly with infective doses of 50, 100 or 200 third-stage larvae were obtained. Antigen detection in the naturally infected Swiss foxes had 91·2% sensitivity and 89·4% specificity, whereas the corresponding figures for antibody detection were 42·2 and 92·0%. The experimentally infected foxes became positive for circulating antigens 5–10 weeks post-inoculation (wpi) and remained highly positive up to 22 wpi, irrespectively of further challenge inoculation. The antibody responses in the same foxes were highly variable: high optical density (OD) values were reached 5–7 wpi in all animals, followed by a decrease in over half of the animals despite accumulating and consequently high WBs resulting in persistent infections. After each challenge, a slight increase of OD values was observed 7 weeks later. We hypothesize that infected foxes develop a variable and non-protective immunity. Such parasite tolerance allows long-term survival of A. vasorum in the animals, and may explain why the parasite appears to spread rapidly within a fox population, an epidemiological dynamic that is evident in many parts of Europe where A. vasorum has been found over the last decades.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Trichinella britovi in muscle tissue samples from foxes from Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 681-685
Author(s):  
Jan Wiśniewski ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot ◽  
Blanka Orłowska ◽  
Janusz Bogdan ◽  
Mirosław Welz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sample Digestion ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Pooled Sample

The aim of the study was to detect Trichinella larvae in muscle tissue samples of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) living in Podkarpackie Voivodeship and to determine their species composition. Muscle tissue samples had been collected from a total number of 139 red foxes culled during 2011-2012 in Podkarpackie Voivodeship and studied for the presence of Trichinella. Ten-gram muscle tissue samples were collected from each animal, combined into a fifty-gram pooled sample and then tested for the presence of Trichinella by the reference method for pooled sample digestion with a magnetic stirrer. Whenever a pooled sample gave a positive result, the suspected animals were resampled, and each ten-gram muscle tissue sample was tested separately. Trichinella larvae were identified to species by Multiplex PCR. The studies revealed the presence of one Trichinella larva in a pooled sample composed of five individual samples from foxes culled in the following locations: Leszczowate in Bieszczadzki District (one sample), Szczutków in Lubaczowski District (two samples), Podemszczyzna in Lubaczowski District (one sample) and Strzyżów in Strzyżowski District (one sample). No Trichinella larvae were detected during the test carried out on individual samples that composed the pooled sample. Numerous Trichinella larvae were found in samples from 4 foxes coming from Berezka and Glinka in Leski District, Dybawka in Przemyski District, and Golcowa in Brzozowski District. All Trichinella larvae isolated from the foxes belonged to the species T. britovi. The study confirmed the role of foxes as an important vector of Trichinella larvae circulating in the habitat of humans and animals. T. britovi is a species occurring most frequently in the fox population.

Cadmium concentration in muscle, liver and kidney of sheep slaughtered in Falavarjan abattoir, Iran

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Kazemeini ◽  
E. Rahimi ◽  
AA Kharrattaherdel ◽  
N. Nozarpour ◽  
AG Ebadi
Keyword(s):  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Maximum Tolerance ◽  
The Mean

The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of cadmium in sheep’s muscle, liver and kidney from Isfahan and also to compare them with the levels reported in several other countries and with the maximum tolerance levels for the human consumption. The samples of muscle, liver and kidney of 60 animals around 1 to 6 years old were collected from the carcasses slaughtered in Flavarjan abattoir, Isfahan. Samples (acid digested and cadmium concentrations) were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS). The mean fresh weight concentrations in muscle, liver and kidney were about 0.0017 mg/kg, 0.0743 mg/kg and 0.02290 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentration of cadmium in tissue samples was generally lower than the maximum acceptable concentration in European Commission (EC). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in cadmium concentration of liver and kidney between various age groups (p < 0.05).

The effect of age and sex on glycated hemoglobin in dogs

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110650
Author(s):  
Ioannis L. Oikonomidis ◽  
Theodora K. Tsouloufi ◽  
Maria Kritsepi-Konstantinou ◽  
Nectarios Soubasis
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Health Checks ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Edta Blood ◽  
Age And Sex

We investigated the effect of age and sex on canine glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) using a validated capillary electrophoresis assay. Aliquots of EDTA blood samples collected for routine health checks were used. HbA1c was measured using the Capillarys 2 flex-piercing system (Sebia). We included 58 clinically and hematologically healthy, normoglycemic dogs (29 males, 29 females), allocated to 3 age groups: young (14 dogs <1-y-old), adult (31 dogs 1–7.9-y-old), and senior (13 dogs ≥8-y-old). The mean (± SD) HbA1c was not significantly different ( p = 0.428) between the age groups (young: 1.68 ± 0.54%; adult: 1.59 ± 0.41%; senior: 1.80 ± 0.57%). The HbA1c was not significantly correlated with age (rho = 0.144, p = 0.280). The median (range) HbA1c was not significantly different ( p = 0.391) between male [1.7% (0.5–2.5%)] and female [1.5% (1.0–2.7%)] dogs. Age and sex do not appear to affect canine HbA1c; however, a study of geriatric dogs would be needed to fully exclude an effect of age on HbA1c.

Bait uptake by foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in urban Melbourne: the potential of oral vaccination for rabies control

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive A. Marks ◽  
Tim E. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
First Year ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Rabies Control

Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are widely distributed throughout the Melbourne metropolitan area. Density estimates indicate that fox populations would be capable of maintaining the endemic persistence of rabies. Oral vaccination of foxes by baiting is a technique that has been used successfully overseas to manage rabies epizootics. This study assessed the uptake by foxes of baits containing biomarkers in three urban field sites in winter 1993 and summer 1993/94. Baits were dosed with 200 mg of tetracycline in the winter trial and 5 mg of iophenoxic acid in the summer trial, and distributed at a density of 8 baits ha −1 in open areas within each field site. In the winter trial, 8 of 11 (72.7%) radio-collared foxes known to be in the field sites during the distribution of baits were marked. In the summer trial, 45 of the 49 foxes (92%) recovered from the combined field sites had consumed at least a single bait, resulting in bait acceptance of 80–97% for each field site. No bias existed between plasma iodine levels due to sex, although first-year foxes had a significantly higher level than older age groups combined. There were no significant differences in mean age of foxes collected at the three field sites, yet significant differences existed in mean plasma iodine concentrations between all three sites. These results are discussed with reference to rabies contingency planning. The high rates of bait uptake in this study are encouraging and suggest that oral vaccination may be a viable strategy for rabies containment in urban areas and is worthy of further assessment at reduced baiting densities.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Specific Gravity with Hemoglobin of the Blood - Clinicopathological Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
C. Surya ◽  
Palati Sinduja ◽  
R. Priyadharshini
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Clinicopathological Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Aim: The study aims to analyze the specific gravity with the hemoglobin of the blood. Introduction: The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of the water at a specified temperature and pressure is known as specific gravity. Blood is a fluid connective tissue that delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells and transports metabolic waste away from the cells. Red blood cells are biconcave disc-shaped cells produced from bone marrow. It contains proteins that transport oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of the body. The term heme reforms to the iron-containing porphyrin. The aim of the study was to analyse the specific gravity of Hemoglobin of the blood. Materials and Methods: 10 random blood samples were collected from the patients in Saveetha Dental College. Then the samples were centrifuged and the blood-specific gravity and hemoglobin were analyzed from the sample using a multi-reagent strip and the specific gravity and hemoglobin was determined. Results and Discussion: The mean specific gravity value of age group 21 - 30 years is 1.015, the mean specific gravity value of age group 31 - 40 years is 1.018, the mean specific gravity value of age group 41 - 50 is 1.016, and the mean specific gravity value of age group more than 50 years is 1.020. The mean specific gravity value of females is 1.01750 and the mean specific gravity value of males is 1.01750. The mean Hb value of females is 11.67 and the mean Hb value of males is 14.68. Conclusion: The value of mean specific gravity is slightly increased among different age groups and the mean Hb value is also slightly increased with different age groups. Between genders mean specific gravity is equal to both genders and mean Hb value is more in males compared with females.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Md Zulfekar Ali ◽  
Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽  
Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Published Report ◽  
Poultry Birds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

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