scholarly journals The spatial distribution of soil lead pollution in the Middle Mukuvisi Catchment, Harare, Zimbabwe

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boycen Kumira Mudzengi
Keyword(s):  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Lead Pollution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
The Difference ◽  
River Catchments

This research determined the spatial variation in soil lead pollution in the Middle Mukuvisi Catchment in Harare. Lead is one of the commonest urban pollutants and it induces negative effects on biophysical resources and humans. Part of the study area has been target of landfill programmes dating back to the 1950s. It is also subjected to industrial discharges from the Graniteside and Masasa Industrial Areas. The study catchment was stratified into two strata namely: Strata A (8 x 105 m2) and Strata B (10 x 105 m2) upstream and downstream with respect of the centre of the landfilled area respectively. These strata were digitized in Arc View Geographic Information System (GIS). Stratification enabled the testing of differences in soil lead pollution levels in the two study strata. Thirty soil samples were then collected from random points in the study area for laboratory chemical analysis. Fifteen points were randomly selected for each stratum. The results showed that soil lead concentration varies spatially in the study catchment. In comparison the strata upstream has lower average soil lead concentration than strata downstream with respect to the centre of the landfilled area. However, the difference in soil lead concentration between the two strata is not significant (p > 0.05). This can be explained by introduction of lead into the study catchment by other sources of pollution upstream such as Masasa Industrial Area. The other sources of lead into the study strata besides landfill leachate can be leakages from fuel stations and leaded fuel spillages from vehicles. It is anticipated further research in this area will contribute to the sustainable utilization of urban river catchments, especially where they are used for dumping wastes.

Determination of Lead in Soils Surrounding a Lead-Acid Battery Manufacturer

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron D. Skinner ◽  
Eric D. Salin
Keyword(s):  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Factory Site ◽  
Lead Acid

Abstract Soil lead levels were determined on and around a former battery manufacturing site. Lead concentrations ranging from 120 ppm to 5.1’ were found. The highest concentrations were found close to the factory site. When it was possible to obtain samples over a continuous depth range, it was found that lead concentration decreased with depth and that it increased above underground foundations.

Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Plankton Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air di Perairan Pantai Sayung Kabupaten Demak Jawa Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Isnaini Nurul Maya Evita ◽  
Riche Hariyati ◽  
Jafron Wasiq Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Chemical Parameter ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sea Ranching ◽  
Index Value

Sayung coast is a area with a growing residential, sea ranching, and industrial area. Those aspects produce create waste that could harm the environment, directly or indirectly. Plankton is a biologic component that is used to indicate the changes of water quality in waters that has been polluted. These goals of this research are to know the water quality in Sayung coast area from the abundance of the plankton,  physical-chemical parameter of the water, and also the status of water saprobity. The samples are taken in July 2017 and April 2018, in Sayung coast waters, Demak. Plankton sampling and water from 5 sampling stasions are considered to represent the diversity of the plankton and water stability. Plankton is sampled using plankton net No.25, then preserved using 70% alcohol + 4% formaldehyde. The abiotic data measureted is nitrate content, temperature, pH, salinity, DO, and turbidity. Data analysis are done using Shannon Weiner’s diversity index (H’), diversty index (e), domination index (C), saprobic index. The result shows that there are 49 species of planktons are found, which are 38 fitoplankton, and 11 zooplankton. The highest group is Bacillariophyta which is 14,24%. The diversty index value of H’ 1,58 – 2,45; therefore the Sayung coast waters is catagorized as stable. The index value of e ranges from 0,64 – 1; index C values ranges from 0,08 – 0,22; and the saprobirity index value is in β-Meso/Polisaprobik to α-Mesosaprobik phase with a very light to very high pollution levels. The physical-chemical parameter analysis of Sayung coast waters in overall is still suitable to support plankton’s life.

scholarly journals Gender Differences And Psychological Impacts In Higher Education During Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Iswadi Iswadi ◽  
Apriyanto Apriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Efl Students ◽  
The Difference

<p><em>E-learning during covid-19 pandemic gives positive and negative effects on students’ psychology. One of the effects of E-Learning is students whose negative and positive perception towards the process of E-Learning. The objectives of the study are to know (1)  The difference perception between male and female EFL post-graduate students of the use of online learning platforms? (2). Impacts psychologically of E-learning during Covid-19 to female and male EFL students in higher education. The method of the study is mixed research with the explanatory sequential design. The participants were 31 EFL postgraduate students in PGRI Indraprasta University. The data collection technique of the study was questionnaires with a Likert scale and an open interview. The data analysis technique of the study is an independent sample t-test with SPSS 22.0 version and collection, reduction, display, and conclusion. The results of the study are: (1) There is no significant difference perception between male and female EFL postgraduate students of the use of online learning platform because the significance value (0.695) which is bigger than 0.05. (2)  E-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic did not  give anxiety, fear, fatigue, and saturation to female and male EFL students in higher education. Implication of this research is University must develop LMS (Learning Management System) for teaching EFL students</em></p>

scholarly journals A framework for IoT-enabled environment aware traffic management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Mohamed Fazil Mohamed Firdhous ◽  
B. H. Sudantha ◽  
Naseer Ali Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Cost

Vehicular traffic has increased across all over the world especially in urban areas due to many reasons including the reduction in the cost of vehicles, degradation of the quality of public transport services and increased wealth of people. The traffic congestion created by these vehicles causes many problems. Increased environment pollution is one of the most serious negative effects of traffic congestion. Noxious gases and fine particles emitted by vehicles affect people in different ways depending on their age and present health conditions. Professionals and policy makers have devised schemes for better managing traffic in congested areas. These schemes suffer from many shortcomings including the inability to adapt to dynamic changes of traffic patterns. With the development of technology, new applications like Google maps help drivers to select less congested routes. But, the identification of the best route takes only the present traffic condition on different road segments presently. In this paper the authors propose a system that helps drivers select routes based on the present and expected environment pollution levels at critical points in a given area.

scholarly journals Fertilization of Algal Resources By an Exotic Snail May Facilitate Invasion

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Leslie Riley ◽  
Mark Dybdahl ◽  
Robert Hall
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Difference

We studied positive and negative effects of snail consumers on their resource to determine if positive consumer effects may be facilitating invasion. Consumer- resource interactions often focus on losses to the resource, even though the resource might benefit if consumers recycle nutrients. The New Zealand mudsnail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, an exotic in western U.S. rivers, attains high densities and dominates macroinvertebrate communities. In one well-studied river, it consumes the majority of primary productivity, cycles most nitrogen and can grow faster at higher densities. In field experiments, we tested the hypothesis that this invasive grazer stimulates algal growth via nitrogen excretion, which might explain its self-facilitation and invasiveness. Using in-stream cages subdivided into "with snails" and "without snails" sections, we examined the response of periphytic algae to snail grazing and excretion and snail excretion alone at various levels of snail biomass. We found that chlorophyll a and GPP (gross primary production) decreased as the biomass of snails increased in the grazed sections. Snail excretion, in the absence of grazing, increased both chlorophyll a and GPP, demonstrating a positive effect of snails on the resource, consistent with the nutrient recycling and enrichment hypothesis. We found no evidence for increased algal growth at intermediate snail densities in grazed treatments, as predicted by the Herbivore Optimization Curve hypothesis. However, the difference in chlorophyll a between "with snails" and "without snails" treatments increased as snail biomass increased. This suggests that snail compensation of the resource, through excretion, decreases at extremely high levels of grazing pressure and the net effect of snail grazing becomes negative. Together, these results suggest that invasiveness in some rivers may be fostered by this self-facilitation and recycling of essential nutrients.

scholarly journals Hazard indicators of urban soil contamination with polycyclic hydrocarbons on the example of monitoring results of the RUDN campus

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-130
Author(s):  
Margarita M. Redina ◽  
Alexander P. Khaustov ◽  
Xiangkai Li ◽  
Zhandos D. Kenzhin ◽  
Polina Yu. Silaeva
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Individual

The characteristics of the hazard of urban soils pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered: naphthalene (Naph), anthracene (An), phenanthrene (Phen), pyrene (Py), fluoranthene (Flu), chrysene (Chr), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbFlu), benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkFlu), dibenzo[ah]antracene (DBa), benzo[ghi]perylene (Bghi), indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene). On the example of monitoring data on the RUDN University campus and the adjacent South-West Forest Park, modern approaches to assessing the hazard of pollution levels and the environmental risk of soil pollution are demonstrated: RQ indicators, total relative toxicity in comparison to BaP, carcinogenic risk, behavior of the representative PAHs. On the basis of a critical analysis of the pollution indicators, the optimal approaches to assessing the danger of the presence of polyarenes in the soils of urban areas are demonstrated. The leading sources of pollution (influence of vehicles) were identified. Different levels of environmental hazard of polyarene soil contamination in different functional zones of the analyzed territory are demonstrated: relatively clear territory in the middle zone of the park and a specific configuration of the pollution field on the rest of the territory. The necessity of developing ecosystem standards for urban natural complexes is justified, taking into account the individual characteristics of soils, the role of soil microbiota, the specificity of the use of the territory and the characteristics of pollution sources.

Applying Exogenous Humic Acids and Natural Zeolite for Remediating the Lead-Polluted Garden Soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 919-922
Author(s):  
Wei Yu Shi ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Li Ye Chu ◽  
Hong Bo Shao
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Mixed Treatment ◽  
The Difference

The study reported the co-remediation effect on the lead-polluted garden soil by zeolite and humic acids (HA), which was from comparing with the remediation of single zeolite in term of the lead fraction of sequential extraction in the soil and the distribution of lead in different parts of rape. Mixed treatment (zeolite and HA) and single treatment (zeolite) were, respectively, applied to the artificially polluted garden soil to examine the difference of their remediation effects in pot experiment. Results indicated that the co-remediation led to significantly greater (p < 0.01) reduction in the lead concentration in plants than by singly adding to zeolite. The co-application of zeolite and HA reduced the available fraction of lead compounds, but slightly increased (p < 0.01) the water-soluble fraction of lead compounds in the garden soil, compared with the application of single zeolite, especially in the severe lead-polluted soil (≥1000mg kg−1).This method might be an efficient way to remediate the lead-polluted soils on a large scale.

Reform and innovation of artificial intelligence technology for information service in university physical education

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jianye Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Information Service ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
The Difference

This article analyzes the reform of information services in university physical education based on artificial intelligence technology and conducts in-depth and innovative research on it. In-depth analysis of the relationship between big data and the development and application of information technology such as the Internet, Internet of Things, cloud computing, to clarify the difference and connection between big data, informatization and intelligence. Artificial intelligence will bring opportunities for changes in data collection, management decision-making, governance models, education and teaching, scientific research services, evaluation and evaluation of physical education in our university. At the same time, big data education management in colleges and universities faces many challenges such as the balance of privacy and freedom, data hegemony, data junk, data standards, and data security, and they have many negative effects. In accordance with the requirements of educational modernization, centering on the goal of intelligent and humanized education management, it aims existing issues in college physical education management.

scholarly journals Consequences of barriers and changing seasonality on population dynamics and harvest of migratory ungulates

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-605
Author(s):  
Bram Van Moorter ◽  
Steinar Engen ◽  
John M. Fryxell ◽  
Manuela Panzacchi ◽  
Erlend B. Nilsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractMany animal populations providing ecosystem services, including harvest, live in seasonal environments and migrate between seasonally distinct ranges. Unfortunately, two major sources of human-induced global change threaten these populations: climate change and anthropogenic barriers. Anthropogenic infrastructure developments present a global threat to animal migrations through increased migration mortality or behavioral avoidance. Climate change alters the seasonal and spatial dynamics of resources and therefore the effects of migration on population performance. We formulated a population model with ideal-free migration to investigate changes in population size and harvest yield due to barriers and seasonal dynamics. The model predicted an increasing proportion of migrants when the difference between areas in seasonality or carrying capacity increased. Both migration cost and behavioral avoidance of barriers substantially reduced population size and harvest yields. Not surprisingly, the negative effects of barriers were largest when the population benefited most from migration. Despite the overall decline in harvest yield from a migratory population due to barriers, barriers could result in locally increased yield from the resident population following reduced competition from migrants. Our approach and results enhance the understanding of how global warming and infrastructure development worldwide may change population dynamics and harvest offtake affecting livelihoods and rural economies.

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