scholarly journals Reply to Letter to the Editor Regarding Article: “Considering the Potential Benefits of Over-The-Counter Naloxone” [Response To Letter]

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Kirk E Evoy ◽  
Lucas G Hill ◽  
Corey S Davis
Keyword(s):  
Over The Counter ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Potential Benefits

Effect of Trading Relationships on Execution Costs in Low-Information-Asymmetry Over-the-Counter Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2605-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Issa ◽  
Elvis Jarnecic
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Corporate Bonds ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Relationship Strength ◽  
Execution Costs ◽  
Potential Benefits

Traders can reduce search costs in dealership markets by entering relationships with dealers. However, dealers draw little informational benefit from these relationships in Treasury markets, due to low risk and information asymmetry. We investigate the extent, duration, effects on pricing, and potential benefits of client–dealer relationships. We find that relationship strength leads to higher execution costs for clients, more so during stressed market conditions but less so in the presence of information asymmetry and when trading in corporate bonds. Relationship traders are compensated with immediacy at times when search is costly.

scholarly journals Considering the Potential Benefits of Over-the-Counter Naloxone

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Kirk E Evoy ◽  
Lucas G Hill ◽  
Corey S Davis
Keyword(s):  
Over The Counter ◽  
Potential Benefits

scholarly journals The Manipulation of the Lipid Mediator Metabolism as Adjunct Host-Directed Therapy in Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arista Nienaber ◽  
Frank E. A. Hayford ◽  
Ebrahim Variava ◽  
Neil Martinson ◽  
Linda Malan
Keyword(s):  
Lung Damage ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Lung Histopathology ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Host-directed therapies (HDTs) enhance the host response to tuberculosis (TB) infection to reduce disease severity. For instance, the manipulation of lipid mediator production diminishes the hyperactive immune response which is a known pathological feature of TB that generates lung tissue damage. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) are examples of such HDTs. In this mini-review, we recapitulate the literature available on the effects of NSAIDs and n-3 LCPUFA in TB as well as the immunological pathways underpinning these effects. Many NSAIDs have a great deal of data describing their effects and safety and in many jurisdictions are inexpensive, and sold over the counter in neighborhood convenience stores and supermarkets. The potential benefits of NSAIDs in TB are well-documented in pre-clinical studies. The reduction of pro-inflammatory lipid mediator production by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways with NSAIDs has been found to improve lung histopathology, bacterial control, and survival. Additionally, n-3 LCPUFA and its novel bioactive metabolites produced by COX and lipoxygenase (LOX) have been identified as safe and effective pro-resolving and antibacterial pharmaconutrients. Nevertheless, heterogeneous results have been reported in pre-clinical TB studies. Recently, the importance of the correct timing of NSAIDs and n-3 LCPUFA administration in TB has also been highlighted. This mini-review will provide a better understanding of the potential contribution of these therapies toward reducing inflammatory lung damage and improving bactericidal activity, especially during later stages of TB infection. It further highlights that clinical trials are required to confirm benefit and safety in TB patients.

Letter to the Editor: Claims about the effects of botulinum toxin on depression should raise some eyebrows.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Alvaro Coles ◽  
Jeff T. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

Recently, Schulze and colleagues (2021) and we (Coles, Larsen, Kuribayashi, & Kuelz, 2019) published two separate meta-analyses examining whether glabellar-region botulinum toxin injections can decrease depression. Both meta-analysis teams reviewed similar studies; discussed similar mechanisms-of-action; observed unexpectedly large effect sizes; observed asymmetry in funnel plot distributions; and acknowledged that it is difficult to blind participants. Yet, our two teams came to starkly different conclusions. Whereas Schulze and colleagues concluded that the treatment reaches rigorous “1a level of evidence” standards (p. 338), we concluded the opposite: that the claim is “not yet well substantiated by a credible balance of evidence” (p. 11). In this Letter to the Editor, we clarify why we believe that a more careful consideration of the quality of the evidence, potential costs, and potential benefits is necessary before promoting botulinum toxin as an off-label treatment for depression.

scholarly journals Virtual Self-Management Has Potential Benefits and Challenges: A Response to a Letter to the Editor

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
Jordan Miller ◽  
Joy C. MacDermid ◽  
David M. Walton ◽  
Julie Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Self Management ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Virtual Self ◽  
Potential Benefits
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