scholarly journals Considering the Potential Benefits of Over-the-Counter Naloxone

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Kirk E Evoy ◽  
Lucas G Hill ◽  
Corey S Davis
Keyword(s):  
Over The Counter ◽  
Potential Benefits

Effect of Trading Relationships on Execution Costs in Low-Information-Asymmetry Over-the-Counter Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2605-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Issa ◽  
Elvis Jarnecic
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Corporate Bonds ◽  
Search Costs ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Relationship Strength ◽  
Execution Costs ◽  
Potential Benefits

Traders can reduce search costs in dealership markets by entering relationships with dealers. However, dealers draw little informational benefit from these relationships in Treasury markets, due to low risk and information asymmetry. We investigate the extent, duration, effects on pricing, and potential benefits of client–dealer relationships. We find that relationship strength leads to higher execution costs for clients, more so during stressed market conditions but less so in the presence of information asymmetry and when trading in corporate bonds. Relationship traders are compensated with immediacy at times when search is costly.

scholarly journals The Manipulation of the Lipid Mediator Metabolism as Adjunct Host-Directed Therapy in Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arista Nienaber ◽  
Frank E. A. Hayford ◽  
Ebrahim Variava ◽  
Neil Martinson ◽  
Linda Malan
Keyword(s):  
Lung Damage ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Lung Histopathology ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Host-directed therapies (HDTs) enhance the host response to tuberculosis (TB) infection to reduce disease severity. For instance, the manipulation of lipid mediator production diminishes the hyperactive immune response which is a known pathological feature of TB that generates lung tissue damage. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) are examples of such HDTs. In this mini-review, we recapitulate the literature available on the effects of NSAIDs and n-3 LCPUFA in TB as well as the immunological pathways underpinning these effects. Many NSAIDs have a great deal of data describing their effects and safety and in many jurisdictions are inexpensive, and sold over the counter in neighborhood convenience stores and supermarkets. The potential benefits of NSAIDs in TB are well-documented in pre-clinical studies. The reduction of pro-inflammatory lipid mediator production by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways with NSAIDs has been found to improve lung histopathology, bacterial control, and survival. Additionally, n-3 LCPUFA and its novel bioactive metabolites produced by COX and lipoxygenase (LOX) have been identified as safe and effective pro-resolving and antibacterial pharmaconutrients. Nevertheless, heterogeneous results have been reported in pre-clinical TB studies. Recently, the importance of the correct timing of NSAIDs and n-3 LCPUFA administration in TB has also been highlighted. This mini-review will provide a better understanding of the potential contribution of these therapies toward reducing inflammatory lung damage and improving bactericidal activity, especially during later stages of TB infection. It further highlights that clinical trials are required to confirm benefit and safety in TB patients.

scholarly journals Epistemology of Probiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Aafaq Khan ◽  
Naveed Faraz ◽  
Faisal Hanif ◽  
Mahpara Mumtaz
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
General Population ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Lactose Intolerance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Ecophysiological Responses

Probiotics are essential in human physiology. They play a vital role in providing immunity, producing Vitamin K, relieving lactose intolerance and shortening diarrhea. Besides; it promises the management of Atopy and other incurable conditions. Not only for humans but probiotics are also beneficial for other species including marine and cattle due to the Ecophysiological responses. Unfortunately, probiotics are much neglected by the wide use of antibiotics and other drugs which not only disturbs but kills them completely. As a result; an individual is more vulnerable to a wide range of critical conditions that could have been avoided otherwise. These potential benefits of probiotics require much attention of the healthy consumer while in the main market for over the counter remedies. To prove these effects in treating and preventing particular diseases and increase the acceptance of probiotics by the general population more clinical studies should be conducted in this area

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

Teletinnitus Program at the VA Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Constance Hilory Tomberlin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Care System

There are a multitude of reasons that a teletinnitus program can be beneficial, not only to the patients, but also within the hospital and audiology department. The ability to use technology for the purpose of tinnitus management allows for improved appointment access for all patients, especially those who live at a distance, has been shown to be more cost effective when the patients travel is otherwise monetarily compensated, and allows for multiple patient's to be seen in the same time slots, allowing for greater access to the clinic for the patients wishing to be seen in-house. There is also the patient's excitement in being part of a new technology-based program. The Gulf Coast Veterans Health Care System (GCVHCS) saw the potential benefits of incorporating a teletinnitus program and began implementation in 2013. There were a few hurdles to work through during the beginning organizational process and the initial execution of the program. Since the establishment of the Teletinnitus program, the GCVHCS has seen an enhancement in patient care, reduction in travel compensation, improvement in clinic utilization, clinic availability, the genuine excitement of the use of a new healthcare media amongst staff and patients, and overall patient satisfaction.

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