Physical compatibility of 4% sodium citrate with 23.4% sodium chloride, fluconazole, and micafungin

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-378
Author(s):  
Bryan Dotson ◽  
Mariann D. Churchwell
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Citrate

Effect of Grinding Aids on the Fracture Energy of Mica

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 503-509
Author(s):  
Ze Hong Wang ◽  
Fu Jia Yu ◽  
Shan Cai ◽  
Shan Zhi Deng ◽  
Roger Horn
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Grinding Aids ◽  
Slurry Rheology

An extension of the classical Obriemoff experiments has been set up to measure the fracture energy of mica. This experimental system will be entirely independent of slurry rheology. CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide), sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and tri-sodium citrate are used as grinding aids in this study and the fracture energy has been measured for mica in air, water, and water with the addition of various concentrations of these grinding aids. The results show that the fracture energy of mica in water is about half of what it is in air. Grinding aids are shown to reduce the fracture energy of mica, but not dramatically. Addition of grinding aids reduces the fracture energy by a further 10-20%, with tri-sodium citrate appearing to be the most effective. For each grinding aid there appears to be an optimal concentration, typically around 10 mmol. An experiment is also done with sodium chloride at a range of concentrations to investigate the mechanism of these grinding aids, but no reduction in fracture energy (compared to water) was observed, hence the molecular-level mechanism of action of these grinding aids remains unclear. The effect of solution pH values on the fracture energy are also investigated using tri-sodium citrate and sodium chloride. The results show that the solution pH value may effect on the fracture energy of mica. So, in practice, both concentration and pH value of solution are important for getting better grinding results.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF INORGANIC SALTS ON THE CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER OBSTRUCTION OF THE DUODENUM

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Untreated Animal ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Value

The chemical changes in the blood of dogs treated with various inorganic salts after obstruction of the duodenum are reported. Two dogs treated with sodium chloride survived approximately six times as long as the average untreated animal, one living 22 days, the other 24 days. Ammonium chloride was found to produce an acidosis. The administration of potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride did not prevent the usual rise in non-protein nitrogen and fall in chlorides, and the fatal outcome. Iodides seemingly hasten the toxic process. Sodium bromide appears to have an inhibitory action upon it, but much less than that of sodium chloride. Sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium citrate, monosodium phosphate, and disodium phosphate failed to alter the course of the intoxication. Atropine and pilocarpine were without therapeutic value in preventing the changes characteristic of intestinal obstruction.

scholarly journals FREEZING POINTS OF ANTI-COAGULANT SALT SOLUTIONS

1935 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Hitchcock ◽  
Ruth B. Dougan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions

By a method involving equilibration of ice and solution, and analysis of the solution, freezing point depressions of solutions of sodium citrate, oxalate, and fluoride have been determined over the range Δ = 0.45 to 0.65°C. Determinations with sodium chloride solutions have confirmed the accuracy of the method. In each case the freezing point depression is given, within 0.002°C., as a linear function of the concentration. By the use of these linear equations it is possible to prepare a solution of any of these four salts isotonic with a given biological fluid of known freezing point, provided the latter falls within the range studied.

scholarly journals Adsorptive Capacity of Activated Charcoal for Rifampicin with and without Sodium Chloride and Sodium Citrate.

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orish Ebere ORISAKWE ◽  
Onyenmechi Johnson AFONNE ◽  
Patrick U. AGBASI ◽  
Ndidi A. ILONDU ◽  
Sabinus I. OFOEFULE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity

scholarly journals Ribonucleic acid–deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in aqueous solutions and in solutions containing formamide

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gillespie ◽  
D. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Hybridization Reaction

Hybridization in 6×SSC (SSC, 0.15m-sodium chloride–0.015m-sodium citrate) at 66°C was compared with hybridization in formamide−6×SSC (1:1, v/v) at 35°C. As expected, the RNA hybridization potential was labile in the former system and stable in the latter. DNA retention by filters was poor in the formamide system, but could be improved. Several other properties of the hybridization reaction were explored and it was concluded that the formamide system is generally superior.

Effect of parathyroid hormone secretion on sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (5) ◽  
pp. 1170-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
EG Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Sodium Reabsorption ◽  
Fractional Clearance ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride

To determine if an increase in the endogenous secretion of parathyroid hormone could decrease sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule, the ionized calcium concentration of blood perfusing the parathyroid gland of eight unilaterally thyroid parathyroidectomized dogs (TPTX) was reduced by infusion of an isotonic sodium citrate plus sodium chloride solution into the blood supply of the parathyroid gland. The fractional clearance of phosphate increased significantly (+9.3 +/- 2.8 ml/min per 100 ml GFR), while fractional sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule decreased (-.06 +/- .02; P less than .025). In seven normal control dogs that received isotonic sodium chloride infusion, neither fractional sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule nor the fractional clearance of phosphate was significantly altered. In five bilaterally TPTX dogs that received a sodium citrate plus sodium chloride infusion, sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule was not significantly altered. There were no significant changes in glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow in any of these groups. The data demonstrate that alterations in endogenous parathyroid hormone secretion can play a significant role in the regulation of sodium reabsorption by the proximal tubule.

Sodium citrate as a replacement for sodium chloride in a brine solution when evaluated in cows of different backfat thickness

Meat Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. Holmer ◽  
L.W. Kutzler ◽  
F.K. McKeith ◽  
J. Killefer
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Brine Solution
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