scholarly journals Adsorptive Capacity of Activated Charcoal for Rifampicin with and without Sodium Chloride and Sodium Citrate.

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orish Ebere ORISAKWE ◽  
Onyenmechi Johnson AFONNE ◽  
Patrick U. AGBASI ◽  
Ndidi A. ILONDU ◽  
Sabinus I. OFOEFULE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity

Effect of Grinding Aids on the Fracture Energy of Mica

2011 ◽  
Vol 402 ◽  
pp. 503-509
Author(s):  
Ze Hong Wang ◽  
Fu Jia Yu ◽  
Shan Cai ◽  
Shan Zhi Deng ◽  
Roger Horn
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Grinding Aids ◽  
Slurry Rheology

An extension of the classical Obriemoff experiments has been set up to measure the fracture energy of mica. This experimental system will be entirely independent of slurry rheology. CTAB (Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide), sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and tri-sodium citrate are used as grinding aids in this study and the fracture energy has been measured for mica in air, water, and water with the addition of various concentrations of these grinding aids. The results show that the fracture energy of mica in water is about half of what it is in air. Grinding aids are shown to reduce the fracture energy of mica, but not dramatically. Addition of grinding aids reduces the fracture energy by a further 10-20%, with tri-sodium citrate appearing to be the most effective. For each grinding aid there appears to be an optimal concentration, typically around 10 mmol. An experiment is also done with sodium chloride at a range of concentrations to investigate the mechanism of these grinding aids, but no reduction in fracture energy (compared to water) was observed, hence the molecular-level mechanism of action of these grinding aids remains unclear. The effect of solution pH values on the fracture energy are also investigated using tri-sodium citrate and sodium chloride. The results show that the solution pH value may effect on the fracture energy of mica. So, in practice, both concentration and pH value of solution are important for getting better grinding results.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF INORGANIC SALTS ON THE CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER OBSTRUCTION OF THE DUODENUM

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Untreated Animal ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Value

The chemical changes in the blood of dogs treated with various inorganic salts after obstruction of the duodenum are reported. Two dogs treated with sodium chloride survived approximately six times as long as the average untreated animal, one living 22 days, the other 24 days. Ammonium chloride was found to produce an acidosis. The administration of potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride did not prevent the usual rise in non-protein nitrogen and fall in chlorides, and the fatal outcome. Iodides seemingly hasten the toxic process. Sodium bromide appears to have an inhibitory action upon it, but much less than that of sodium chloride. Sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium citrate, monosodium phosphate, and disodium phosphate failed to alter the course of the intoxication. Atropine and pilocarpine were without therapeutic value in preventing the changes characteristic of intestinal obstruction.

scholarly journals FREEZING POINTS OF ANTI-COAGULANT SALT SOLUTIONS

1935 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
David I. Hitchcock ◽  
Ruth B. Dougan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Freezing Point Depression ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions

By a method involving equilibration of ice and solution, and analysis of the solution, freezing point depressions of solutions of sodium citrate, oxalate, and fluoride have been determined over the range Δ = 0.45 to 0.65°C. Determinations with sodium chloride solutions have confirmed the accuracy of the method. In each case the freezing point depression is given, within 0.002°C., as a linear function of the concentration. By the use of these linear equations it is possible to prepare a solution of any of these four salts isotonic with a given biological fluid of known freezing point, provided the latter falls within the range studied.

scholarly journals Removal of naphthenic acids using activated charcoal: Kinetic and equilibrium studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1405-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália F Campos ◽  
Celmy MBM Barbosa ◽  
Joan M Rodríguez-Díaz ◽  
Marta MMB Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Model Mixture ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Equilibrium Studies ◽  
Aviation Kerosene ◽  
Equilibrium Study ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

This study proposes the use of activated charcoal made from Umbaúba wood as an adsorbent for the removal of naphthenic acid in an aviation kerosene model mixture. The activated charcoal was characterised as mesoporous with a carbon graphite profile and presented pHpzc equal to 10.5. The best working conditions were obtained for activated charcoal levels of <0.09 mm and 300 r min−1. The system reached the equilibrium after 360 min, without significant statistical difference for the pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The Weber–Morris and Boyd models corroborated the conclusion that adsorption is not controlled only by the intraparticle diffusion step. For the equilibrium study, the adsorptive capacity obtained was of 1.1 g g−1, with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller model better correlating with the experimental data. Given the results obtained, the activated charcoal demonstrated to have a remarkable potential for removing naphthenic acid in an aviation kerosene model mixture.

Haemostatic Changes Induced in Vitro by Activated Charcoal Haemoperfusion

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Winchester ◽  
J. M. MacKay ◽  
C. D. Forbes ◽  
E. Blakely ◽  
C. R. M. Prentice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Contact Activation ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Constant Flow Rate ◽  
Adp Release

An in vitro system was devised to investigate abnormalities of haemosbasis induced in human blood by haemoperfusion through activated charcoal particles. The system consisted of identical polypropylene columns filled with either uncoated or polymer coated activated charcoal particles, blood being pumped through the system at a constant flow rate, for two hour periods.When sodium citrate was used as the anticoagulant, the fall in platelet count was not statistically different whether coated or uncoated charcoal was used, or whether an empty (saline filled) column was used. However, coated charcoal significantly improved the changes in KCCT, PTT, OSPT, induced by haemoperfusion. Similarly the polymer coating appeared to minimise the fall in fibrinogen, factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII.When mucous heparin (3 μ/ml) final concentration) was used as anticoagulant, massive (80%) retention of platelets occurred with uncoated charcoal, whereas, polymer coated charcoal resulted in only 30% platelet drops.These results suggest that haemostatic abnormalities induced by charcoal haemoperfusion are in part due to contact activation, coagulation factor adsorption, and/or heparin adsorption. Preliminary experiments with heparinised red cell free blood (PRP) have shown minimal platelet drops whether uncoated or coated charcoal was used, suggesting that red cell ADP release may play a crucial role in producing the haemostatic abnormalities, occurring with whole blood haemoperfusion.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Halothane from a Paediatric T-Piece Circuit by Activated Charcoal

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Alexander ◽  
N. F. Stewart ◽  
R. C. Oppenheim ◽  
T. C. K. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Airways Resistance ◽  
Shape And Size

Experiments were conducted to compare the efficacy of six commonly available charcoals in adsorbing halothane in a paediatric T-piece system. Tests were also done to compare the effect of mass of charcoal and canister shape and size on adsorption and airways resistance. It was found that charcoals vary in their adsorptive capacity and that the size and shape of cannisters is important.

scholarly journals Ribonucleic acid–deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in aqueous solutions and in solutions containing formamide

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gillespie ◽  
D. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Hybridization Reaction

Hybridization in 6×SSC (SSC, 0.15m-sodium chloride–0.015m-sodium citrate) at 66°C was compared with hybridization in formamide−6×SSC (1:1, v/v) at 35°C. As expected, the RNA hybridization potential was labile in the former system and stable in the latter. DNA retention by filters was poor in the formamide system, but could be improved. Several other properties of the hybridization reaction were explored and it was concluded that the formamide system is generally superior.

Impact of nitrogen on the adsorptive capacity of activated charcoal

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Nakhla ◽  
J. Qubaih ◽  
N. Abu‐Zaid ◽  
M. Abdulappa
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity
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