scholarly journals China's Income Distribution Over Time: Reasons for Rising Inequality

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximing Wu ◽  
Jeffrey M. Perloff
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Over Time

Toward a Post-Sraffian Theory of Income Distribution

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roncaglia
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Distribution Theory ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Sraffian Theory ◽  
Over Time

After recalling the Sraffian critiques to marginalist distribution theory, and hence the need for a different approach, the paper illustrates the classical conceptualization of social classes and its flexibility for the application to the modern world. The relationships among market forms-above all oligopoly, mark-up pricing, and income distribution-are then discussed, in search of a theoretical framework for the analysis of the evolution of distributive variables over time: an approach suggested as superior to the traditional one which aims at determining equilibrium values for the distributive variables at a moment in time.

scholarly journals The Inequality We Want: How Much Is Too Much?

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Krozer
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Measurement Of Inequality ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Income Concentration

A key aspect defining the contemporary income distribution is the (increasing) share the top holds compared to the rest. This paper shows that income concentration increases towards the very top of the distribution, while the shares the middle- and upper–middle-income groups hold remain stable across countries and over time. Traditional indicators less sensitive to changes at the extremes of the distribution might obscure inequality's actual dimension, and thereby help perpetuate it. To avoid this, the present paper discusses a complementary indicator for the measurement of inequality: The ratio of the income share of the top 5% over that of the bottom 40%. The indicator is denominated Palma v.2, in reference to the recently suggested "Palma ratio" dividing the income share of the top 10% income earners by those at the bottom 40%.

scholarly journals Income Distribution in Keynesian Growth Models and Financing of Development Plans

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Amit Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Financial Arrangements ◽  
Over Time

In the usual format of Keynesian growth models investment governs saving: higher investment causes more profits either through greater capacity utilization (normal 'multiplier') or through rising price. (‘Profit inflation,) which, in turn, generates the matching level of savings. The present paper argues that such methods of financial higher investment plans are neither socially desirable nor even sustainable over time In an underdeveloped mixed economy. Consequently, alternative institutional and financial arrangements, where. crucial role Is assigned to a public distribution system of essential goods and profits of public enterprises, becomes imperative.

scholarly journals La persistencia de la segregación residencial socioeconómica en Argentina / The Persistence of Socio-Economic Residential Segregation in Argentina

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Fernando Groisman
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Over Time

Este documento se refiere a uno de los aspectos de la dinámica de la segregación residencial socioeconómica: su persistencia en el tiempo. Se analiza el tema en el contexto de la recuperación económica que experimentó Argentina luego de la crisis de 2001. Durante este periodo la pobreza y la desocupación disminuyeron notablemente, y aminoró la desigualdad de la distribución del ingreso en los primeros años para luego mantenerse estable. Mediante la confección de cohortes ficticias se procedió a evaluar si quienes se encontraban en entornos expuestos a mayor privación socioeconómica mejoraron su situación en términos relativos durante esos años. Los resultados sugieren que el patrón de segregación residencial socioeconómica no se modificó. Ello obliga a avanzar hacia la formulación de una agenda de políticas públicas que tome en cuenta explícitamente tales aspectos del bienestar de la población. AbstractThis document explores one of the aspects of the dynamics of socio-economic regional segregation: its persistence over time. The topic is analyzed in the context of the economic recovery undergone by Argentina after the 2001 crisis. This period saw a sharp drop in poverty and unemployment, while there was a decrease in income distribution inequality improved in the early years before leveling off. Fictitious cohorts are used to assess whether those in environments exposed to higher levels of socio-economic deprival improved their situation in relative terms during this period. The results obtained suggest that the pattern of socio-economic residential segregation was not modified. This forces one to advance towards the discussion of a public policy agenda that will specifically take into account these aspects of the population’s welfare.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN INDEKS GINI DI PROPINSI DATI I JAWA BARAT

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutyastie Soemitro Remi
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
High Possibility ◽  
Over Time

The problem of inequality in income distribution has for long been a focus of research interest. There is also a high possibility that this problem is responsible for the social stress and disturbances. Inorder to address this issue, there is a need to approach it through the gini index both over time and between regions, rural-urban, and also between groups in order to get an empirical observation, particularly in provincial level of Java. We can draw a general conclusion that the inequality in income distrilmtion in West Jam is low. In this connection, there is a tendency that the degree of inequality is high inareas the middle of development is relatively higher and then in urban areas. Thus, development policies aimed at improving on community income distribution should therefore, prioritize these areas.

scholarly journals The effects of neighbourhood and workplace income comparisons on subjective wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shakked Noy
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Mass Layoffs ◽  
Fairness Concerns ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Over Time

<p>We investigate how the incomes of a person’s neighbours and coworkers affect her happiness, using survey data on subjective wellbeing linked to unprecedentedly rich administrative data on the characteristics of survey respondents’ peer groups. Linear regressions of subjective wellbeing on peer income variables establish that people care exclusively about their ordinal rank within their peer income distribution, that workplace rank matters much more than neighbourhood rank, and that workplace comparisons are driven primarily by fairness concerns. We confirm that our results reflect a causal effect of peer income by implementing sensitivity analyses, identifying off changes in peer income over time for immobile people, exploiting plausibly exogenous moves between workplaces triggered by mass layoffs, and testing for the effects of unobservable group-level confounders.</p>

scholarly journals Top incomes and the gender divide

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Casarico ◽  
Sarah Voitchovsky ◽  
Anthony B. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Gender Divide ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

In the recent research on top incomes, there has been little discussion of gender. How many of the top 1 and 10 per cent are women? A great deal is known about gender differentials in earnings, but how far does this carry over to the distribution of total incomes, bringing self-employment and capital income into the picture? We investigate the gender divide at the top of the income distribution using tax record data for a sample of eight countries with individual taxation. We show that women are under-represented at the top of the distribution. They account for between a fifth and a third of those in the top 10 per cent. Higher up the income distribution, the proportion is lower, with women constituting between 14 and 22 per cent of the top 1 per cent. The presence of women in the top income groups has generally increased over time, but the rise becomes smaller at the very top. As a result, the gradient with income has become more marked: the under-representation of women today increases more sharply. Examination of the shape of the income distribution by fitting a Pareto distribution shows that at the end of the period women disappear faster than men as one moves up the income scale in all countries. In this sense, there appears to be something of a "glass ceiling" for women. In the case of Canada, Denmark, Norway and New Zealand, there appears to have been a reversal over time, with the slope of the upper tail having been steeper for women in the past. In seeking to explain this, we highlight the role of income composition, where we show that there have been significant changes over time, underlining the fact that it is not sufficient to look only at earned income.

scholarly journals Women in the Top of the Income Distribution: What Can We Learn From LIS-Data?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-107
Author(s):  
Roman Bobilev ◽  
Anne Boschini ◽  
Jesper Roine
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Labour Income ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We explore the extent to which LIS-data can be used to shed light on the presence of women in the top of the income distribution. We show developments of the share of women in top groups (P90-100 and P99-100) of the labour income distribution for 28 countries and, when possible, compare to outcomes when including capital incomes. These turn out not to matter much for the share of women in top groups with some important exceptions. Relating our findings to the existing evidence on women in the top of the income distribution based on aggregate tax data, we find that LIS-data give a relatively accurate picture of the basic findings. However, we also note that once we divide the top1 group further, samples quickly become too small to allow further study. For countries where data allows such analysis, we find that having a partner and having children are positively associated with being in top income groups for men, but negatively associated for women. However, time interactions suggest that these differences have decreased over time. Also, top income men are more likely to have partners who are not in the top of the income distribution while this is not the case for top income women. All these results are surprisingly consistent across country groups.

Poverty and Inequality: Introduction

2011 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. R1-R6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Portes
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Over Time

The themed section of this Review includes four papers that look, through different lenses, at the evolution of the UK income distribution — the components and dynamics of income over time. Each contains significant new contributions to our understanding; taken together with other contributions to this literature, they paint a much richer picture of this issue, and provide some pointers about what we should be looking for in the future.

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