Contiguous Aggregate Packing as Common Principle for Asphalt Density, Strength and Permeability Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile Horak ◽  
Julius Komba ◽  
James Maina ◽  
Haissam Sebaaly
Author(s):  
Ben Seymour ◽  
Ivo Vlaev ◽  
Irma Kurniawan ◽  
Julia Trommerhauser ◽  
Ray Dolan ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Li Voti ◽  
Grigore Leahu ◽  
Concita Sibilia ◽  
Roberto Matassa ◽  
Giuseppe Familiari ◽  
...  

Photoacoustic detection signal has been used to build a new strategy to determine the mesoscale self-assembly of metal nanoparticles in terms of size distribution and aggregate packing density (metal nanoparticles...


2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena W. Morrison ◽  
Charles A. Downs

Scientists and clinicians frequently use immunological methods (IMs) to investigate complex biological phenomena. Commonly used IMs include immunocytochemistry (IC), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and flow cytometry. Each of these methodologies exploits a common principle in IMs —the binding of an antibody to its antigen. Scientists continue to develop new methodologies, such as high-throughput immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in vivo imaging techniques, which exploit antibody—antigen binding, to more accurately answer complex research questions involving single cells up to whole organ systems. The purpose of this paper is to discuss established and evolving IMs and to illustrate the application of these methods to nursing research.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison I. Weber ◽  
Kamesh Krishnamurthy ◽  
Adrienne L. Fairhall

Adaptation is a common principle that recurs throughout the nervous system at all stages of processing. This principle manifests in a variety of phenomena, from spike frequency adaptation, to apparent changes in receptive fields with changes in stimulus statistics, to enhanced responses to unexpected stimuli. The ubiquity of adaptation leads naturally to the question: What purpose do these different types of adaptation serve? A diverse set of theories, often highly overlapping, has been proposed to explain the functional role of adaptive phenomena. In this review, we discuss several of these theoretical frameworks, highlighting relationships among them and clarifying distinctions. We summarize observations of the varied manifestations of adaptation, particularly as they relate to these theoretical frameworks, focusing throughout on the visual system and making connections to other sensory systems.


The object of the general investigation, of which the commencement is given in this paper, is to determine the relative composition of the various resins which occur in nature, and to trace the analogies they exhibit in their constitution; and also to ascertain how far they may be regarded as being derived from one common principle, and whether they admit of being all represented by one or more general formulæ. The chemical investigation of the resin of mastic shows that this substance consists of two resins; the one soluble, and acid; the other insoluble, and having no acid properties. The formulæ expressing the analysis of each of these are given by the author. He also shows that a series of analyses may be obtained which do not indicate the true constitution of a resin. The soluble resin, when exposed to the prolonged action of a heat exceeding 300° Fahr. is partly converted into a resin containing three, and partly into one containing five equivalent parts of oxygen, the proportion of carbon remaining constant. The same resin combines with bases, so as to form four series of salts; which, in the case of oxide of lead, consist of equivalents of resin and of oxide in the proportions, respectively, of two to one; three to two; one to one; and one to two. This soluble resin in combining with bases does not part with any of its oxygen; but if any change takes place in its constitution, it consists in the hydrogen being replaced by an equivalent proportion of a metal; and formulæ are given representing the salts of lead on this theoretical view. By boiling the resin in contact with ammonia and nitrate of silver, or perhaps with nitrate of ammonia, it is converted into a resin which forms a bisalt with oxide of silver, in winch there is also an apparent replacement of hydrogen by silver .


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