EU Sanctions on Belarus as an Effective Policy Tool

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Aslund ◽  
Jan Hagemejer
Keyword(s):  
Policy Tool ◽  
Effective Policy

scholarly journals To Trade or Not To Trade? Criteria for Applying Cap and Trade

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 953-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Benkovic ◽  
Joseph Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Emissions Trading ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Trading Program ◽  
The U.S

The use of emissions trading (cap and trade) is gaining worldwide recognition as an extremely effective policy tool. The U.S. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Emissions Trading Program has achieved an unprecedented level of environmental protection in a cost-effective manner. The successful results of the program have led domestic and foreign governments to consider the application of cap and trade to address other air quality issues. Certain analyses are particularly important in determining whether or not cap and trade is an appropriate policy tool. This paper offers a set of questions that can be used as criteria for determining whether or not cap and trade is the preferred policy approach to an environmental problem.

scholarly journals Consolidated Climate Markets Mechanism Analysis—Case Studies of China, Japan, and Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6478
Author(s):  
Jules Chuang ◽  
Hsing-Lung Lien ◽  
Akemi Kokubo Roche ◽  
Pei-Hsuan Liao ◽  
Walter Den
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
Primary Instrument

The post-Kyoto Protocol era has seen a transition to focus on the development of a renewable energy (RE) market as a primary instrument to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. This paper analyses the development of GHG reduction and RE market in China, Japan, and Taiwan that are geographically proximate but socioeconomically diverse, and each plays a different but significant role in the world’s economy. By deploying a consolidated model incorporating the key components of market drivers underlying the goal of achieving GHG reduction, we threaded through the policy- and market-instruments implemented for each of the case studies over the past 20 years using the model. One commonality is that subsidiary schemes in the form of feed-in tariffs have served as an effective policy tool to boost the growth of renewable energy installations, though the worsening financial burden renders this path unsustainable. Over-reliance on feed-in-tariff schemes may have also impeded the liberation of an energy market pivotal to the success of elevating RE portfolio through trading mechanisms. What followed were the implementations of renewable energy certificate (REC) systems that have experienced various roadblocks leading to failures of the certificate market. By understanding the paths engaged in each of the cases, a conceptualized strategy depicted by the consolidated model is proposed to show the links between a renewable market and a carbon market. The framework would expedite the trading of RECs and carbon credits to accelerate the attainment of GHG emission reduction goals.

TRADE OPENNESS AND THE PHILLIPS CURVE: EVIDENCE FROM ASEAN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
FUMITAKA FURUOKA ◽  
PUI KIEW LING ◽  
MA TIN CHOMAR ◽  
LARISA NIKITINA
Keyword(s):  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Empirical Finding ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
High Inflation ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Central Bankers

A flattening of the Phillips curve in recent decades has attracted a considerable interest of researchers and central bankers. As trade openness might be among the main causes of this phenomenon, this study puts forward a testable ‘openness–Phillips curve’ hypothesis. Two methods — a static and a dynamic approaches — were employed to test the hypothesis by estimating slope coefficients of the new Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) and hybrid NKPC in ten ASEAN countries. A notable empirical finding is that in the periods of a higher trade openness, the Phillips curve tended to be flatter in the close economies and steeper in the open economies. These findings have some economic and political implications. The main one is that central banks in the ASEAN countries where the flattening of the Phillips curve takes place would not be able to employ the Phillips curve as an effective policy tool. Besides, countries with high inflation and unemployment rates could face some political uncertainty.

scholarly journals Can Foreign Aid Dampen the Threat of Terrorism to International Trade? Evidence from 78 Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice Asongu ◽  
Ivo J. Leke
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Transnational Terrorism ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Risky Investment ◽  
Trade Distribution ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Effective Policy

The study investigates whether development assistance can be used to crowd-out the negative effect of terrorism on international trade. The empirical evidence is based on a panel of 78 developing countries for the period 1984–2008 and quantile regressions. The following main findings are established. First, bilateral aid significantly reduces the negative effect of transnational terrorism on trade in the top quantiles of trade distribution. Second, multilateral aid also significantly mitigates the negative effect of terrorism dynamics on trade in the top quantiles of trade distributions. It follows that it is primarily in countries with above-median levels of international trade that development assistance can be used as an effective policy tool for dampening the adverse effects of terrorism on trade. Practical implications are discussed. Moreover, steps or strategies that can be adopted by managers of corporations involved in international trade are provided, inter alia: (a) the improvement in physical security in high risky places, (b) the reduction of uncertainty linked with politically risky investment environments, (c) the reduction of costs associated with investments in locations that are very likely to be impacted by terrorism, (d) the role of security consultants and (e) the enhancement of security in networks. JEL: F40, F23, F35, Q34, O40

Shouting Toward Each Other: Economics, Ideology and Public Service Television Policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Picard
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Non Linear Programming ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
National Life ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Growing Environment

This chapter argues that the continued usefulness of public service television as a policy tool must be assessed within the broader perspective of the contributions of the broader broadcasting and digital sectors to national life and should not consider public service television in isolation. For the debate about public service television to contribute to an effective policy solution, bigger questions will need to be addressed. Among them are the following: What functions should television serve in social and public life? What does UK society need from it? What roles will broadcasting — public service and commercial — play in the growing environment of streamed linear and non-linear programming? What functions and needs does public service television fulfil that are not adequately performed or met by commercial broadcasting and digital streaming?

scholarly journals When Is Foreign Exchange Intervention Effective? Evidence from 33 Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Fratzscher ◽  
Oliver Gloede ◽  
Lukas Menkhoff ◽  
Lucio Sarno ◽  
Tobias Stöhr
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Foreign Exchange Intervention ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The Exchange Rate

This paper examines foreign exchange intervention based on novel daily data covering 33 countries from 1995 to 2011. We find that intervention is widely used and an effective policy tool, with a success rate in excess of 80 percent under some criteria. The policy works well in terms of smoothing the path of exchange rates, and in stabilizing the exchange rate in countries with narrow band regimes. Moving the level of the exchange rate in flexible regimes requires that some conditions are met, including the use of large volumes and that intervention is made public and supported via communication. (JEL E52, E58, F31, F33, O19, O24)

scholarly journals Currency Interventions: Effective Policy Tool or Shortsighted Gamble?

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
Keith Pilbeam ◽  
Arturo Bris ◽  
Cinzia Alcidi ◽  
Mikkel Barslund ◽  
Willem Pieter De Groen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Tool ◽  
Effective Policy

scholarly journals Temporary Use as a Participatory Placemaking Tool to Support Cultural Initiatives and Its Connection to City Marketing Strategies—The Case of Athens

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1652
Author(s):  
Nicholas Karachalis
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Field Research ◽  
City Marketing ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

For many cities, abandoned or underused spaces pose a major challenge, but temporary use is being manifested as a tool that can offer solutions. So-called “meanwhile spaces” provide opportunities for city officials to create the conditions for the cultural economy to be supported while simultaneously meeting urban regeneration goals and supporting city marketing purposes. In European cities, such as Berlin, Ghent, Nantes, and Bremen, there are examples where “temporary urbanism” is being incorporated into mainstream policy and is forming part of the city’s identity and tourism promotion. Temporary use is discussed in the context of current challenges facing European cities (austerity crisis, unemployment, refugee crisis, lack of affordable housing or office space). In this paper, the focus is on the creative sector. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has sparked discussion on how temporary use can cover a community’s needs. In this contextual framework, the scope was to explore the conditions under which temporary use becomes an effective policy tool and discuss management issues and difficulties that may arise. A description and analysis of the particularities of initiatives that were implemented in Athens compared to the ones in other European cities are presented. This paper is partly based on the works of the Athens URBACT Refill project, which included an extended consultation process with local stakeholders. Further field research was conducted regarding how temporary use initiatives with a cultural focus have been managed and the way the relations between owners, managers, and users were formed. Feedback from users and stakeholders’ representatives is presented. The key findings refer to the evaluation of the approaches used in temporary use initiatives with a cultural focus, the future perspectives, and the difficulty with drawing early conclusions on the effectiveness of these initiatives and the impact on the reputation of the city. Finally, the discussion is linked with promoting Athens as a city that allows experimentation by citizens’ groups and cultural initiatives in the context of temporary interventions.

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