Visual Merchandising,ethnocentrism and Premium Pricing Marketing Strategies that Are Espoused in Different Types of Industries of Sri Lankan and Global Context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanduni Hansika
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Visual Merchandising

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of a new accelerometer-based device for detecting physical activities and energy expenditure

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxiang Yang ◽  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Shenglong Le ◽  
Shulin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Intra Class Correlation ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Different Types

Background Objective assessments of sedentary behavior and physical activity (PA) by using accelerometer-based wearable devices are ever expanding, given their importance in the global context of health maintenance. This study aimed to determine the reliability and validity of a new accelerometer-based analyzer (Fibion) for detecting different PAs and estimating energy expenditure (EE) during a simulated free-living day. Methods The study consisted of two parts: a reliability (n = 18) and a validity (n = 19) test. Reliability was assessed by a 45 min protocol of repeated sitting, standing, and walking (i.e., 3 × 15 min, repeated twice), using both Fibion and ActiGraph. Validity was assessed by a 12 h continuous sequence tasks of different types (sitting, standing, walking, and cycling) and intensities (light [LPA], moderate [MPA], and vigorous [VPA]) of PA. Two Fibion devices were worn on the thigh (FT) and in the pocket (FP), respectively and were compared with criteria measures, such as direct observation (criterion 1) and oxygen consumption by a portable gas analyzer, K4b2 (criterion 2). Results FT (intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs): 0.687–0.806) provided similar reliability as the Actigraph (ICCs: 0.661–0.806) for EE estimation. However, the measurement error (ME) of FT compared to the actual time records indicated an underestimation of duration by 5.1 ± 1.2%, 3.8 ± 0.3% and 14.9 ± 2.6% during sitting, walking, and standing, respectively. During the validity test, FT but not FP showed a moderate agreement but lager variance with the criteria (1 and 2) in assessing duration of sitting, long sitting, LPA, MPA, and VPA (p > 0.05, ICCs: 0.071–0.537), as well as for EE estimation of standing, LPA, MPA, and VPA (p > 0.05, ICCs: 0.673–0.894). Conclusions FT provided similar reliability to that of the Actigraph. However, low correlations between subsequent measurements of both devices indicated large random MEs, which were somewhat diminished during the simulated 12 h real-life test. Furthermore, FT may accurately determine the types, intensities of PA and EE during prolonged periods with substantial changes in postures, indicating that the location of the accelerometer is essential. Further study with a large cohort is needed to confirm the usability of Fibion, especially for detecting the low-intensity PAs.

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