scholarly journals The Changing Link between Labor Cost and Price Inflation in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bobeica ◽  
Matteo Ciccarelli ◽  
Isabel Vansteenkiste
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Price Inflation

Oil price-inflation pass-through in the United States over 1871 to 2018: A wavelet coherency analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviral Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Juncal Cunado ◽  
Abdulnasser Hatemi-J ◽  
Rangan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Wavelet Coherency

scholarly journals Cancer Drugs: An International Comparison of Postlicensing Price Inflation

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e538-e542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Savage ◽  
Sarah Mahmoud ◽  
Yogin Patel ◽  
Hagop Kantarjian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Drug Prices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Price Increases

Purpose: The cost of cancer drugs forms a rising proportion of health care budgets worldwide. A number of studies have examined international comparisons of initial cost, but there is little work on postlicensing price increases. To examine this, we compared cancer drug prices at initial sale and subsequent price inflation in the United States and United Kingdom and also reviewed relevant price control mechanisms. Methods: The 10 top-selling cancer drugs were selected, and their prices at initial launch and in 2015 were compared. Standard nondiscounted prices were obtained from the relevant annual copies of the RED BOOK and the British National Formulary. Results: At initial marketing, prices were on average 42% higher in the United States than in the United Kingdom. After licensing in the United States, all 10 drugs had price rises averaging an overall annual 8.8% (range, 1.4% to 24.1%) increase. In comparison, in the United Kingdom, six drugs had unchanged prices, two had decreased prices, and two had modest price increases. The overall annual increase in the United Kingdom was 0.24%. Conclusion: Cancer drug prices are rising substantially, both at their initial marketing price and, in the United States, at postlicensing prices. In the United Kingdom, the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme, an agreement between the government and the pharmaceutical industry, controls health care costs while allowing a return on investment and funds for research. The increasing costs of cancer drugs are approaching the limits of sustainability, and a similar government-industry agreement may allow stability for both health care provision and the pharmaceutical industry in the United States.

Polaris Industries Inc.

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sunil Chopra ◽  
Ioana Andreas ◽  
Sigmund Gee ◽  
Ivi Kolasi ◽  
Stephane Lhoste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
List Type ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Manufacturing Facility ◽  
Facility Locations ◽  
The Impact

In September 2010 Suresh Krishna, vice president of operations and integration at Polaris Industries Inc., a manufacturer of all-terrain vehicles, Side-by-Sides, and snowmobiles, needed to recommend a location for a new plant to manufacture the company's Side-by-Side vehicles.The economic slowdown in the United States had put considerable pressure on Polaris's profits, so the company was considering whether it should follow the lead of other manufacturers and open a facility in a country with lower labor costs. China and Mexico were shortlisted as possible locations for the new factory, which would be the first Polaris manufacturing facility located outside the Midwestern United States. By the end of the year Krishna needed to recommend to the board whether Polaris should build a new plant abroad (near-shored in Mexico or off-shored in China) or continue to manufacture in its American facilities. Evaluate tradeoffs between different geographic locations when establishing a manufacturing facility (off-shoring, near-shoring, and on-shoring) Run a sensitivity analysis on total cost Assess the impact of transportation costs, exchange rates, labor cost rates, lead times, and other assumptions on total costs Identify qualitative factors to be considered when deciding between non-U.S. facility locations, transportation time variability, consumer perceptions, and cultural differences

scholarly journals PHP32 - IMPACT OF MANUFACTURER COMPETITION ON PRESCRIPTION DRUG PRICE INFLATION IN THE UNITED STATES

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S156
Author(s):  
I. Hernandez ◽  
C.B. Good ◽  
W.F. Gellad ◽  
N. Parekh ◽  
M. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Drug Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Price Inflation

scholarly journals Core Import Price Inflation in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (131) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Koech ◽  
◽  
Mark A. Wynne ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Import Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Price Inflation

scholarly journals Establishing Cucumber Production in Lesser Developed Countries: An Absolute Cost Advantage of Mexico versus Hispaniola Producers

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-472
Author(s):  
Byron L. Frenz ◽  
Jack E. Staub
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Price Risks

During winter months, a substantial volume of various horticultural products are imported to the United States from the Caribbean and Central and South America. United States cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) processors who market fresh-pack and refrigerated products require raw product daily to meet consumer demands. Mexico serves as a single-source supplier to all United States processors during this period, and thus Mexican production represents certain price risks. United States processors would consider other growing regions to reduce these risks if financially attractive alternatives could be identified. Therefore, a project was initiated to acquire information on production and export costs in Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), and to compare those to Mexican and United States production and transport costs. Experimentation lead to the identification of the critical influences of market prices, costs and conditions for the financial feasibility of establishing a processing cucumber industry on Hispaniola. Comparative evaluation indicated that significant variation in total cost was caused by fluctuations in transport, tariffs, and labor cost components. The causes of variation in transportation costs were distance, method (sea, air, truck), competitive demand (volume), and shipping frequency, consistency, and capacity.

scholarly journals ‘It's Gotta Be Da Shoes’: Domestic Manufacturing, International Subcontracting, and the Production of Athletic Footwear

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1103-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Barff ◽  
J Austen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Production Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Athletic Shoes ◽  
Cost Differentials ◽  
Athletic Footwear

An apparent paradox exists in the geography of athletic footwear production. The industry is highly labor intensive; it is also locationally volatile. Although most production now takes place in Southeast Asia, the United States nevertheless still contains significant enclaves of athletic footwear production. Moreover, the cheapest shoes continue to be produced in the United States whereas more complex, expensive models tend to be manufactured in Asia. To understand this geography, we must move beyond the basic consideration of international labor-cost differentials. By means of two case studies, it is shown that domestic production involves very different labor processes from those of production based in other countries and, like many other sectors of the economy, domestic producers gain advantage by carrying smaller inventories through faster lead times. The best explanation, though, centers on the shoes themselves. Athletic shoes produced in the United States tend to have many fewer stitches in them than those manufactured elsewhere, which minimizes the most expensive component of the production process. Furthermore, tariffs on athletic shoes massively discriminate against imported shoes of a particular construction.

scholarly journals Wage Differentials, Bargaining Protocols, and Trade Unionism in Mid-Twentieth-Century American Labor Markets

ILR Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 001979392092896
Author(s):  
John Pencavel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
Price Inflation ◽  
Trade Unionism ◽  
American Labor

Income inequality in the United States has been lower in periods when trade unionism has been strong. Using observations on wages by occupation, by geography, and by gender in collective bargaining contracts from the 1940s to the 1970s, patterns in movements of wage differentials are revealed. As wages increased, some contracts maintained relative wage differentials constant, some maintained absolute differences in wages constant, others combined these two patterns, and some did not reveal an obvious pattern. The patterns persisted even as price inflation increased in the 1970s. The dominant pattern implies a reduction in inequality as usually measured.

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