The Short-Term Impact of Covid-19 on Labor Markets, Poverty and Inequality in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diala Al Masri ◽  
Valentina Flamini ◽  
Frederik Toscani
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

scholarly journals The Short-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Labor Markets, Poverty and Inequality in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (066) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Valentina Flamini ◽  
Frederik Toscani ◽  
Diala Al Masri
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Poverty And Inequality

Expanding the Field of View: The Role of Agricultural Employers in Street-Level Immigration Policy Implementation

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
New York State ◽  
Farm Labor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Street Level

More than half the U.S. farm labor force is undocumented, and thousands of U.S. employers hire farmworkers through the short-term H-2A visa program. Immigration enforcement and H-2A policy thus have an important role in farm labor markets, but its nature depends on street-level policy implementation dynamics. An interview-based case study in New York State extended literature on street-level bureaucrats by broadening the focus to actors outside government in the context of labor markets. The research specifies employer roles in policy implementation as beneficiaries of policy, de facto policy implementers, and citizens reacting to or attempting to influence policy.

scholarly journals Do Employers Use Unemployment as a Sorting Criterion When Hiring? Evidence from a Field Experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 1014-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Eriksson ◽  
Dan-Olof Rooth
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Unemployment Spells ◽  
Negative Signal

The stigma associated with long-term unemployment spells could create large inefficiencies in labor markets. While the existing literature points toward large stigma effects, it has proven difficult to estimate causal relationships. Using data from a field experiment, we find that long-term unemployment spells in the past do not matter for employers' hiring decisions, suggesting that subsequent work experience eliminates this negative signal. Nor do employers treat contemporary short-term unemployment spells differently, suggesting that they understand that worker/firm matching takes time. However, employers attach a negative value to contemporary unemployment spells lasting at least nine months, providing evidence of stigma effects. (JEL E24, J23, J64, J71)

scholarly journals Relationship Dynamics of Sustainable Development Goals on Poverty and Inequality in sub-Saharan Africa: Beyond the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume II (December 2021) ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Ajeigbe Omowumi Monisola
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Relationship Dynamics ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Sub Saharan

The study examined the relationship dynamics of sustainable development goals on poverty and inequality in sub-Saharan Africa: beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Monthly data were sourced from World Bank Sustainable Development Goals Data Bank, Africa SDG index from 2015 (m01) to 2020 (m12). Both static and dynamic panel analysis techniques were employed in estimating the interrelationship among the seventeen SDGs and cases of COVID-19. The study presents mixed results as it revealed the SDGs having both and either positive or negative short run or long run relationship with poverty, inequality and COVID-19. By implication, some SDGs presents a short-term relationship while some SDGs presents a long-term relationship. In another scenario, some SDGs presents both short term and long-term relationship towards the achievement of No poverty and reducing inequality on or before year 2030. The study therefore recommends that policy should be put in place in sub-Saharan Africa so as to differentiate the SDGs having short term goals from SDGs having long term goals and from the SDGs having both short term and long-term goals towards the achievement of No Poverty and reducing Inequality on or before year 2030.

Book Reviews

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1303-1305
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
External Debt ◽  
National Income ◽  
Technology Entrepreneurship ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

Marti Mestieri of Toulouse School of Economics reviews “Understanding Growth and Poverty: Theory, Policy, and Empirics” by Raj Nallari and Breda Griffith. The EconLit abstract of the reviewed work begins, “Presents an introduction to the theories and policies that affect economic growth and poverty. Discusses poverty and how we measure it; national income and how we measure it; growth, poverty, and inequality--an overview; government and the economy--a focus on fiscal policy; monetary policy, inflation, and exchange rates; financial development; development assistance; external debt; trade policy; institutions and growth; education; health; labor markets; land and agriculture; technology, entrepreneurship, and productivity; urbanization and growth; corruption and poverty; regulation and economic growth; shocks, volatility, and growth; the politics of growth and poverty; and climate change and the wealth of nations. Glossary; index.”

scholarly journals Transforming the Systems that Contribute to Fragility and Humanitarian Crises: Programming across the triple nexus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Infante
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Humanitarian Relief ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Briefing Paper ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Common Goals

Conflicts and shocks linked to climate change are more frequent and intense, leading to poverty and inequality, exacerbating these phenomena and people’s vulnerability. In this context, humanitarian relief, development programmes and peacebuilding are not serial processes; they are all needed at the same time to tackle the systemic inequalities that trap people in poverty and expose them to risk. The triple nexus, or programming across humanitarian-development-peace pillars, thus means creating synergies and common goals across short-term emergency response programmes and longer-term social change processes in development, as well as enhancing opportunities for peace so that individuals can enjoy the full spectrum of human rights. This briefing paper aims to identify the tensions and dilemmas that Oxfam faces when programming across the nexus and sets out new policy to address these dilemmas, building upon Oxfam’s 2019 discussion paper on the triple nexus.

scholarly journals Short-term Migration, Rural Public Works, and Urban Labor Markets: Evidence from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 927-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Imbert ◽  
John Papp
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Urban Labor Markets

Abstract This paper studies the effect of India's rural public works program on rural-to-urban migration and urban labor markets. We find that seasonal migration from rural districts that implemented the program decreased relative to those that were selected to, but did not implement it. We use a gravity model and find that real wages rose faster in cities with higher predicted migration from program districts. Since most seasonal migrants work outside of their district, urban wage increases were not limited to program districts, and may have attracted migrants from nonprogram districts. Difference-in-differences may hence be biased. Structural estimates indeed suggest that migration decreased by 22% in program districts, but also increased by 5% in nonprogram districts. As a result, urban wages increased by only 0.5%, against 4.1% if the program had been implemented in all selected districts.

scholarly journals Labor Market Rigidity, Unemployment, and the Great Recession

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Tasci ◽  
Mary Zenker
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Flexible Labor ◽  
Labor Market Policies ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
The U.S

Countries with very flexible institutions and labor market polices, like the U.S., experienced substantial increases in unemployment over the course of the Great Recession, while countries with relatively rigid institutions and strict labor market policies, such as France, fared better. However, this better short-term performance comes with a tradeoff: evidence suggests that flexible labor markets keep unemployment lower in the long run.

Gender and Work during Transition

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy M. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Gender And Work ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Market Capitalism ◽  
Cross National

Did gender affect access to jobs during the transition from state socialism to market capitalism in Eastern Europe and Russia? Using cross-national survey data from 1993 and 2000, this analysis tests several competing hypotheses regarding labor force participation during periods of economic restructuring and recession. In 1993, women, those with service sector experience, and those with high levels of education enjoyed a degree of protection from job loss. By 2000, however, sizeable and significant penalties existed for many women, particularly those with young children. These findings are consistent with the short-term predictions of segmentation theory, which center on differences between men and women's ability to hold onto jobs during periods of economic restructuring. As economies restructured and recovered from major economic losses, women became increasingly vulnerable in the nascent capitalist labor markets.

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