scholarly journals Short-term Migration, Rural Public Works, and Urban Labor Markets: Evidence from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 927-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Imbert ◽  
John Papp
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
Urban Labor Markets

Abstract This paper studies the effect of India's rural public works program on rural-to-urban migration and urban labor markets. We find that seasonal migration from rural districts that implemented the program decreased relative to those that were selected to, but did not implement it. We use a gravity model and find that real wages rose faster in cities with higher predicted migration from program districts. Since most seasonal migrants work outside of their district, urban wage increases were not limited to program districts, and may have attracted migrants from nonprogram districts. Difference-in-differences may hence be biased. Structural estimates indeed suggest that migration decreased by 22% in program districts, but also increased by 5% in nonprogram districts. As a result, urban wages increased by only 0.5%, against 4.1% if the program had been implemented in all selected districts.

Hiring in Urban Labor Markets

2001 ◽  
pp. 601-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Moss ◽  
Chris Tilly
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
Urban Labor Markets

The Impact of the Irish on British Labor Markets During the Industrial Revolution

1986 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
The Impact

The Irish immigrations during the First Industrial Revolution serve to complicate any assessment of Britain's economic performance up to the 1850s. This paper estimates the size of the Irish immigrations and explores its impact on real wages, rural-urban migration, and industrialization. Using a general equilibrium model, the paper finds that the Irish did not play a significant role in accounting for rising inequality, lagging real wages, or rapid industrialization.

scholarly journals Labor Market Outcomes and Reforms in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
Urban Labor Markets

Over the past few decades of economic reform, China's labor markets have been transformed to an increasingly market-driven system. China has two segregated economies: the rural and urban. Understanding the shifting nature of this divide is probably the key to understanding the most important labor market reform issues of the last decades and the decades ahead. From 1949, the Chinese economy allowed virtually no labor mobility between the rural and urban sectors. Rural-urban segregation was enforced by a household registration system called “hukou.” Individuals born in rural areas receive “agriculture hukou” while those born in cities are designated as “nonagricultural hukou.” In the countryside, employment and income were linked to the commune-based production system. Collectively owned communes provided very basic coverage for health, education, and pensions. In cities, state-assigned life-time employment, centrally determined wages, and a cradle-to-grave social welfare system were implemented. In the late 1970s, China's economic reforms began, but the timing and pattern of the changes were quite different across rural and urban labor markets. This paper focuses on employment and wages in the urban labor markets, the interaction between the urban and rural labor markets through migration, and future labor market challenges. Despite the remarkable changes that have occurred, inherited institutional impediments still play an important role in the allocation of labor; the hukou system remains in place, and 72 percent of China's population is still identified as rural hukou holders. China must continue to ease its restrictions on rural–urban migration, and must adopt policies to close the widening rural–urban gap in education, or it risks suffering both a shortage of workers in the growing urban areas and a deepening urban–rural economic divide.

URBAN LABOR MARKETS AND DEVELOPMENT

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subbiah Kannappan
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
Urban Labor Markets

Urban Labor Markets and Job Opportunities.

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Irene Browne ◽  
George E. Peterson ◽  
Wayne Vroman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
Urban Labor Markets
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