Different Lattice Distortion Effects on the Tensile Properties of Ni-W Dilute Solutions and CrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi Concentrated Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Hao Lin ◽  
Chieh-Min Tseng ◽  
Chu-Chun Chueh ◽  
Shou-Yi Chang ◽  
Yu-Chieh Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions

scholarly journals Different Lattice distortion effects on the tensile properties of Ni-W Dilute solutions and CrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi Concentrated solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 117399
Author(s):  
Kuan-Hao Lin ◽  
Chieh-Min Tseng ◽  
Chu-Chun Chueh ◽  
Shou-Yi Chang ◽  
Yu-Chieh Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions

Molecular Transformations in DNA under the Influence of UV-radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigen G. Barkhudaryan ◽  
Gayane V. Ananyan ◽  
Nelli H. Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Calf Thymus Dna ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
Dna Solutions

Background: The processes of destruction and crosslinking of macromolecules occur simultaneously under the influence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in synthetic polymers, dry DNA and their concentrated solutions. Objective: The effect of UV radiation on calf thymus DNA in dilute solutions subjected to UV- irradiation was studied in this work. Method: The calf thymus DNA was studied in dilute solutions using viscometry, absorption spectroscopy and electrophoresis. Results: It was shown, that at a low concentration of DNA in the buffer solution ([DNA] = 85 μg / ml) under the influence of UV radiation, the processes of destruction of macromolecules and an increase in their flexibility predominate, which is accompanied by a gradual decrease in the viscosity of their solution. In addition, due to the low concentration of the solution, intramolecular crosslinking of macromolecules predominates, which also reduces their size and, consequently, the viscosity of the solution. Conclusion: It was concluded, that in dilute DNA solutions, due to the predominance of the processes of intramolecular crosslinking of macromolecules over intermolecular, only constant processes of decreasing the sizes of DNA macromolecules occur. As a result, its solubility remains virtually unchanged during UV irradiation. The described comments are also excellently confirmed by the results of absorption spectroscopy and electrophoresis

Molar volumes and refractivities of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium and potassium thiocyanates in water and dimethylsulphoxide

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2244-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Pacák ◽  
Zdenĕk Kodejš
Keyword(s):  
Composition Range ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Lorenz Equation ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Concentration Dependences

Densities and refractive indices of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium and potassium thiocyanates in water and dimethylsulphoxide have been measured at 333.2 K in the composition range from xs = 0.01 up to saturated solutions. Molar volumes and apparent molar volumes have been calculated from density measurements and their concentration dependences are discussed. All the systems are volumetrically non-ideal and exhibit negative deviations from additivity. The molar refractivities were calculated from the refractive indices using the Lorentz–Lorenz equation. The refractivity values of individual ions were estimated in infinitely dilute solutions and were used for discussion of ion–solvent interactions.

Properties of Solutions of Rodlike Chains from Dilute Solutions to the Nematic State

1988 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy C. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Physical Chemistry ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Nematic Phase ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Chain Conformation ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Nematic State ◽  
Rodlike Polymers

ABSTRACTCertain aspects of the physical chemistry of solutions rodlike polymers are reviewed. The range of concentrations includes infinite dilution ([ŋ]c<<l), dilute solutions ([ŋ,]c<l), moderately concentrated solutions (l<[ŋ]c<[ŋ]cNI), and concentrated solutions (c<cN,), where [ŋ] is the intrinsic viscosity and cNI. is the concentration required for a stable nematic phase. Studies of chain conformation are emphasized at infinite dilution, and rheological behavior is emphasized for more concentrated isotropic and nematic solutions. Both theoretical and experimental considerations are included.

scholarly journals IX.—On the Relationship between Concentration and Electrolytic Conductivity in Concentrated Aqueous Solutions

1906 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
General Relationship ◽  
Electrolytic Conductivity ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Weak Electrolytes ◽  
The Relationship

Although great advances have been made during the last thirty years in our knowledge of dilute solutions, there has been no corresponding advance in respect of concentrated solutions. This is primarily due to the fact that hitherto no simple and general relationship has been discovered between the conductivity and the concentration of concentrated solutions of electrolytes. Ostwald's law of dilution holds only for dilute solutions of weak electrolytes, and the formulæ of Rudolphi and Van T'Hoff are applicable only to dilute solutions of good electrolytes. It seems therefore important to inquire whether the difficulty may not be to some extent overcome by an alteration in the mode of representing the facts.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CYANIDE ON THE PROTOPLASM OF AMEBA

1928 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floyd J. Brinley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions

The experiments seem to indicate that the toxicity of HCN and KCN for amebæ is due to their effect on the cell membrane and not on the internal protoplasm. Concentrated solutions (N/10–N/300) of HCN or KCN produce an initial increase in viscosity of the protoplasm of amebæ (immersed) which is followed by liquefaction and disintegration of the cell. Dilute solutions of HCN or KCN decrease the viscosity of the protoplasm of amebæ. Injections of HCN or KCN into amebæ produce a reversible decrease in viscosity of the protoplasm.

scholarly journals On the Effects of Injections of Quinine into the Tissues of Man and Animals

1919 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard S. Dudgeon
Keyword(s):  
Medical Service ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Strong Solutions ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Major General

In December 1917, Lieut.-Col. MacGilchrist of the Indian Medical Service published a paper on the necrosis produced by intra-muscular injections of strong solutions of quinine salts. It might be an advantage to quote the first few lines of this communication: “Advocates of intra-muscular injections of strong solutions of quinine salts for the treatment of malaria seldom omit to state that no local ill-effects are produced”. He records a case of tissue necrosis following on the intra-muscular injection of eleven grains of quinine bi-hydrochloride in thirty-four minims of water. Death supervened thirteen hours later. MacGilchrist especially noted, owing to rapid tissue necrosis, that the track of the needle remained patent. He regards as an established fact that most of the quinine injected is precipitated and probably chemically combined with serum proteins in the necrosed tissues and for this reason intramuscular injections of concentrated solutions of quinine salts are not to be recommended for cases of emergency. Very dilute solutions of quinine salts are, in his opinion, rapidly and completely absorbed whether employed subcutaneously or by the intra-muscular route. If the views which MacGilchrist puts forward in this and other communications are to be accepted without reserve then intra-muscular injections of strong solutions of quinine should no longer be employed. It was for this reason that Major-General Sir M. P. C. Holt, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., D.M.S., B.S.F., asked me to carry out an experimental enquiry on animals as to the effects produced by intra-muscular injections of strong solutions of quinine.

scholarly journals VIII. On some physical constants of saturated solutions

1904 ◽  
Vol 203 (359-371) ◽  
pp. 189-215 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Van Der Waals Equation ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Saturated Solutions

The following work was undertaken with a view to obtaining data for the tentative application of Van der Waals’ equation to concentrated solutions. It is evidently probable that if the ordinary gas equation be applicable to dilute solutions, then that of Van der Waals’, or one of an analogous form, should apply to concentrated solutions—that is, to solutions having large osmotic pressures. Saturated solutions were taken for investigation because they presumably have the greatest osmotic pressures, and also because there is reason to believe that, in concentrated solutions at a given temperature, the greater the concentration the less the relative dissociation. For the purpose in view, measurements of volume, pressure and temperature are required.

Effects of Drop Size, Spray Volume, and Dosage on Paraquat Toxicity

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. McKinlay ◽  
R. Ashford ◽  
R. J. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Dilute Solutions ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Dosage Rate ◽  
Paraquat Toxicity ◽  
Spray Volume

The effects of drop-size, dosage, and spray volume on the toxicity of aqueous sprays of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) were measured using sunflower (Helianthus annuusL. ‘Peredovik’). Small drops (100 μ) were more phytotoxic than large ones (350 μ), and concentrated solutions (5.5 L/ha) were more phytotoxic than dilute solutions (2.2 L/ha) at the same dosage rate.

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