Regulatory Autonomy under the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement: Implications of Korea – Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sanitary And Phytosanitary Agreement ◽  
Certification Requirements

Regulatory Autonomy under the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement: Implications of Korea–Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Yong-Shik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Member State ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
Regulatory Constraints ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Constant Tension ◽  
Sanitary And Phytosanitary Agreement ◽  
Certification Requirements

Abstract The recent WTO dispute case, Korea–Import Bans, and Testing and Certification Requirements for Radionuclides, illustrates complex legal issues and significant political implications associated with the regulatory autonomy of a sovereign country under the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (SPS Agreement). There has been constant tension between the sovereign right of a WTO member state to determine its own appropriate level of protection (ALOP) and the regulatory constraints imposed under the SPS Agreement to prevent abuse and disguised trade protection. The case emerged from this tension and raises questions on the extent of the regulatory autonomy in the application of an SPS measure. This article addresses these questions and examines the criteria for the qualitative standards for the ALOP, the question that the Appellate Body decision did not fully resolve. The criteria for the qualitative ALOP standards affect the regulatory autonomy significantly under the current SPS rules as they determine the manner and the extent to which a Member may meet the sensitive public interests in the application of an SPS measure. The article proposes a rational basis test to restrain abuse of SPS measures while preserving the regulatory autonomy protected under the SPS Agreement.

Qualification and Certification of Polyester Rope for Seabed Contact

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Øystein Gabrielsen ◽  
Kjell Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Qualification Test ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Certification Requirements

The Aasta Hansteen spar in the Norwegian Sea is designed to be moored with a taut polyester rope mooring system. The water depth at the field is 1300 meters, and due to the short installation season the most efficient hookup is with pre-installed mooring lines, which require the mooring lines to be laid down on the seabed. DNV certification does not allow seabed contact for polyester ropes unless proven that no soil ingress and damage takes place. To be able to certify the ropes Statoil developed a test method including contact with soil, rope movement and forced water flow through the filter construction. Full scale tests were performed with actual rope and Aasta Hansteen soil, both in laboratory and at site. This paper discusses the certification requirements and presents adequate qualification test together with results from testing.

scholarly journals Methodology of the Auditing Measures to Civil Airport Security and Protection

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (20) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Kolesár ◽  
Lucia Melníková ◽  
Daniela Heralová ◽  
Petr Daňko
Keyword(s):  
Airport Security ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Security Audit ◽  
National Programme ◽  
International Standardization Organization ◽  
Unlawful Interference ◽  
International Standardization ◽  
Independent Auditing ◽  
Certification Requirements ◽  
Standardization Organization

Airports similarly to other companies are certified in compliance with the International Standardization Organization (ISO) standards of products and services (series of ISO 9000 Standards regarding quality management), to coordinate the technical side of standardizatioon and normalization at an international scale. In order for the airports to meet the norms and the certification requirements as by the ISO they are liable to undergo strict audits of quality, as a rule, conducted by an independent auditing organization. Focus of the audits is primarily on airport operation economics and security. The article is an analysis into the methodology of the airport security audit processes and activities. Within the framework of planning, the sequence of steps is described in line with the principles and procedures of the Security Management System (SMS) and starndards established by the International Standardization Organization (ISO). The methodology of conducting airport security audit is developed in compliance with the national programme and international legislation standards (Annex 17) applicable to protection of civil aviation against acts of unlawful interference.

Is Special Education Certification a Guarantee of Teaching Excellence?

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathe Cross Maple
Keyword(s):  
Professional Growth ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Teacher Preparation Programs ◽  
Exceptional Children ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
Teaching Excellence ◽  
Personnel Planning ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Is Development ◽  
Certification Requirements

Based on experiences in Kansas, the problems discussed include: discrepancies between competency-based teacher education and current certification practices; categorical approaches to training and certification; reciprocal agreements for coursework and certification requirements; and the supply/demand of teachers. One strategy proposed for dealing with the situation is development of a code of professional ethics through the involvement of The Council for Exceptional Children and State Comprehensive Personnel Planning for the Handicapped Committees. Specific responses that could be implemented by the field include identifying competencies emphasized by teacher preparation programs, the use of professional growth plans, and a practical approach for recruiting potential teachers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document