Revisiting the Bottom-Up Budgeting Process in the Philippines: Issues, Findings and Recommendations

Attrition as a bottom-up pathway to subnational democratization

International Political Science Review ◽

10.1177/01925121211019269 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 019251212110192

Author(s):

Trix van Mierlo

Keyword(s):

Civil Society ◽

Field Research ◽

Building Blocks ◽

The Philippines ◽

Causal Process ◽

Bottom Up ◽

System A ◽

Extensive Field ◽

Democratic System

Oftentimes, democracy is not spread out evenly over the territory of a country. Instead, pockets of authoritarianism can persist within a democratic system. A growing body of literature questions how such subnational authoritarian enclaves can be democratized. Despite fascinating insights, all existing pathways rely on the actions of elites and are therefore top-down. This article seeks to kick-start the discussion on a bottom-up pathway to subnational democratization, by proposing the attrition mechanism. This mechanism consists of four parts and is the product of abductive inference through theory-building causal process tracing. The building blocks consist of subnational democratization literature, social movement theory, and original empirical data gathered during extensive field research. This case study focuses on the ‘Dynasty Slayer’ in the province of Isabela, the Philippines, where civil society actors used the attrition mechanism to facilitate subnational democratization. This study implies that civil society actors in subnational authoritarian enclaves have agency.

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Analyzing Bottom-Up Budgeting and Assistance to Disadvantaged Municipalities Program: Toward Participatory Budget Implementation in the First Legislative District of Nueva Ecija in the Philippines

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v10i3.17689 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 288

Author(s):

Ronnel Santarita Ubungen ◽

Vilma B. Ramos ◽

Rosemarie Riguer Casimiro

Keyword(s):

Research Question ◽

The Philippines ◽

Local Communities ◽

Civil Society Organizations ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Future Developments ◽

Qualitative Research Design ◽

Participatory Budget ◽

Cycle Of Poverty ◽

Technical Guidance

From 2014 to 2016, the Province of Nueva Ecija has been a constant beneficiary of the Bottom-up Budgeting (BuB) program. However, the change in administration and priority programs since June 2016 has resulted not only in the change in nomenclature from BuB to Assistance to Disadvantaged Municipalities (ADM) Program but also to the shift in focus in terms of budget share and activity options. While both programs are into breaking the cycle of poverty and empowering the local communities, there are differences among the two that needs further attention. The paper evaluates the implementation of the BuB program in the first legislative district of Nueva Ecija from 2014 to 2016 and analyzes the trend as as bases for the crafting of programs at par with the recent and future developments. The study employed descriptive qualitative research design particularly, content analysis to answer the research question. The study found out that a more responsive ADM program entails greater participation from the stakeholders such as civil society organizations with the technical guidance of the local government units.

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A Theory of Participative Budgeting

The Accounting Review ◽

10.2308/accr-50686 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 1025-1050 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Mirko S. Heinle ◽

Nicholas Ross ◽

Richard E. Saouma

Keyword(s):

Information Asymmetry ◽

Private Information ◽

Agency Costs ◽

Top Down ◽

Maximal Level ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Budgetary Slack ◽

Participative Budgeting ◽

And Performance ◽

Budgeting Process

ABSTRACT This paper complements the ongoing empirical discussion surrounding participative budgeting by comparing its economic merits relative to a top-down budgeting alternative. In both budgeting regimes, private information is communicated vertically between a principal and a manager. We show that top-down budgeting incurs fewer agency costs than bottom-up budgeting whenever the level of information asymmetry is relatively low. Although the choice between top-down and bottom-up budgeting ultimately determines who receives private information within the firm, we find that both the principal and manager's preferences over the allocation of private information remain qualitatively similar across the two budgeting paradigms. Specifically, while the principal always prefers either minimal or maximal private information, the manager prefers an interim or maximal level of private information regardless of who is privately informed. Last, we use our model to address empirical inconsistencies relating the firm's choice of budgeting process, the resulting budgetary slack, and performance.

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Analisis Proses Perencanaan dan Penganggaran APBD (Studi Kasus pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow)

JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI DAN AUDITING "GOODWILL" ◽

10.35800/jjs.v8i1.15428 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amna Paputungan ◽

Ventje Ilat ◽

Jenny Morasa

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

State Government ◽

Financial Management ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Local Governance ◽

Case Study Research ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Government Planning ◽

Budgeting Process

Abstract. Local Government Financial Management is a subsystem of State Government Financia Management. It is also a substantial element in operating local governance effectively, efficiently and economically by fulfilling main pillars of government operation. Those main pillars are transparency, accountability, and participative. These pillars are determined by the Indonesian Government Regulation Number 58 year 2005 and Permendagri Number 13 year 2006. The stages include planning and budgeting process, starting from absorption of people’s aspiration, setting up and the implementation of detailed planning and budgeting as regulated by constitutions. There are obstacles in the planning and budgeting process in Local Government of Bolaang Mongondow. Those obstacles are in Musrenbang stage, Local Government Budgeting Team, process of setting up KUA-PPAS and RKA-SKPD, budget discussion between DPRD members and APBD budgeting staff. This research also discusses their efforts to overcome the obstacles in the process of planning and budgeting of Local Government of BolaangMongondow APBD. This is a qualitative case study research. Data were collected by interviews and observation. Respondents are staff involving in the process of planning and budgeting. They are Government employees and members of DPRD in the Local Government of Bolaang Mongondow. This study undertook more than 2 months for collecting its data. Results indicate that the process planning and budgeting of APBD in the Local Government of Bolaang Mongondow has not fulfilled yet the regulations. Results also show that transparency is not yet conducted sufficiently and people’s aspirations have not been absorbed optimally, either bottom up or top down approach. It is, thus, efforts are needed to overcome such obstacles in the process of planning and budgeting of APBD in the Local Government of BolaangMongondow. Keywords: Local government planning and budgeting, people’s aspiration, Permendagri Number 58 year 2005, Permendagri Number 13 year 2006 Abstrak. Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah merupakan sub system dari Pengelolaan Keuangan Negara serta merupakan elemen pokok dalam penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah dalam rangka pengelolaan Keuangan Negara dan Daerah yang efektif, efisien dan ekonomis melalui tata kelola pemerintahan yang memenuhi pilar utama yaitu transparansi, akuntabilitas, dan partisipatif. Yang telah diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 58 Tahun 2005 dan Permendagri Nomor 13 Tahun 2006. Dimana tahapan proses perencanaan dan penganggaran dimulai dari penyerapan aspirasi masyarakat, waktu penyusunan, sampai pada tata cara pelaksanaan perencanaan dan penganggaran sudah diatur sedetail mungkin dalam peraturan perundang-undangan.Proses perencanaan dan penganggaran di Pemerintah Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow terdapat kendala-kendala dalam hal ini dimulai dari tahapan Musrenbang, peran Tim Anggaran Pemerintah Daerah, proses penyusunan KUA-PPAS, proses penyusunan RKA-SKPD, pembahasan anggaran dengan pihak DPRD dan penetapan anggaran APBD. Sehingga dalam penelitian ini ada upaya untuk mengatasi kendala yang terjadi dalam proses perencanaan dan penganggaran APBD di Pemerintah Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif metode studi kasus, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan orang-orang yang terkait dalam proses perencanaan dan penganggaran yang berasal dari Aparatur Sipil Negara dan anggota DPRD Pemerintah Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada Proses Perencanaan dan Penganggaran di Pemerintah Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow, dengan waktu penelitian kurang lebih 2 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan dan penganggaran APBD di Pemerintah Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow belum mematuhi peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada serta belum memaksimalkan transparansi dan keterlibatan masyarakat dalam hal ini pendekatan Bottom Up dan Top Down belum berjalan secara optimal. Sehingga harus ada upaya dalam menghadapi kendala dalam proses perencanaan dan penganggaran APBD di Pemerintah Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow. Kata Kunci : Perencanaan dan Penganggaran Daerah, Partisipasi Masyarakat, Permendagri Nomor 58 Tahun 2005 Permendagri Nomor13 Tahun 2006

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Effectiveness of Farmer Field School and Conventional Extension Trainings on Knowledge Gain among Farm Women

Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology ◽

10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i730613 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 96-103

Author(s):

J. Krishnan ◽

T. T. Ranganathan ◽

P. Ravichamy ◽

K. C. Sivabalan

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Green Revolution ◽

Rice Paddy ◽

The Philippines ◽

Knowledge Gain ◽

Knowledge Level ◽

African Countries ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Farmer Field School ◽

Field School

The world extension forum over three-four decades emphasized the people centric bottom up approach in extension work. In mid 1970s world bank had introduced Training and Visit (T&V) system of extension in 70 countries including India. This solely emphasized the dissemination of Green Revolution technologies to farmers, mainly in Asian and African countries with top down extension approach. Subsequently, FFS emerged in the rice paddy fields of the Philippines and Indonesia in the late 1980s where, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) had heavily involved from its incubation, development and spread to Asian, African countries and other parts of world in 1990s with the emphasis on bottom up approach and participatory extension services. This demanded a paradigm shift in extension purview and its methodology to factor upon farming fraternity participation in all possible ways. Despite that the technology transfer process remains unchanged and unrefined till now. The best features of extension methodologies are identified by making literature review pertaining to Farmer Field School (FFS) and Training and Visit (T&V) method of extension trainings. Both Farmer Field School (FFS) and conventional extension training methodologies were used to train women groundnut growers in Pennagaram villages, Dharmapuri, India and the change in knowledge level and the effectiveness of methodologies were studied. In context, 29 important crop production practices in groundnut cultivation were identified and surveyed with 300 participants of which, 50% of participants ( n=150) exposed to FFS way of training and 50% of participants (n=150) exposed to T&V way of training. Most (90-95%) of the survey respondents found that the FFS way of training as better effective than T&V way of training. Similarly, the knowledge level of 80 to 85% of participants who participated FFS way of training found to be more than the participants who attended T&V way of training.

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An Evidence-Based Typology of Asian Societies: What Do Asian Societies Look Like from the Bottom Up instead of Top Down?

Japanese Journal of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s1468109916000384 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 216-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

TAKASHI INOGUCHI

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

The Philippines ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Considerable Influence ◽

Top Down ◽

Varimax Rotation ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Asian Society ◽

The Subject

AbstractIn profiling Asian societies, such classical authors as Hegel, Marx, and Wittfogel have had considerable influence on the subject. They adopted power-centered approaches in characterizing Asian societies. This manuscript adopts the evidence-based approach with a bottom-up angle in constructing a people-centered typology of Asian societies. People's daily life satisfaction in 29 Asian societies is factor-analyzed with varimax rotation, society by society. Using the first two dimensions of factor analysis for each society, five types of Asian society are constructed: Ab, Ac, Ba, Bc, and Ca, where A means materialism in the primary, b means postmaterialism in the secondary, B means postmaterialism in the primary, a means materialism in the secondary, c means public sector dominance in the secondary, and C means public sector dominance in the primary. Ab societies include: Afghanistan, Indonesia, Japan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Ac societies include: China, South Korea, Taiwan, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Mongolia. Ba societies include: Hong Kong, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Kyrgyzstan. Bc includes Brunei, the Philippines, Bhutan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Kazakhstan. Ca societies include: Singapore and the Maldives. Responses to questions about lifestyle priorities are also provided to corroborate and reinforce the above typology. Applicability of this method is open to non-Asian as well as Asian societies.

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