The Timing of Teenage Births and the Signaling Value of a High School Degree

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle H Sandler ◽  
Lisa Schulkind
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Teenage Births

scholarly journals Depressive Symptom Trajectories and Early Adult Education and Employment: Comparing Longitudinal Cohorts in Canada and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4279
Author(s):  
Anita Minh ◽  
Ute Bültmann ◽  
Sijmen A. Reijneveld ◽  
Sander K. R. van Zon ◽  
Christopher B. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Depressive Symptom ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Education And Employment

Adolescent depressive symptoms are risk factors for lower education and unemployment in early adulthood. This study examines how the course of symptoms from ages 16–25 influences early adult education and employment in Canada and the USA. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (n = 2348) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79 Child/Young Adult (n = 3961), four trajectories (low-stable; increasing; decreasing; and increasing then decreasing, i.e., mid-peak) were linked to five outcomes (working with a post-secondary degree; a high school degree; no degree; in school; and NEET, i.e., not in employment, education, or training). In both countries, increasing, decreasing, and mid-peak trajectories were associated with higher odds of working with low educational credentials, and/or NEET relative to low-stable trajectories. In Canada, however, all trajectories had a higher predicted probability of either being in school or working with a post-secondary degree than the other outcomes; in the USA, all trajectory groups were most likely to be working with a high school degree. Higher depressive symptom levels at various points between adolescent and adulthood are associated with working with low education and NEET in Canada and the USA, but Canadians are more likely to have better education and employment outcomes.

scholarly journals Essays on intergenerational transmission in Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joonhong Ahn
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Parenting Quality ◽  
Academic High School

This dissertation studies the effects of parents' resources on children's labor market outcomes in Korea. The educational structure in Korea has changed substantially with rapid economic growth over the last several decades. There is a substantial difference between parents and children's average educational attainment. Because of economic development and schooling difference between parents and children, the intergenerational transmission of economic status may show different patterns than in developed countries. In addition, parents' health problems may play a role to limit children's educational attainment by reducing parenting quality during early childhood or adolescent periods. The dissertation estimates various causal channels of parents' economic resources to children. The dissertation consists of three chapters. In Chapter 1, I investigate the intergenerational relationship of earnings and education in Korea with particular attention to the trajectories of vocational and academic high school graduates. I estimate that the intergenerational earnings elasticity in Korea is 0.4, which is consistent with previous studies. When educational attainment of fathers and child are controlled, parental earnings are positively associated with children's earnings, although the association decreases to 0.08 (0.10) for sons (daughters). Sons whose fathers completed only a vocational high school degree have a greater chance of attending college than sons whose fathers completed only an academic high school degree. A college degree of a father helps children to have higher earnings and to increase their chance of attending and graduating from college. Father's education has a stronger impact on children's earnings when children's educational attainment is higher. A vocational high school degree reduces a child's probability of attending and completing college compared to academic high school graduates. However, notwithstanding this educational disadvantage, vocational graduates do not appear to suffer substantially in terms of expected earnings, relative to academic high school graduates. In the second chapter, I estimate the average causal effects of parents' educational attainment on the educational attainment of children in Korea using a new method, the nonparametric bounds approach. This approach does not require the assumption of homogeneous and linear effects of parental schooling. It also uses relatively weaker assumptions, monotone treatment response and monotone treatment selection, than assumption underlying other methods and is more amenable to testing. With the additional assumption of monotone instrumental variables, it provides the tightest bounds on the average treatment effects (ATE) that an increase in parents' education increases children's educational success. It also shows the effects are overestimated in simple regression models. The third chapter examines the effects of parental health on children's educational attainment. Parental illness changes parenting quality both by affecting family wealth and in other ways that influence children's labor market outcomes. Parental health problems can especially have relatively larger impacts on children's education when children are in either primary or secondary education than other periods. Longitudinal data from the Korean Labor Income Panel Survey, for the period 1998 - 2018, enables me to examine parental illness effects in the early childhood and adolescent period on ultimate educational achievement. Empirical application in this paper pays attention to situations that each parent's either unexpected or chronic health problems change children's human capital.

Adult Education Need vs. Capacity

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-93
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Adult Education ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
English Language ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
National Assessment ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Ged Credential

The 2004-2014 findings from the District of Columbia Comprehensive Assessment System (DC CAS) and the National Assessment of Educational Progress showed that the District's 4th and 9th graders scored 49th out of 51 states and territories in 2016. The District had switched to the federal PAARC test, and in 2017 it began to implement the Integrated Basic Education and Skills Training (I-BEST) model. Implementing this model means that students will work with two teachers in the classroom: one provides job-training and another who teaches basic skills in reading, math, or English language. The students' historically-low test scores and the implementation of the I-BEST model suggest that CSOSA clients referred to the District's public and charter schools or nonprofit adult education contractors would have been unlikely to have been able to obtain a high school degree or GED credential.

Does College Education Pay? Evidence From The NLSY-79 Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diamando Afxentiou ◽  
Paul Kutasovic
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
And Gender ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Over Time

This study examines if the college wage premium favoring college graduates still exists. The NLSY-79 data is employed. The sample includes individuals who received their high school degree and college degree in 1980 and 1981. These individuals were followed until the year 2004. A cross sectional regression model was estimated for the years 1982, 1994, and 2004 and found that education, occupation, and gender were the primary determinants of wages. The income gap between college educated workers and high school educated workers has widen over time. Most interestingly, it is the stagnation of high school educated workers that accounts for the gap.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in a community sample

2002 ◽  
Vol 180 (06) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Samuels ◽  
William W. Eaton ◽  
O. Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
Clayton H. Brown ◽  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Never Married ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Demographic Subgroups

Background Knowledge of the prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in the community is important for identifying treatment needs and for provision of psychiatric services. Aims To estimate the prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample and to identify demographic subgroups with especially high prevalence. Method Clinical psychologists used the International Personality Disorder Examination to assess DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality disorders in a sample of 742 subjects, ages 34–94 years, residing in Baltimore, Maryland. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between demographic characteristics and DSM - IV personality disorder clusters. Results The estimated overall prevalence of DSM - IV personality disorders was 9%. Cluster A disorders were most prevalent in men who had never married. Cluster B disorders were most prevalent in young men without a high school degree, and cluster C disorders in high school graduates who had never married. Conclusions Approximately 9% of this community sample has a DSM-IV personality disorder. Personality disorders are over-represented in certain demographic subgroups of the community

scholarly journals Current Intake of Ultra-Processed Foods in the U.S. Adult Population According to Education-Level and Income

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 418-418
Author(s):  
Filippa Juul ◽  
Niyati Parekh ◽  
Euridice Martinez-Steele ◽  
Carlos Augusto Monteiro ◽  
Virginia Chang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Poverty Threshold ◽  
Socioeconomic Strata ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Objectives Ultra-processed food have been associated with multiple chronic diseases, yet recent data regarding its consumption in the U.S. and potential differences in intake across population groups is lacking. We determined the intake of ultra-processed food across diverse socioeconomic strata in the U.S. adult population. Methods We performed cross-sectional analysis of dietary intake among adults (>20y, N = 9759) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2018. Data on dietary intake was collected by 24h dietary recall. Foods were classified as ultra-processed/non ultra-processed according to the NOVA classification. We determined intake of ultra-processed food (%kcal) in the overall sample, and stratified by education (<high school, high school degree, some college, college graduate of above) and family poverty income ratio, (<130%, 130–349% and ≥ 350% of the federal poverty threshold). Multivariable linear regression was used to assess if education and income were independent predictors of ultra-processed food intake, controlling for age, sex and race/ethnicity. Results Ultra-processed foods provided 54% of energy among U.S. adults in 2015–2018. Compared to adults without a high school degree (52%kcal), high school graduates and adults with some college education consumed significantly more ultra-processed foods (57% kcal, P = 0.022 and 57.0% kcal, P = 0.009, resp.), while college graduates consumed significantly less ultra-processed foods (49% kcal, P < 0.001). Adults with a family income of 130–349% of the federal poverty threshold consumed significantly more ultra-processed foods than adults with the lowest family income (56 vs. 54% kcal, P = 0.009). However, intake did not differ significantly between adults with low and high income (52% kcal, P = 0.817). Conclusions This study uniquely describes ultra-processed food consumption across socioeconomic groups in the U.S. population and may inform policies and intervention to reduce intakes of ultra-processed foods and prevent chronic disease outcomes. Although consumption differed across education- and income levels, ultra-processed food intake is high in all socioeconomic strata. Our results highlight the need for public health efforts to reduce ultra-processed food consumption in the U.S. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Dropouts' GED & Diploma Attainment

2001 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Wayman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
High School Dropouts ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Socio Economic Status

This study examined correlates of degree attainment in high school dropouts. Participants were high school dropouts of Mexican American or non-Latino white descent who had no degree, a high school degree, or a GED certificate. This study was unique in that it accounted for sample bias of missing data through the use of multiple imputation, it considered students who had dropped out as early as 7th grade, and it was able to include variables found significant in previous research on returning dropouts. Logistic regression analyses identified a parsimonious set of factors which distinguished dropouts who held degrees (diploma or GED) from those who did not. Similar analyses were performed to distinguish participants who had attained diplomas from those who had attained GEDs. It was estimated that 59.2% of dropouts return to obtain high school credentials. School capability, age at dropout, and socio-economic status significantly predicted degree attainment. Presence of children, higher school capability and socio-economic status were associated with GED attainment, while later grade at dropout was associated with diploma attainment. These relationships did not vary by ethnicity, although degree attainment was less likely for Mexican American dropouts. The study concludes that dropping out is not the end of a student's education, and more research should be directed toward returning dropouts. Further, the focus of such research should be expanded to include a more positive and broader range of correlates.

scholarly journals Maternal predictors of infant beverage consumption: results from the Nurture cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 2591-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Tovar ◽  
Maya Vadiveloo ◽  
Truls Østbye ◽  
Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Maternal Predictors

AbstractObjective:The goal of the present study was to estimate prevalence and maternal risk factors for infant beverage consumption.Design:Observational birth cohort.Setting:Central North Carolina, USA.Participants:Mothers 20–36 weeks pregnant were surveyed every 3 months through their infant’s first year (n 666) on their sociodemographics and infant’s consumption frequency of 100 % fruit and vegetable juices and sugar-sweetened-beverages (SSB). Repeated-measure models, using a compound symmetry covariance structure, were used to assess the association of sociodemographic and maternal predictors with introducing juice and SSB separately and explored interaction terms with time to determine how the effects of the predictors change over time.Results:On average, mothers were 28 years old, 72 % were non-Hispanic Black and 59 % were low-income. We found time by race, income, education, maternal age and breast-feeding duration interactions for both juice and SSB consumption. At approximately 6–7 months of age through 12 months of age, being Black, having a lower income (≤$US 20 000 v. >$US 20 000 per year) and education (less than high-school degree v. high-school degree or higher), being younger (<26 years v. ≥26 years) and breast-feeding for fewer than 26 weeks were each associated with introduction of both juice and SSB consumption.Conclusions:Future efforts are needed to raise awareness on the importance of national recommendations of limiting juice and SSB for infants, together with decreasing disparities in unhealthy beverage intake early in life.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document