scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in a community sample

2002 ◽  
Vol 180 (06) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Samuels ◽  
William W. Eaton ◽  
O. Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
Clayton H. Brown ◽  
Paul T. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Never Married ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Demographic Subgroups

Background Knowledge of the prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in the community is important for identifying treatment needs and for provision of psychiatric services. Aims To estimate the prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample and to identify demographic subgroups with especially high prevalence. Method Clinical psychologists used the International Personality Disorder Examination to assess DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality disorders in a sample of 742 subjects, ages 34–94 years, residing in Baltimore, Maryland. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between demographic characteristics and DSM - IV personality disorder clusters. Results The estimated overall prevalence of DSM - IV personality disorders was 9%. Cluster A disorders were most prevalent in men who had never married. Cluster B disorders were most prevalent in young men without a high school degree, and cluster C disorders in high school graduates who had never married. Conclusions Approximately 9% of this community sample has a DSM-IV personality disorder. Personality disorders are over-represented in certain demographic subgroups of the community

Diagnosis and classification of personality disorders

2012 ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
James Reich ◽  
Giovanni de Girolamo
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Different Cultures

There has been considerable interest in the study of personality and personality disorder (PD) since early times and in many different cultures. This chapter covers definitions of personality disorders, ICD and DSM classifications of personality disorders, similarities and differences between ICD-10 and DSM-IV, recent changes in the conceptualization of DSM personality disorders, categorical versus dimensional styles of classification, and assessment methods for personality disorders.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and classification of personality disorder: difficulties, their resolution and implications for practice

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaydip Sarkar ◽  
Conor Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Current Systems

SummaryThere are many difficulties associated with the diagnostic guidelines for personality disorder in the current international classificatory systems such as ICD–10 and DSM–IV. These lead not only to significant overlap with DSM Axis I disorders, resulting in high rates of diagnoses of comorbidities and multiple personality disorders, but also to lack of adequate capture of core personality pathology. The current classifications are also unhelpful in treatment selection, presumably the prime reason for assessing individuals in the first place. In this article we highlight various deficits and inadequacies related to the nosology of the current systems and suggest some strategies for dealing with these. We offer an integrated model of assessing and diagnosing personality disorders. We attempt to demonstrate how using a more integrated approach minimises or even eliminates some of the key problems highlighted in the current systems.

DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality disorders: a comparison of a self-report questionnaire (DIP-Q) with a structured interview

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ottosson ◽  
O Bodlund ◽  
L Ekselius ◽  
M Grann ◽  
L von Knorring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

SummaryObjectiveDiagnosing personality disorders according to structured expert interviews is time-consuming and costly. For epidemiological studies, self-report instruments have several advantages. The DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality questionnaire (DIP-Q) is a selfreport questionnaire constructed to identify personality disorder according to DSM-IV and ICD-10.MethodsThe DIP-Q is validated vs a structured expert interview in a clinical sample of 138 individuals. In addition, prevalence rates yielded by DIP-Q among 136 healthy volunteers are assessed and compared to expected prevalence.ResultsFor DSM-IV the agreement for any personality disorder as measured by Cohen's Kappa was 0.61 and 0.56 for ICD-10. Overall sensitivity for any personality disorder was for DSM-IV 0.84 and for ICD-10 0.85. However, specificity was lower: 0.77 and 0.70, respectively. When dimensional scores between self-report and interview for each personality disorder were compared, the intraclass correlation for the DSMIV entities was 0.37–0.87 and for the ICD-10 entities 0.33–0.73. Among healthy volunteers the base rate of personality disorders was found to be 14%.ConclusionsDIP-Q can be used as a screening instrument for personality disorders according to DSM-IV and ICD-10. Self-report questionnaires such as DIP-Q will probably play an increasingly important role in future epidemiological studies.

A comparison of DSM-III-R and ICD-10 personality disorder criteria in an out-patient population

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sara ◽  
P. Raven ◽  
A. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Equivalent Form ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Dsm Iv

SynopsisThis study reports the results of a comparison of DSM-III-R and ICD-10 personality disorder criteria by application of both sets of criteria to the same group of patients. Despite the clinical relevance of these disorders and the need for reliable diagnostic criteria, such a comparison has not previously been reported. DSM-III-R and ICD-10 have converged in their classification of personality disorders, but some important differences between the two systems remain. Personality disorder diagnoses from both systems were obtained in 52 out-patients, using the Standardized Assessment of Personality (SAP), a brief, informant-based interview which yields diagnoses in both DSM-III-R and ICD-10. For individual personality disorder diagnoses, agreement between systems was limited. Thirty-four subjects received a personality disorder diagnosis that had an equivalent form in both systems, but only 10 subjects (29%) received the same primary diagnosis in each system. There was a difference in rate of diagnosis, with ICD-10 making significantly more personality disorder diagnoses. The lower diagnostic threshold of the ICD-10 contributed most of this effect. Further modifications in ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR) and DSM-IV to the personality disorder category have been considered. The omission in DSM-IV of three categories unique to that system and the raising of the threshold in ICD-10 DCR, do seem to have been helpful in promoting convergence.

scholarly journals Personality Disoder and Their Judicial- Psychiatric-estimation of the Russian Federation

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S. Vasyukov ◽  
A. Baeva
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Diminished Responsibility

In modern Russian criminal law means diminished responsibility, that the subject is not capable to regulate meaningly legally significant behaviour at the moment of socially dangerous act. Such disability comes at presence if the subject has the chronic or time mental disorder, an aphrenia or other disease state of mentality. The specified clinical phenomena define medical criterion of diminished responsibility. Special interest represents disorders which in ICD- 10 concern to «Personality Disorders» (F60-F68). Here mental disorders which have no so-called remedial basis are meant, or in their structure it is impossible to note signs of weakening process. At the same time they not only qualitatively differ from the accepted norm, but also under known conditions possess that depth or expression that can be regarded as medical criterion of the formula of diminished responsibility. The research which has been spent in the Department of psychogenias and personality disorders of Institute of Serbsky included 80 men at the age from 20 till 45 years by which the diagnosis «Personality disorder» was established. It has shown that there can be 3 variants of influence on responsibility: they can cause full loss of liability; can essentially reduce the criminal liability; their presence can be neutral and not render influences on liability. The analysis of expert judgements shows, that in expert judgements about disability of the subject to regulate the behaviour meaningly it is necessary to estimate components both medical, and psychological criteria of diminished responsibility.

scholarly journals Thought disorder in the meta-structure of psychopathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1673-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Keyes ◽  
N. R. Eaton ◽  
R. F. Krueger ◽  
A. E. Skodol ◽  
M. M. Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Us ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundDimensional models of co-morbidity have the potential to improve the conceptualization of mental disorders in research and clinical work, yet little is known about how relatively uncommon disorders may fit with more common disorders. The present study estimated the meta-structure of psychopathology in the US general population focusing on the placement of five under-studied disorders sharing features of thought disorder: paranoid, schizoid, avoidant and schizotypal personality disorders, and manic episodes as well as bipolar disorder.MethodData were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a face-to-face interview of 34 653 non-institutionalized adults in the US general population. The meta-structure of 16 DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders, as assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule DSM-IV version (AUDADIS-IV), was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsWe document an empirically derived thought disorder factor that is a subdomain of the internalizing dimension, characterized by schizoid, paranoid, schizotypal and avoidant personality disorders as well as manic episodes. Manic episodes exhibit notable associations with both the distress subdomain of the internalizing dimension as well as the thought disorder subdomain. The structure was replicated for bipolar disorder (I or II) in place of manic episodes.ConclusionsAs our understanding of psychopathological meta-structure expands, incorporation of disorders characterized by detachment and psychoticism grows increasingly important. Disorders characterized by detachment and psychoticism may be well conceptualized, organized and measured as a subdimension of the internalizing spectrum of disorders. Manic episodes and bipolar disorder exhibit substantial co-morbidity across both distress and thought disorder domains of the internalizing dimension. Clinically, these results underscore the potential utility of conceptualizing patient treatment needs using an approach targeting psychopathological systems underlying meta-structural classification rubrics.

scholarly journals Psychiatric, demographic and personality characteristics of elderly sex offenders

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FAZEL ◽  
T. HOPE ◽  
I. O’DONNELL ◽  
R. JACOBY
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Dsm Iv

Background. Psychiatric disorders are purported to play a role in the aetiology of violent crime, but evidence for their role in sexual offending is less clear. The authors investigated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and personality disorders in elderly incarcerated sex offenders compared with elderly non-sex offenders.Method. One hundred and one sex offenders and 102 non-sex offenders aged over 59 years were interviewed using standardized semi-structured interviews for psychiatric illness (the Geriatric Mental State) and the personality disorder (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV personality disorders). Data on demographic, offence and victim characteristics were collected.Results. Six per cent of the elderly sex offenders had a psychotic illness, 7% a DSM-IV major depressive episode and 33% a personality disorder; and 1% had dementia. These prevalence figures were not different from the elderly non-sex offenders interviewed in this study. Differences emerged at the level of personality traits with sex offenders having more schizoid, obsessive–compulsive, and avoidant traits, and fewer antisocial traits compared with non-sex offenders.Conclusions. Elderly sex offenders and non-sex-offenders have similar prevalence rates of mental illness. However, elderly sex offenders have increased schizoid, obsessive–compulsive, and avoidant personality traits, supporting the view that sex offending in the elderly is associated more with personality factors than mental illness or organic brain disease.

Personality disorder and suicide

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. A. Cheng ◽  
A. H. Mann ◽  
K. A. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Main Category ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder ◽  
Aboriginal Groups

BackgroundThe relationships between personality disorders and suicide were investigated among two aboriginal groups and the Han Chinese in East Taiwan.MethodBiographical reconstructive interviews were conducted for consecutive suicides from each of the three ethnic groups (116 suicides in total), 113 of whom were matched with two controls for age, gender, and area of residence.ResultsIn all three groups, a high proportion of suicides suffered from ICD-10 personality disorder before suicide (46.7–76.7%), and the most prevalent category was emotionally unstable personality disorder (F60.3) (26.7–56.7%). The risk for suicide was mainly significantly associated with F60.3, comorbidity among personality disorders, and comorbidity of personality disorder with other psychiatric disorders, particularly severe depression.ConclusionThe main category of personality disorder significantly associated with the risk of suicide is F60.3 in ICD-10. The risk is highest for a comorbidity of this category and severe depression.

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