scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of the Post-2008 Employment Subsidy Program in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binnur Balkan ◽  
Yusuf Soner Baskaya ◽  
Semih Tumen
Keyword(s):  
Subsidy Program ◽  
Employment Subsidy ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Fortifying baladi Bread in Egypt: Reaching More than 50 Million People through the Subsidy Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. S260-S271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Elhakim ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Anwar El Nakeeb ◽  
Rukia Yacoub ◽  
Magdy Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Background Micronutrient deficiencies, especially iron-deficiency anemia, are a public health problem in Egypt, where anemia rates almost doubled in the years from 2000 to 2005. In 2008, the Government of Egypt began implementation of a 5-year national program to fortify with iron and folic acid the wheat flour used in baking subsidized baladi bread, the staple food consumed by a majority of low-income groups. Objective To project the achievements of this national Wheat Flour Fortification Program. Methods This paper describes the program, estimates the production of fortified flour and consumption of fortified bread, and identifies program challenges and sustainability issues. Results Through the national Wheat Flour Fortification Program, ferrous sulfate and folic acid are now added to all wheat flour produced under the national Food Subsidy Program. Up to 50 million Egyptians nationwide are now consuming quality-assured fortified baladi bread on a daily basis. In 2011, 6.5 million MT of fortified wheat flour was produced by 143 participating public- and private-sector mills. Political changes in Egypt in 2011 did not seem to affect the program; the new leadership in the Ministry of Supply and Internal Trade remains committed to fortification of wheat flour. Conclusions The daily intake of approximately 12 mg of iron and 600 μg of folic acid through the consumption of baladi bread suggests that the impact of the program on the prevention and reduction of iron and folate deficiencies among the Egyptian population could be significant; the results of an end-line survey are pending.

Assessing the Impact of a School Subsidy Program in Mexico: Using a Social Experiment to Validate a Dynamic Behavioral Model of Child Schooling and Fertility

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1384-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra E Todd ◽  
Kenneth I Wolpin
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Child Schooling ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
School Attainment ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Average School ◽  
Similar Cost ◽  
Program Data

This paper uses data from a randomized social experiment in Mexico to estimate and validate a dynamic behavioral model of parental decisions about fertility and child schooling, to evaluate the effects of the PROGRESA school subsidy program, and to perform a variety of counterfactual experiments of policy alternatives. Our method of validation estimates the model without using post-program data and then compares the model's predictions about program impacts to the experimental impact estimates. The results show that the model's predicted program impacts track the experimental results. Our analysis of counterfactual policies reveals an alternative subsidy schedule that would induce a greater impact on average school attainment at similar cost to the existing program.

scholarly journals The Impact of the PSR Rural Insurance Program on the Agricultural Productivity in the Matopiba Region of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Francisco José da Silva Tabosa ◽  
Pablo Urano de Carvalho Castelar ◽  
José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho ◽  
Domingos Isaías Maia Amorim ◽  
Maria Josiell Nascimento Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Insurance Program ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Soy Production ◽  
The Impact

The present work aims to analyze the impact of a government subsidy program of rural insurance in Brazil, (called the Programa de Subvenção ao Prêmio de Seguro Rural - PSR), on the productivity of insured producers in the MATOPIBA region of the country, which encompasses four Brazilian states, Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia, between the years 2008 to 2019. For this, municipalities were selected that had at least one insured producer throughout the analyzed period. The variables used were the number of producers, the number of insurance policies, the planted area, the productivity obtained and the insured financial amount of the producers. The methodological procedure was based on Auto-regressive Vectors (VAR) for panel data. The results showed a concentration, of all the variables used in the research, in the state of Bahia, mainly in the municipalities of Formosa do Rio Preto and São Desidério, whose main economic activity is soy production. It was also found that the impulse response functions on productivity obtained through a shock in the other variables, except the planted area variable, the others showed positive initial (short-term) responses until the second year. The average time for responses to smooth over time occurs from the sixth year onwards.

scholarly journals IMPACT EVALUATION OF THE SCHOOL OPERATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (BOS) USING THE MATCHING METHOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Eny Sulistyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Investment in human capital, especially in children’s education, is considered to be among the most effective ways for countries to improve their national welfare and reduce poverty in the long term. The Government of Indonesia has promoted human capital investment, especially in children, by designing school subsidy programs. Since 2005, the school operational assistance program (BOS) has been the biggest school subsidy program in Indonesia during the last two decades. This paper evaluates the impact of BOS on children’s test scores at the early stage. This study uses Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to estimate the average treatment effect, in the absence of selection, on unobserved characteristics. The results confirm that BOS can increase student performance. The finding suggests that the Government of Indonesia needs to develop a subsidy program to provide a basic level of education for all students, especially for the poor, as the recent school subsidy program is only sufficient for school fees or even only enough for tuition fees if the students live in urban areas. The remainder of the education expenditures must be covered by the household.Keywords: School Subsidy, BOS, PSM, Test ScoresJEL: H52, I22, I25

A Review of the Impact of Food Policies on Food Security Status and Healthy/Unhealthy Food Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361
Author(s):  
Mahsa Mohajeri ◽  
Farhad Pourfarzi ◽  
Mohammad Ghahremanzadeh ◽  
Ali Nemati ◽  
Ali Barzegar
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Food Subsidy ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subsidy Programs

Background: Food insecurity refers to a household’s financial inability to access adequate food. Food subsidy programs are the right strategies that have been undertaken for many years in some countries. Aim: This study aims to summarize and compare the impact of some subsidy programs on food security as a narrative review. Methods: Community-based studies analyzing the impact of food policies on food security status and healthy/unhealthy food consumption were reviewed. Our search keywords included food tax, healthy/unhealthy food, food security, food subsidy, targeted subsidy, and Iran. Results and conclusion: Some subsidy programs aim to improve food security and nutritional status of low-income individuals. Developing countries, for the improvement of food security and hunger, use some food subsidy programs that can improve the food security status. One of the most used programs is a food subsidy program in schools. Unfortunately, the targeted subsidy policy in Iran has affected the nutritional status and food security of households, therefore, it is necessary to implement a food subsidy program for low-income families. Fruits and vegetable subsidies can increase their consumption. Unhealthy food consumption decreases by implementing food tax programs, especially if the number of tax increases. In general, cash subsidies are more beneficial in improving the nutritional status.

The Effects of a Government’s Subsidy Program: Accessibility Beyond Affordability

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3211-3233
Author(s):  
Ping Xiao ◽  
Ruli Xiao ◽  
Yitian (Sky) Liang ◽  
Xinlei (Jack) Chen ◽  
Wei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Marketing Channel ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Rural consumers may face not only the challenge of affordability but also the problem of limited accessibility. Can a government’s subsidy program effectively address these issues? This paper examines the impact of a large-scale subsidy program, “Household electrical appliances going to the countryside,” offered by the Chinese government. The government regulation imposes a price subsidy combined with a price ceiling on products in the program. We consider two effects of the subsidy: the retail price is lowered to make the product more affordable to consumers, and manufacturers are encouraged to expand their distribution coverage to make products more accessible to consumers. We build a dynamic model of oligopoly to study how firms adjust their distribution coverage. Conditional on the model estimates, we evaluate the program’s effects on social welfare, consumer surplus, and firms’ market performance and marketing channel decisions through counterfactual analyses. We find that the subsidy program increases social welfare by CNY 0.209 billion, as a result of a subsidy expense of CNY 0.236 billion. When breaking down the impact, we find it increases consumer surplus by CNY 0.184 billion (50%), manufacturers’ profits by CNY 0.125 billion (53%), and manufacturers’ payoffs by CNY 2.5 million (17%). Specifically, 14% (13.2%) of the consumer surplus (firm profit) increases are from changes in distribution coverage, and the rest is from the subsidy (price changes). The program’s return of investment (i.e., social welfare minus subsidy expense), which is negative, however, could be improved by applying a relatively lower subsidy rate. This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.

scholarly journals Do Long-Term Unemployed Workers Benefit from Targeted Wage Subsidies?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Schünemann ◽  
Michael Lechner ◽  
Conny Wunsch
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Wage Subsidies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
Alternative Identification ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We evaluate a wage subsidy program that is targeted at long-term unemployed workers in Germany. We use an alternative identification procedure compared to empirical studies conducted so far. Exploiting the particular program regulations and large administrative data we estimate the impact of program availability using a regression discontinuity framework. Our results suggest no significant impact of the availability of the subsidy on labor market outcomes of the target group. Even though our analysis lacks some statistical power, our findings do not support the substantial positive effects obtained from matching studies. As our approach does not require observability of all drivers of selection, previous empirical studies justifying government expenditures on wage subsidies based on matching methods should be reconsidered.

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