scholarly journals Do Long-Term Unemployed Workers Benefit from Targeted Wage Subsidies?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Schünemann ◽  
Michael Lechner ◽  
Conny Wunsch
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Wage Subsidies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
Alternative Identification ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We evaluate a wage subsidy program that is targeted at long-term unemployed workers in Germany. We use an alternative identification procedure compared to empirical studies conducted so far. Exploiting the particular program regulations and large administrative data we estimate the impact of program availability using a regression discontinuity framework. Our results suggest no significant impact of the availability of the subsidy on labor market outcomes of the target group. Even though our analysis lacks some statistical power, our findings do not support the substantial positive effects obtained from matching studies. As our approach does not require observability of all drivers of selection, previous empirical studies justifying government expenditures on wage subsidies based on matching methods should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effects of Long Terms – Compulsory Schooling Reforms in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2776-2823
Author(s):  
Martin Fischer ◽  
Martin Karlsson ◽  
Therese Nilsson ◽  
Nina Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Instructional Time ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Term Length ◽  
Annual Term ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We evaluate the impact on earnings, pensions, and further labor market outcomes of two parallel educational reforms increasing instructional time in Swedish primary school. The reforms extended the annual term length and years of compulsory schooling by comparable amounts. We find striking differences in the effects of the two reforms: at 5% the returns to the term length extension were sizeable and benefited broad ranges of the population. The compulsory schooling extension had small (2%) albeit significant effects, which were possibly driven by an increase in post-compulsory schooling. Both reforms led to increased sorting into occupations with heavy reliance on basic skills and the term extension reduced the gender gap in employment and earnings.

From welfare to wealth creation

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Verma Gakhar ◽  
Abhijit Phukon
Keyword(s):  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review several influential empirical studies that examine the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The paper undertakes a citation analysis of journals, authors and titles in the area of privatization and firm performance in general, and assesses the impact of privatization on the performance of SOEs in particular. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on a systematic and structured review of over 100 papers published in economics, public management, business strategy and related social sciences. The systematic review is based on citation analysis of journals, authors and titles. The journal and author citation counts were tabulated by leveraging the databases of SCImago Journal Rankings and Google Scholar and filtered it to find out the most highly cited journals and authors. The structured review is based on the framing opinion with respect to major findings, variables selected, measurement techniques and statistical tools applied by different researchers. The impact is measured through coding a value “P” in case of positive effects, “N” in case of negative effects and “NT” in case the study found both positive and negative effects. Findings The citation analysis reveals that American Economic Review, Journal of Financial Economics, Review of Financial Studies and Journal of Finance as the top-cited journals, and Megginson and Netter (3,468), Megginson et al. (1,737), Djankov and Murrell (1,356), Boardman and Vining (1,320), Balsam et al. (1,094) and DeWenter and Malatesta (1,018) as the top-cited authors in this particular research field. While majority research studies have revealed a significant improvement in the performance of SOEs in the post-privatization period, few studies have reserved their impact as neutral or even negative in some respects. Originality/value Given that economic transitions, corporate governance, and performance of SOEs have attracted a great attention from public management and business strategy scholars in recent years, this paper aims to summarize a large number of empirical studies that examine the performance of SOEs. The paper would be useful to future researchers especially the beginners and early career researchers in terms of its current trends, selection of variables, measurement techniques and statistical tools applied.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Outdoor and Adventure Sports Course on the Wellbeing of Recovering UK Military Personnel: An Exploratory Study

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Kaiseler ◽  
Chris Kay ◽  
Jim McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adventure Sports

UK military personnel have faced increased demands over the last three decades; these have affected their wellbeing and caused multiple physical and mental health problems. Currently, bespoke rehabilitation systems may recommend participation in sports programmes. Although research attention has been drawn to the short-term positive effects of these programmes, their long-term impact on psychological wellbeing is unknown. To address this gap, the current study explored the long-term impact of a sports programme on UK military personnel’s ability to make changes in their day-to-day life through the lens of psychological wellbeing. For this purpose, UK military personnel (n = 97) completed an online survey aiming to provide a quantitative and qualitative picture of their experiences of an outdoor and adventure sports programme, underpinned by the basic psychological needs theory, six months following completion. Findings suggest that 75% of respondents found that the course was useful for facilitating adaptive changes. Content analysis suggests that elements of the course seem to satisfy their basic psychological needs of competence, relatedness and autonomy. Activities initiated six months after the course are mostly aligned with improved psychological wellbeing. Useful theoretical and applied implications are discussed.

A comparative analysis of the implications of the Islamic religion on corporate capital structures of firms in emerging market countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Gunn ◽  
Joshua Shackman
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Capital ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the Muslim religion on firm capital structure. Design/methodology/approach – The authors compare financing patterns in Muslim versus non-Muslim countries using 658 firms in 16 countries covering a period of seven years. Findings – No significant differences between Muslim and non-Muslim countries were found in terms of total debt ratios. However, significant differences were found in the choice of short-term versus long-term debt, with firms in Muslim countries showing a strong preference for short-term debt. Research limitations/implications – The findings confirm existing theories on the impact of the Islamic religion on short-term versus long-term debt preferences. However, the findings concerning the lack of an impact of the Islamic religion on total debt preferences are surprising and contrary to existing theories. Practical implications – Firms in Muslim countries appear to have the flexibility to adopt overall leverage ratios comparable to those in non-Muslim countries. However, firms in Muslim countries may be disadvantaged in that there appear to be impediments to the use of long-term debt. Originality/value – This paper presents one of the first empirical studies of the impact of the Muslim religion on corporate financing choices across a large cross-section of firms in Muslim and non-Muslim countries.

Antitakeover Provisions and Shareholder Wealth: A Survey of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Straska ◽  
H. Gregory Waller
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Studies

AbstractWe survey theoretical and empirical research on antitakeover provisions, focusing on the relation between antitakeover provisions and shareholder value. We divide the empirical studies based upon the evidence that they provide: short-term event studies, studies on performance and policy changes around adopting antitakeover provisions or passing state antitakeover laws, studies on the impact of antitakeover provisions on takeovers, studies on the relation between antitakeover provisions and firm characteristics, and long-term studies on the relation between antitakeover provisions and firm performance or policies. We also discuss the place of antitakeover provisions in the current debate about “good governance” practices.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and tourist mobility at destinations: a literature review and emerging research agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Viana-Lora ◽  
Antoni Domènech ◽  
Aaron Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
The Future ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to review conceptual and empirical studies that analyse the impact of the pandemic on mobility and tourism behaviour at destinations in order to identify proposals, forecasts and recommendations to guide the future research agenda on the subject.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a systematic literature review to synthesise information from scientific articles published in journals indexed in the Web of Science database related to tourism mobility at destinations during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThis article found that, according to the existing literature, the COVID-19 pandemic is acting as a catalyst for the sustainable transition of tourism. Although the findings reveal a lack of empirical research on the impact of the pandemic on tourism mobility at destinations, the article synthesizes the short- and long-term impacts of the pandemic and sets out the future research agenda on tourist mobility at destinations.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the impact of the pandemic on mobility and tourism behaviour at destinations that attempts to describe the emerging challenges and the agenda for future research.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Using Various Recovery Stimulation Methods to Boost Nitrification Recovery in SBRs Inhibited by Hazardous Events

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Hoang-Duy Nguyen ◽  
Chih-Chi Yang ◽  
Khanh-Chau Dao ◽  
Van-Phat Le ◽  
Yung-Pin Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Feed Strategy ◽  
Salinity Shock ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Feed Volume

A system consisting of six SBR units was operated in parallel for three phases to investigate the impacts of salinity shock and anaerobic and aerobic starvation on the activated sludge process stability and effects of various recovery stimulation methods on the subsequent recovery period. Different recovery strategies were applied in each SBR unit, including natural recovery, adding bio-accelerators, a stepwise increase feed strategy, a stepwise strategy coupled with bio-accelerators dosing, extended aeration time, and extended aeration time coupled with bio-accelerators dosing. It was concluded that the combination of stepwise strategy and dosing bio-accelerators showed the most efficiency in boosting system recovery after being subjected to NaCl shock and starvation. The boosting effect of the stepwise strategy alone was slightly better in recovery after NaCl shock. Furthermore, extending the aeration rate could bring more positive effects when resuscitating the system after long-term anaerobic starvation. For the unit that only received dosing of bio-accelerators during the recovery period, it could be concluded that there was a specific time requirement for the bio-accelerators to take effect significantly, as the impact of bio-accelerators on the beginning days of recovery periods was very slight. In contrast, adjusting operational regimes such as stepwise increased feed volume or extending aeration time could significantly boost the SBRs from the first recovery days. Hence, highly effective recovery efficiency could be achieved by coupling dosing bio-accelerators with other operational adjustment methods, especially stepwise strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of Self-Talk Training on Competitive Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, Volitional Skills, and Performance: An Intervention Study with Junior Sub-Elite Athletes

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Walter ◽  
Lucie Nikoleizig ◽  
Dorothee Alfermann
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Self-talk (ST) is used to influence athletes’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Samples of squad and competitive athletes are underrepresented, although research has proven the positive effects of ST in the context of sports. Thus, the present study focused on the impact of ST on psychological and performance outcomes of junior sub-elite athletes. (2) Methods: N = 117 athletes (55 females, 62 males; M = 16.0 years) were randomly assigned to either one of two experimental groups or to a control group (n = 30). The experimental groups received an ST intervention for either one week (n = 36) or eight weeks (n = 38), and the control group received no ST training. The dependent variables (competitive anxiety, volitional skills, self-efficacy, and coaches’ performance ratings) were assessed three times before and after the intervention. It was expected that (a) an ST intervention would reduce the competitive anxiety and increase volitional skills, self-efficacy, and performance; and, (b) long-term training would lead to higher effects than short-term training. (3) Results: As expected, ST training led to (less) somatic state anxiety and (higher) state self-confidence, self-optimization, self-efficacy, and performance. Additionally, long-term training was more effective than short-term training. (4) Conclusions: Targeted ST interventions may help to improve junior athletes’ psychological states and performance.

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