scholarly journals Using a Social Experiment to Validate a Dynamic Behavioral Model of Child Schooling and Fertility: Assessing the Impact of a School Subsidy Program in Mexico

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Todd ◽  
Kenneth I. Wolpin
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Child Schooling ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Impact

Assessing the Impact of a School Subsidy Program in Mexico: Using a Social Experiment to Validate a Dynamic Behavioral Model of Child Schooling and Fertility

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1384-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra E Todd ◽  
Kenneth I Wolpin
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Child Schooling ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
School Attainment ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Average School ◽  
Similar Cost ◽  
Program Data

This paper uses data from a randomized social experiment in Mexico to estimate and validate a dynamic behavioral model of parental decisions about fertility and child schooling, to evaluate the effects of the PROGRESA school subsidy program, and to perform a variety of counterfactual experiments of policy alternatives. Our method of validation estimates the model without using post-program data and then compares the model's predictions about program impacts to the experimental impact estimates. The results show that the model's predicted program impacts track the experimental results. Our analysis of counterfactual policies reveals an alternative subsidy schedule that would induce a greater impact on average school attainment at similar cost to the existing program.

scholarly journals The Role of Dopamine Receptor D2 in Bridging the Intention-Behavior Gap in Sport Participation

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2379
Author(s):  
Seiyeong Park ◽  
Junhye Kwon ◽  
Chiyoung Ahn ◽  
Hae-Sung Cho ◽  
Hyo Youl Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Dopamine Receptor ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dopamine Receptor D2 ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have identified that a behavior can occur through the strongest predictor intention, but there is a gap between intention and behavior. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) is known to account for a variance in sporting behaviors in human and animal subjects. However, the relationship between DRD2 and sport participation has been poorly studied, and the limited available reports are inconsistent. The present study was performed to examine the impact of DRD2 on sport participation among Korean university students based on the integrated behavioral model (IBM). Data were collected from enrolled university students in Seoul (N = 45). Participants answered survey questions first, and then they gave investigators their hair to provide DNA information (i.e., the A1 allele of DRD2). DRD2 had a significant effect on sport participation, but only in male students. Male students who carried the A1 allele of DRD2 significantly participated in 105.10 min more sporting activities than male students who did not. Moreover, the effect of intention on sport participation was significantly decreased when considering DRD2. Despite the small sample size, the results of this study could be a preliminary case for a larger study and indicate the direction of future research. Our results suggest that DRD2 may have played an important role as the “actual skill” shown in the IBM.

scholarly journals The Impact of an Experimental Guaranteed Income on Crime and Violence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Calnitsky ◽  
Pilar Gonalons-Pons
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Would unconditional cash payments reduce crime and violence? This paper examines data on crime and violence in the context of an understudied social experiment from the late 1970s called the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment, or Mincome. We combine town-level crime statistics for all medium-sized Canadian Prairie towns with town-level socio-demographic data from the census to study how an experimental guaranteed income affected both violent crime and total crime. We find a significant negative relationship between Mincome and both outcomes. We also decompose total crime and analyze its main components, property crime and “other” crime, and find a significant negative relationship between Mincome and property crime. While the impact on property crime is theoretically straightforward, we close by speculating on the mechanisms that might link the availability of guaranteed annual income payments to a decline in violence, focusing on the mechanisms that shape patterns of inter-partner violence.

scholarly journals Fortifying baladi Bread in Egypt: Reaching More than 50 Million People through the Subsidy Program

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4_suppl3) ◽  
pp. S260-S271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Elhakim ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Anwar El Nakeeb ◽  
Rukia Yacoub ◽  
Magdy Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Background Micronutrient deficiencies, especially iron-deficiency anemia, are a public health problem in Egypt, where anemia rates almost doubled in the years from 2000 to 2005. In 2008, the Government of Egypt began implementation of a 5-year national program to fortify with iron and folic acid the wheat flour used in baking subsidized baladi bread, the staple food consumed by a majority of low-income groups. Objective To project the achievements of this national Wheat Flour Fortification Program. Methods This paper describes the program, estimates the production of fortified flour and consumption of fortified bread, and identifies program challenges and sustainability issues. Results Through the national Wheat Flour Fortification Program, ferrous sulfate and folic acid are now added to all wheat flour produced under the national Food Subsidy Program. Up to 50 million Egyptians nationwide are now consuming quality-assured fortified baladi bread on a daily basis. In 2011, 6.5 million MT of fortified wheat flour was produced by 143 participating public- and private-sector mills. Political changes in Egypt in 2011 did not seem to affect the program; the new leadership in the Ministry of Supply and Internal Trade remains committed to fortification of wheat flour. Conclusions The daily intake of approximately 12 mg of iron and 600 μg of folic acid through the consumption of baladi bread suggests that the impact of the program on the prevention and reduction of iron and folate deficiencies among the Egyptian population could be significant; the results of an end-line survey are pending.

Effect of Model Element Fidelity Within a Complex Function-Based Behavioral Model

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Hutcheson ◽  
Daniel A. McAdams ◽  
Robert B. Stone ◽  
Irem Y. Tumer
Keyword(s):  
Complex Function ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Formula Sae ◽  
Model Fidelity ◽  
Performance Predictions ◽  
The Impact

The Function-based Behavioral Modeling (FBBM) design tool was introduced in prior work as a means of using formal functional modeling as the foundation for creating detailed mathematical models of system behavior. The overall objective of this work is to create a framework for partitioning modeling efforts into functional elements and promoting model storage and re-use through the use of functional models. In prior work, the FBBM method was introduced to model the complete vehicle dynamics of a Formula SAE racecar, highlighting the representation of functionality and the development of behavioral models. The objective of the work presented in the current paper is to demonstrate the ability to incorporate models of varying fidelity within a function-based behavioral model of a complex system. Additionally, the impact of model fidelity on the model’s predictions is addressed. A previously developed model is used as a foundation for developing the necessary new models and illustrating the impact of model fidelity on performance predictions when selecting a tire during early design. The results illustrate that the FBBM framework allows models of varying fidelity to be quickly made and their effect on predicted performance to be measured in order to assist critical early design choices.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mobile TradeManager on Fashion Product Sales: From Usability Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zilong Liu ◽  
Zhenhua Liu ◽  
Qingfei Min
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Wireless Communication Networks ◽  
Subjective Beliefs ◽  
System Usability ◽  
Online Shopping Behavior ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
It Artifact ◽  
The Impact

The competition in fashion and textiles (FTs) industry is strong. Enterprises have to compete at all levels and need to adapt to the mobile commerce (MC) context. Mobile TradeManager (MTM) is a typical MC application and good use of it will facilitate the sales of FTs products. Plenty of prior studies on MC were developed to discuss the subjective beliefs. Motivated by the research that appeals for more attention to IT artifact itself, this paper integrates the system usability of MC into the behavioral model. To this end, the purpose of this study is twofold: (a) to identify the impact of MTM usability on consumers’ online shopping behavior of FTs production, and (b) to explore and understand how usability of MTM could be improved. Data analysis, based on a survey of 837 MTM users, reveals that perceived entertainment, MTM system usability, subjective norm, and consumer’s self-efficacy significantly affect individual’s intention to use MTM. Meanwhile, it is revealed that MTM usability is a joint function of mobile device’s system performance, WAP website’s design, and the characteristics of wireless communication networks.

scholarly journals The impact of Zambia’s unconditional child grant on schooling and work: results from a large-scale social experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhanshu Handa ◽  
Luisa Natali ◽  
David Seidenfeld ◽  
Gelson Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of the PSR Rural Insurance Program on the Agricultural Productivity in the Matopiba Region of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Francisco José da Silva Tabosa ◽  
Pablo Urano de Carvalho Castelar ◽  
José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho ◽  
Domingos Isaías Maia Amorim ◽  
Maria Josiell Nascimento Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Impulse Response Functions ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Insurance Program ◽  
Auto Regressive ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Soy Production ◽  
The Impact

The present work aims to analyze the impact of a government subsidy program of rural insurance in Brazil, (called the Programa de Subvenção ao Prêmio de Seguro Rural - PSR), on the productivity of insured producers in the MATOPIBA region of the country, which encompasses four Brazilian states, Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí and Bahia, between the years 2008 to 2019. For this, municipalities were selected that had at least one insured producer throughout the analyzed period. The variables used were the number of producers, the number of insurance policies, the planted area, the productivity obtained and the insured financial amount of the producers. The methodological procedure was based on Auto-regressive Vectors (VAR) for panel data. The results showed a concentration, of all the variables used in the research, in the state of Bahia, mainly in the municipalities of Formosa do Rio Preto and São Desidério, whose main economic activity is soy production. It was also found that the impulse response functions on productivity obtained through a shock in the other variables, except the planted area variable, the others showed positive initial (short-term) responses until the second year. The average time for responses to smooth over time occurs from the sixth year onwards.

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