The Effect of Patent Length on Social Welfare: The Economics of Modifying Patent Life as a Policy Instrument

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyi Xie
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Patent Length ◽  
Patent Life

PATENT LENGTH AND PRICE REGULATION IN AN R&D GROWTH MODEL WITH MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Zeng ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Michael Ka-Yiu Fung
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Price Regulation ◽  
Monopoly Pricing ◽  
Patent Length ◽  
Variety Expansion ◽  
Welfare Ranking

This paper considers the effects of patent length and price regulation in an R&D growth model with variety expansion. Innovation requires lower bounds on patent length and price. Increasing patent duration promotes growth; increasing the cap on the price of patented products promotes growth below the monopoly-pricing level. Each policy instrument can raise welfare unless excessively used, and their welfare ranking depends on parameterizations. It is desirable, on welfare grounds, to limit patent protection along both dimensions, namely by limiting patent length and capping the price of patented products. Such limits raise welfare despite reducing the growth rate.

scholarly journals THE IMPORT RESTRICTION OF HORTICULTURAL PRODUCT, DOMESTIC ACTIVITIES, PRICE LEVEL, AND THE WELFARE

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38
Author(s):  
Wisnu Winardi
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Redistribution Policy ◽  
Factor Income ◽  
Current Value ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the impact of entry ports reduction on horticultural production on the economic activities, prices and also toward social welfare by using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The simulation shows higher import restriction on horticultural products will not only increase the factor income (at current value), but will also increase the composite prices. The higher effect of the latter leads to social welfare reduction, but on the other hand favors the agriculture household types. This finding shows import restriction on horticulture product serves as income redistribution policy instrument. With regard to this, the monetary authority should take the issue into account, especially in order to anticipate the effect of composite prices increase, which could lead to the need of extra efforts in managing price stability. Keywords: import reduction; prices, inflation, CGE; social welfare; income distribution.JEL Classification: E25, E27

scholarly journals Environmental protection, public finance requirements and the timing of emission reductions

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elettra Agliardi ◽  
Luigi Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Real Option ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Maximization Problem ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Option Model ◽  
Pollution Emissions

AbstractThe effects of four environmental policy options for the reduction of pollution emissions, i.e. taxes, emission standards, auctioned permits and freely allocated permits, are analyzed. The setup is a real option model where the amount of emissions is determined by solving the firm's profit maximization problem under each policy instrument. The regulator solves an optimal stopping problem in order to find the critical threshold for policy adoptions taking into account revenues from taxes and auctioned permits and government spending. In this framework we find the ranking of the alternative policy options in terms of their adoption lag and social welfare. We show that when the output demand is elastic, emission standards are preferred to freely allocated permits. Taxes and auctioned permits are always equivalent in terms of their adoption lag and social welfare, and also equivalent to emission standards when the regulator redistributes revenues.

scholarly journals Medicine Pricing, Optimal Patent Length and Social Welfare

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 205-222
Author(s):  
Junlong CHEN ◽  
Jiali LIU ◽  
Yuncheng LONG ◽  
Jialing LUO
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Patent Length

scholarly journals DAMPAK PEMBATASAN IMPOR HORTIKULTURA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS PEREKONOMIAN, TINGKAT HARGA DAN KESEJAHTERAAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Wisnu Winardi
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Redistribution Policy ◽  
Factor Income ◽  
Current Value ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the impact of entry ports reduction on horticultural production on the economic activities, prices and also toward social welfare by using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The simulation shows higher import restriction on horticultural products will not only increase the factor income (at current value), but will also increase the composite prices. The higher effect of the latter leads to social welfare reduction, but on the other hand favors the agriculture household types. This finding shows import restriction on horticulture product serves as income redistribution policy instrument. With regard to this, the monetary authority should take the issue into account, especially in order to anticipate the effect of composite prices increase, which could lead to the need of extra efforts in managing price stability. Keywords: import reduction; prices, inflation, CGE; social welfare; income distribution.JEL Classification: E25, E27

Patent Renewal Fees and Self-Funding Patent Offices

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S Gans ◽  
Stephen P King ◽  
Ryan Lampe
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Optimal Structure ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
Fee Structure ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Patent Renewal ◽  
Patent Length ◽  
Effective Life ◽  
Funding Resource

A socially optimal structure of application and renewal fees for patents would encourage the maximal number of applications while reducing effective patent length. We find, however, that when patent offices are required to be self-funding, resource constraints can distort this fee structure. Specifically, a financially constrained, but welfare-oriented, patent office will tend to raise initial application fees while lowering renewal fees. This creates two detriments to social welfare as it discourages the filing of some patents while extending the effective life of others.

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