PEAS DIFFERENT MORPHOTYPES ANALYSIS BY LODGING IN THE KRASNOYARSK FOREST-STEPPE

Resistance to lodging is one of the important factors in increasing manufacturability, which is one of the priority tasks for breeding peas. In connection with the morphotypes variety expansion, studies aimed at determining their resistance to lodging and the influence of various factors on it are relevant. The research was carried out in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe, in the breeding nursery of the initial material. The article presents the results of a three-year study (2017–2019) of the following morphotypes: lamellar, with a baleen type of leaf, chameleons, with dissected leaflets, multiple odd-pinnate, lupinoids. Three samples of each morphotype were analyzed for the study. The aim of the work was to determine the proportion of various factors’ influence on the lodging of peas. The objectives of the study included calculating the lodging coefficients for each morphotype and identifying the effect on lodging of the following parameters: weight of seeds per plant, length of plants, weight of green mass during the flowering period, the number of unproductive nodes. In the course of the lodging coefficients analysis, it was found that the samples of the chameleon morphotype and the samples with the baleen type of leaf were less lodged, with a coefficient of 0.7. The lamellar and multiply odd-pinnate specimens became the most lodged: their lodging coefficient was 0.5. For all morphotypes, a strong relationship was found between the score for lodging resistance and the lodging coefficient. The lodging of all samples in the total sample was more influenced by the weight of seeds per plant (64.7%) and the weight of green mass in bloom (35.3%). When analyzing each of the morphotypes from the studied parameters, the weight of green mass prevailed in the effect on the lodging of samples of dissected leafy (88.4%), multiple-pinnate (41.3%) and mustachioed (83.7%) morphotypes. The weight of seeds from plants had a greater effect on lodging of samples of lupinoid (50.0%) and lamellar (36.8%) morphotypes; the length of plants was relevant for chameleons (32.4%) and leafy (36.8%) specimens, and the number of unproductive nodes was relevant for chameleons (32.4%).

PUBLIC RESEARCH SPENDING IN AN ENDOGENOUS GROWTH MODEL

This study constructs a variety expansion growth model with public research spending. Public researchers financed by taxes on asset income, consumption, and corporate profits raise the productivity of private research and development. We show that the welfare-maximizing level of public research spending is below the growth-maximizing level. With regard to tax policy, a zero-profit tax maximizes the welfare of households. In addition, the study analyzes the dynamics of the economy, showing that equilibrium is indeterminate when the government's revenue source depends on an asset income tax.

PATENT LENGTH AND PRICE REGULATION IN AN R&D GROWTH MODEL WITH MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION

This paper considers the effects of patent length and price regulation in an R&D growth model with variety expansion. Innovation requires lower bounds on patent length and price. Increasing patent duration promotes growth; increasing the cap on the price of patented products promotes growth below the monopoly-pricing level. Each policy instrument can raise welfare unless excessively used, and their welfare ranking depends on parameterizations. It is desirable, on welfare grounds, to limit patent protection along both dimensions, namely by limiting patent length and capping the price of patented products. Such limits raise welfare despite reducing the growth rate.