Nirbhaya -- One Year On-Public Safety Issues in India

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monish Gulati
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals A Novel Detection Framework for Detecting Abnormal Human Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chengfei Wu ◽  
Zixuan Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Time Block ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Behavior Detection ◽  
Abnormal Behavior Detection ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors

Public safety issues have always been the focus of widespread concern of people from all walks of life. With the development of video detection technology, the detection of abnormal human behavior in videos has become the key to preventing public safety issues. Particularly, in student groups, the detection of abnormal human behavior is very important. Most existing abnormal human behavior detection algorithms are aimed at outdoor activity detection, and the indoor detection effects of these algorithms are not ideal. Students spend most of their time indoors, and modern classrooms are mostly equipped with monitoring equipment. This study focuses on the detection of abnormal behaviors of indoor humans and uses a new abnormal behavior detection framework to realize the detection of abnormal behaviors of indoor personnel. First, a background modeling method based on a Gaussian mixture model is used to segment the background image of each image frame in the video. Second, block processing is performed on the image after segmenting the background to obtain the space-time block of each frame of the image, and this block is used as the basic representation of the detection object. Third, the foreground image features of each space-time block are extracted. Fourth, fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) is used to detect outliers in the data sample. The contribution of this paper is (1) the use of an abnormal human behavior detection framework that is effective indoors. Compared with the existing abnormal human behavior detection methods, the detection framework in this paper has a little difference in terms of its outdoor detection effects. (2) Compared with other detection methods, the detection framework used in this paper has a better detection effect for abnormal human behavior indoors, and the detection performance is greatly improved. (3) The detection framework used in this paper is easy to implement and has low time complexity. Through the experimental results obtained on public and manually created data sets, it can be demonstrated that the performance of the detection framework used in this paper is similar to those of the compared methods in outdoor detection scenarios. It has a strong advantage in terms of indoor detection. In summary, the proposed detection framework has a good practical application value.

scholarly journals Evaluating Nicotine Abstinence, Smoking Cessation, Reduction and its Relapsed Among Electronic Cigarettes Single and Dual Malaysian Users: A One Year Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Azizur Noor ◽  
Mohamad Haniki Nik Mohamed ◽  
Syed Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Nicotine Abstinence ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Purpose: Evidence for the complete nicotine cessation is inadequate among electronic cigarettes (ECs) single users (SUs, use only ECs), and dual users (DUs, use both ECs and conventional cigarettes (CCs). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the nicotine cessation among SUs and DUs who used ECs over one year. Methods: We observed 70 SUs and 148 DUs for 52 weeks and tested their exhaled carbon monoxide and saliva cotinine to confirm their complete nicotine cessation status through cotinine in saliva. Safety issues were to be identified through self-report. Smoking cessation, CCs reduction of ≥ 50%, and relapsed to CCs smoking and safety issues were also documented. Results: The nicotine cessation rate was higher in SUs then DUs (15.9% vs. 6.8%; P = 0.048; 95% CI (2.328-0.902). A similar result for smoking cessation (34.8% SUs vs. 17.1% DUs; P = 0.005; 95% CI: 2.031-0.787), whereas CCs ≥ 50% reduction was 23.3% DUs vs 21.7% SUs (P = 0.863; 95% CI :1.020-0.964). Relapse to CC smoking was 47.3% in DUs versus 30.4% in SUs (P = 0.026; 95% CI: 1.555-0.757). The adverse effects reported were coughing and breathing problems, whereas craving smoking was documented as a major withdrawal symptom. Smoking-related diseases were also identified, five in DUs and two in SUs, during the one-year study period. Conclusions: Study showed SUs achieved higher complete nicotine and smoking cessation rates as compared to DUs. However, the rates of reduced CC use were not different between both the groups. No serious adverse effects related to the sole use of ECs were detected. However, the safety of the sole use of ECs in absolute terms needs to be further validated in different populations.

scholarly journals Statistical Evaluation of Risky Driver Behavior Factors that Influence Road Safety based on Drivers Age and Driving Experience in Budapest and Islamabad

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (ET.2020) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
One Year ◽  
Intelligent Assistant

Driver behavior is considered as one of the most influential factors on road safety. Most of the drivers on road involve in risky driving attitudes which cause fatal and seriously injured road accidents. This study aims to evaluate and compare the risky driver behavior factors that influence road safety based on drivers age and driving experience for Budapest and Islamabad. To achieve this, the study utilized the well-proved driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ) designed on a three-point scale to analyse statistically the driver behavior responses on perceived road safety issues. The study overall results found that drivers with age group ‘18-21 year’ and drivers with driving experience less than one year are more likely to involve in risky driver behavior factors as compared to other studied groups. Furthermore, the Budapest drivers with age group ‘18-21 year’ and driving experience less than one year are more concerned in risky driver behavior factors such as ‘disregard speed limit’, ‘failing to use personal intelligent assistant’ and ‘frequently changing lanes’. While Islamabad drivers with the same demographic characteristics are more concerned in several risky driver behavior factors as compared to other age and driving experience groups. Moreover, ANOVA analysis was run to measure the statistical significance of risky driver behavior factors between designated groups of drivers. Finally, relative risk (RR) was measured to compare that how much times one driver group is more likely to involve in risky driver behavior factors as compared to the other driver group in the sample. The study highlighted the most frequent risky driver behavior factors for each observed group to help the local policymakers to solve related road safety issues.

scholarly journals Special Considerations on the Use of Vaccines for Immunoprophylaxis of Bacterial Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
N. A. Gavrilova ◽  
Е. А. Ustyugova ◽  
N. F. Nikityuk ◽  
Yu. I. Obukhov ◽  
V. P. Bondarev
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
National Immunisation ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
One Year

Mass vaccination is an essential element of immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases, and the global community has agreed that it is crucial for preserving the lives and health of children and adults. The objective of this study was to analyse the current state of vaccination of infants under one year old against bacterial infections, given that the National Immunisation Schedule is overladen with various vaccines, and there are apparent inconsistencies between the types of marketed vaccines and recommendations on their use. The article summarises the types of antibacterial vaccines marketed in the Russian Federation, analyses some aspects of combination of different antigens and interchangeability of vaccines. The authors justify the need to amend recommendations on antibacterial vaccination and to develop common rules for the use and combination of vaccines, as well as for their interchangeability. Another important issue is adoption of requirements for the contents of patient information leaflets. The article summarises the main safety concerns regarding the use of polyvalent vaccines and simultaneous vaccination against several pathogens. It discusses safety issues of multiple immunisation and the strategy to reduce potential risks associated with an intensive vaccination schedule. The authors highlight the safety of current immunisations schedules and the need to update vaccination standards. They also demonstrate the need to harmonise national recommendations on the use of vaccines based on clinical data and the results of international clinical trials.

scholarly journals Experience, training and confidence among small, non-community drinking water system operators in Ontario, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Pons ◽  
Scott A. McEwen ◽  
Katarina Pintar ◽  
Andria Jones-Bitton ◽  
Ian Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
One Year ◽  
Training Opportunities

The water operator plays an important role in water safety; however, little published research exists that has examined this role. The purpose of this study was to develop a greater understanding of the experience, existing knowledge, confidence and future training needs of the small, non-community drinking water operator in Ontario in order to help guide future outreach and training opportunities. A cross-sectional telephone survey of 332 small, non-community drinking water operators in Ontario was conducted in July and August 2011. Survey questions pertained to respondents' experience as operators, formal training, perceived importance of water safety issues, confidence in handling water safety issues, and future training needs. Approximately 16% (54/330) of respondents had one year or less experience as a water operator, and 60% (199/332) reported that being a water operator was not a chosen profession. Only 37% (124/332) of operators reported completing operator training. Respondents reported a preference for online training courses or on-site training (compared with a classroom setting). Low training rates, inexperience, and in certain situations, low confidence, among many small water system operators highlight a need to provide continued support to the development of ongoing training opportunities in this population.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ORGANIC PRODUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES: PUBLIC SAFETY ISSUES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Petro Skrypchuk ◽  
Daryna Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Public Safety ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Organic Standards ◽  
The Eu

In the article organic standards in agricultural enterprises are systematized. Regulation of organic production in the leading countries of the EU and Ukraine is considered. Innovative provisions in the standards for the organic production are offered. The necessity of maintaining The Anti-Fraud Initiative in Ukraine is substantiated.

Safety Evacuation at Metro Transit Station in Shenyang under Fire

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 849-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ying Xu ◽  
Wan Wan Duan ◽  
Lu Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristic ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Transit Station ◽  
Safety Evacuation

It's necessary to pay much attention to the public safety issues of subway because of the rapid development of urban subway. Safety evacuation under different fire scenarios were simulated by using SIMULEX 2.0 at Metro transit station (Youth Street station) in Shenyang combined the actual structural characteristic. The results show that the evacuation capacity of Metro Line 1 is smaller than Metro Line 2; the staircase to the station hall of Metro Line 1 would be the bottleneck of the entire evacuation process; different paths have a great influence on the evacuation time; the staircase width from the platform to the station hall is the bottleneck in the evacuation procedure.

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