scholarly journals Statistical Evaluation of Risky Driver Behavior Factors that Influence Road Safety based on Drivers Age and Driving Experience in Budapest and Islamabad

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (ET.2020) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
One Year ◽  
Intelligent Assistant

Driver behavior is considered as one of the most influential factors on road safety. Most of the drivers on road involve in risky driving attitudes which cause fatal and seriously injured road accidents. This study aims to evaluate and compare the risky driver behavior factors that influence road safety based on drivers age and driving experience for Budapest and Islamabad. To achieve this, the study utilized the well-proved driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ) designed on a three-point scale to analyse statistically the driver behavior responses on perceived road safety issues. The study overall results found that drivers with age group ‘18-21 year’ and drivers with driving experience less than one year are more likely to involve in risky driver behavior factors as compared to other studied groups. Furthermore, the Budapest drivers with age group ‘18-21 year’ and driving experience less than one year are more concerned in risky driver behavior factors such as ‘disregard speed limit’, ‘failing to use personal intelligent assistant’ and ‘frequently changing lanes’. While Islamabad drivers with the same demographic characteristics are more concerned in several risky driver behavior factors as compared to other age and driving experience groups. Moreover, ANOVA analysis was run to measure the statistical significance of risky driver behavior factors between designated groups of drivers. Finally, relative risk (RR) was measured to compare that how much times one driver group is more likely to involve in risky driver behavior factors as compared to the other driver group in the sample. The study highlighted the most frequent risky driver behavior factors for each observed group to help the local policymakers to solve related road safety issues.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Ranking of Driver Behavior Factors Related to Road Safety by Applying Analytic Network Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Farooq ◽  
Sarbast Moslem
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Transportation Engineering ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Engineering Department ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Key Factor

Human behavior has been considered as a key factor in road safety. Mostly drivers involve in risky behaviors that cause road safety issues. The identification and categorization of risky driver behavior factors is very important to solve road safety issues. This study aims to evaluate and rank the most significant driver behavior factors related to road safety using multi criteria decision making applications. Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) was designed based on Saaty scale by considering the important risky driver behavior factors related to road safety. Twenty experts of transportation engineering department having high driving experience were asked to fill the dynamic questionnaire survey. The analytic network process (ANP) was applied based on pairwise comparisons of driver responses to rank the risky driver behavior factors. Network model results were used to differentiate more significant and less significant risky driving behavior factors based on measured criteria on perceived road safety issues. The analysis results revealed that "driving without alcohol use" was the most significant factor and "obeying speed limits" was the least significant factor for road safety as compared to other factors. The high rank risky driver behavior factors should be more focused to solve road safety issues.

A Survey on Awareness of Traffic Signs among Youth in Qatar

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 2133-2136
Author(s):  
Khaled Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Young Drivers ◽  
Minor Injuries

In Qatar, road accidents kill approximately 200 people every year and injure or disable many others. In addition to 205 fatalities in 2010, road accidents resulted in 586 major injuries and 4,723 minor injuries in Qatar. Road accidents are responsible for approximately 18% of the total deaths in Qatar compared to approximately 2% in the United States. Young drivers are known to be a problem age group for road safety in several countries. The objective of this paper is to understand the young driver's knowledge of the traffic signs in Qatar and to determine the extent to which drivers are different in their knowledge when it comes to gender, age, and nationality. The results showed a high percentage of the young drivers were familiar with traffic signs. The results found no significant relationship between the success rate and the gender of the respondents, their nationality, and the driving experience at the 10% significance level. However, there was a strong relationship between the response and age of the respondents.

scholarly journals Active Signage of Pedestrian Crossings as a Tool in Road Safety Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9405
Author(s):  
Piotr Szagała ◽  
Piotr Olszewski ◽  
Witold Czajewski ◽  
Paweł Dąbkowski
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Arterial Streets ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Average Waiting Time ◽  
One Year

The main objective of the study was to verify the effectiveness of active pedestrian crossings equipped with flashing lights activated automatically by detected pedestrians. A pilot study was conducted in two sites, where speed profiles of vehicles over the distance of 30 m before the crossing were analyzed. The study produced promising results in terms of reducing vehicle speeds so the next study investigated four other unsignalized pedestrian crossings. They were video-recorded for 48 h each, before, after and a year after installation. The ANOVA test was used to check the statistical significance of changes in selected indicators. Even after a year from the installation, the effect of the active signage remained significant. The average percentage of drivers yielding to pedestrians was 77.4% higher and the average waiting time 25.2% lower than before the installation. The average speeds of vehicles were 3.53 km/h lower on collector and 2.60 km/h lower on arterial streets. A decline in the probability of a pedestrian being killed or severely injured (KSI) ranged from 6.3 pp (9.4%) on the arterial streets immediately after the installation up to 12.9 pp (31.7%) on the collector streets one year after.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Driver Behavior Criteria for Evolution of Sustainable Traffic Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Farooq ◽  
Sarbast Moslem ◽  
Szabolcs Duleba
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
The Difference

Driver behavior has been considered as the most influential factor in reducing fatal road accidents and the resulting injuries. Thus, it is important to focus on the significance of driver behavior criteria to solve road safety issues for a sustainable traffic system. The recent study aims to enumerate the most significant driver behavior factors which have a critical impact on road safety. The well-proven Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been applied for 20 examined driver behavior factors in a three-level hierarchical structure. Linguistic judgment data have been collected from three nominated evaluator groups in order to detect the difference of responses on perceived road safety issues. The comparison scales had been averaged prior to computing the weights of driver behavior factors. The AHP ranking results have revealed that most of the drivers are most concerned about the “Errors”, followed by the “Lapses” for the first level. The highest influential sub-criteria for the second level is the “Aggressive violations” and for the third level, the “Drive with alcohol use”. Kendall’s rank correlation has also been applied to detect the agreement degree among the evaluator groups for each level in the hierarchical structure. The estimated results indicate that road management authorities should focus on high-rank significant driver behavior criteria to solve road safety issues for sustainable traffic safety.

Motorcycle Taxis and Road Safety in Southwestern Nigeria

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusanya C. Akinlade ◽  
William R. Brieger
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
School Health ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Safety Issues

Motorcycles have become a major form of commercial transportation in Nigeria over the past decade, due in large part to the economic downturn which has placed the purchase and maintenance of new cars and minibuses beyond the grasp of most. The phenomenon began in the towns of Igbo-Ora and Eruwa in southwestern Oyo State, Nigeria around 1989, and has been observed to have important health risks while at the same time providing essential transportation. The study documented 81 road traffic accidents from hospital records in the town of Igbo-Ora in the six months preceding the survey. An observational component of the study documented that only one among 480 motorcyclists observed wore a helmet. Other safety problems included speed, failure to stop at a junction before entering a main road, wearing non-protective light clothing and slippers, carrying in excess of one passenger, and failure to make appropriate turn signals. Older drivers were observed to perform more safety behaviors than younger ones. A total of 267 commercial motorcycle (taxi) drivers (CMDs) were interviewed. Only 31% had some form of license (including learner permits), only 44.2% had seen a copy of the highway code, and 28.1% were reported to have consumed alcohol during short breaks from work. CMDs who had some form of license were older, owned their motorcycle, and had higher safety self-efficacy scores. Those who had seen the highway code, which is published in English, were more educated and had longer years of driving experience, higher safety self-efficacy scores, and greater road safety knowledge. Drinking alcohol during the workday was negatively associated with safety self-efficacy, safety opinion scores, and ownership of the motorcycle. Health education based in the CMD union, school health education, and public advocacy to make consumers/passengers aware of safety issues is recommended.

scholarly journals The improvement of organizational and legal mechanisms of admission of novice drivers to traffic on roads

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Novgorodov ◽  
Aleksandr Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Russian Federation

The research object is social relations connected with the admission of novice drivers to traffic on roads and the issue of driver’s licences. The research subject is the set of normative acts of the Russian Federation regulating the admission of drivers to traffic on roads, and the statistical data of the State Road Safety Unit on road accidents with novice drivers whose driving experience is up to 2 years. The authors analyse road accidents with novice drivers, identify the main reasons of accidents and offer the solutions to these problems. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that the analysis of traffic accidents helped to outline the problems that should be solved within the shortest possible time in order to reduce the number of road accidents caused by novice drivers. In this context, the authors suggest introducing changes into the legislation of the Russian Federation which would allow for the declaration of driver’s licences issued in other states invalid, as well as the exchange of non-Russian driver’s licences for Russian ones only after adequate training and passing the exams. Besides, the authors suggest introducing the possibility for juveniles who passed the exams to drive a vehicle before they arrive the age of 18 with particular restrictions and accompanied by an experienced driver.   

scholarly journals Application of a Multi-criteria Approach to Road Safety Evaluation in the Bushehr Province, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Haghighat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Safety Coefficient ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Road safety is one of the influential factors in reducing road accidents and the resulting injuries and fatalities. The aim of this study is to determine the safety position of the roads of the Bushehr province based on various quantitative and qualitative criteria. For this purpose, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach has been utilized. In this approach, first all criteria influencing road safety in the Bushehr province were classified into main and sub-criteria groups and their weights were obtained using Group Analytic Hierarchy Process (GAHP). Then, the rankings of the Bushehr province roads were calculated through the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The results indicate that during the period of investigation, the roads of Bushehr-Borazjan and Borazjan-Genaveh were the best with minor difference and Deylem-Behbahan road was the worst road of this province. In this regard, the criteria of violations/traffic and road facilities contribute more to the results due to their weights. It is clear that continuous evaluation of road safety will have significant effect on governmental policy-makings for improving roads and safety-related actions. KEY WORDS: Roads Safety Coefficient, quantitative and qualitative criteria, Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), GAHP Technique, TOPSIS Method

O-153 Is paternal age associated with timing, stage, morphology, and implantation of the competent blastocyst: a multicenter cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Buhl Borgstrøm ◽  
M Grøndahl ◽  
T Wirenfeldt Klausen ◽  
A Kjærgaard Danielsen ◽  
T Thomsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
One Year

Abstract Study question Is age of men undergoing assisted reproductive technology associated with timing, stage, morphology, and implantation of the competent blastocyst? Summary answer Advanced paternal age was associated with reduced development speed and level of hCG in the competent blastocysts in COS treatments. What is known already We have shown that for every one-year increase in women’s age there is a 5% reduced probability that the competent blastocyst is in an advanced development stage. Likewise, we have shown that the initial hCG rise is associated with women’s age with the youngest women having the lowest hCG level. It is unknown whether the age of men undergoing ART treatment is associated with the timing (day 5 or 6), the development stage, morphology, and the early implantation of the competent blastocyst. Study design, size, duration This is a multicenter historical cohort study based on data from 16 private and university-based public fertility clinics where 7246 men and women, between 2014 and 2018, underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) or Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer (FET) with a single blastocyst transfer resulting in a singleton pregnancy. These data were linked to the Danish Medical Birth Registry, resulting in inclusion of 4842 men with a partner giving birth. Participants/materials, setting, methods Exposure (age) and outcome data (blastocyst timing (day 5 or 6), development stage (3-6), inner cell mass (ICM)(A,B,C), trophectoderm (TE)(A,B,C) and hCG were collected from the database, Danish Medical Data Center. All COS cycles (IVF and ICSI) and FET cycles (natural and substituted), were included. Exclusion criteria were cycles with pre-implantation genetic testing, donated oocytes and semen. The analyses were adjusted for female age, female smoking, female BMI, diagnosis and clinic. Main results and the role of chance The adjusted association between paternal age and transfer day in COS treatments showed that for every increase of one year, men had a 6% increased probability that the competent blastocyst was transferred on day 6 compared to day 5 (OR 1.06, 95% CI (1.00;1.13). The mean difference in hCG values when comparing paternal age group 30-34, 35-39 and 40-45 with the age group 25-29 in those receiving COS treatment, all showed significantly lower adjusted values for older men. In FET treatments, none of the investigated associations reached statistical significance. Limitations, reasons for caution The blastocyst morphology was subjectively assessed, and information bias may have influenced the results. However, adjusting for clinic takes the potential influence of variation in embryo scoring between clinics into consideration. Wider implications of the findings We hypothesize that the later transfer (day 6) in female partners of older men is likely to be due to longer time spent by the oocyte to repair fragmented DNA of the sperm cells, which should be a focus of future research in men. Trial registration number “not applicable”

Drivers' Judgments of Safe Distances in Vehicle Following

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Colbourn ◽  
Ivan D. Brown ◽  
Alan K. Copeman
Keyword(s):  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Support Devices

Driver behavior in the vehicle-following situation, a major source of road accidents, was investigated using a controlled-track experiment. Drivers were found to adopt headways of approximately 2 s irrespective of speed of travel, driving experience, or instructed probability of the leading vehicle's stopping. Under the optimal conditions used, drivers demonstrated that such headways were more than adequate to avoid tail-end collisions in an emergency situation. The implications of these results for the development of perceptual-motor support devices and the attribution of causes in road accidents are discussed.

scholarly journals Coping with COVID-19: The Strategies Adapted by Pakistani Students to Overcome Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Gul Muhammad Baloch ◽  
Kamilah Kamaludin ◽  
Karuthan Chinna ◽  
Sheela Sundarasen ◽  
Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
University Policies ◽  
One Year

COVID-19 has speedily immersed the globe with 72+ million cases and 1.64 million deaths, in a span of around one year, disturbing and deteriorating almost every sphere of life. This study investigates how students in Pakistan have coped with the COVID-19. Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used for measuring anxiety and the coping strategies were measured on four strategies i.e., seeking social support, humanitarian, acceptance, and mental disengagement. Among 494 respondents, 61% were females and 77.3% of the students were in the age group of 19–25 years. The study findings indicate that approximately 41 percent of students are experiencing some level of anxiety, including 16% with severe to extreme levels. Seeking social support seemed to be the least preferred coping strategy and that female students seek social support, humanitarian, and acceptance coping strategies more than males. Students used both emotion-based and problem-based coping strategies. The variables of gender, age, ethnicity, level and type of study, and living arrangement of the students were associated with usage of coping strategies. Findings showing that students do not prefer to seek social support. The study outcomes will provide basic data for university policies in Pakistan and the other countries with same cultural contexts to design and place better mental health provisions for students.

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