scholarly journals Evaluating Nicotine Abstinence, Smoking Cessation, Reduction and its Relapsed Among Electronic Cigarettes Single and Dual Malaysian Users: A One Year Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
Azizur Noor ◽  
Mohamad Haniki Nik Mohamed ◽  
Syed Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Nicotine Abstinence ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Purpose: Evidence for the complete nicotine cessation is inadequate among electronic cigarettes (ECs) single users (SUs, use only ECs), and dual users (DUs, use both ECs and conventional cigarettes (CCs). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the nicotine cessation among SUs and DUs who used ECs over one year. Methods: We observed 70 SUs and 148 DUs for 52 weeks and tested their exhaled carbon monoxide and saliva cotinine to confirm their complete nicotine cessation status through cotinine in saliva. Safety issues were to be identified through self-report. Smoking cessation, CCs reduction of ≥ 50%, and relapsed to CCs smoking and safety issues were also documented. Results: The nicotine cessation rate was higher in SUs then DUs (15.9% vs. 6.8%; P = 0.048; 95% CI (2.328-0.902). A similar result for smoking cessation (34.8% SUs vs. 17.1% DUs; P = 0.005; 95% CI: 2.031-0.787), whereas CCs ≥ 50% reduction was 23.3% DUs vs 21.7% SUs (P = 0.863; 95% CI :1.020-0.964). Relapse to CC smoking was 47.3% in DUs versus 30.4% in SUs (P = 0.026; 95% CI: 1.555-0.757). The adverse effects reported were coughing and breathing problems, whereas craving smoking was documented as a major withdrawal symptom. Smoking-related diseases were also identified, five in DUs and two in SUs, during the one-year study period. Conclusions: Study showed SUs achieved higher complete nicotine and smoking cessation rates as compared to DUs. However, the rates of reduced CC use were not different between both the groups. No serious adverse effects related to the sole use of ECs were detected. However, the safety of the sole use of ECs in absolute terms needs to be further validated in different populations.

scholarly journals Smoking Cessation Services by Community Pharmacists: Real-World Practice in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11890
Author(s):  
Sunee Lertsinudom ◽  
Pentipa Kaewketthong ◽  
Tamonwan Chankaew ◽  
Dujrudee Chinwong ◽  
Surarong Chinwong
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P Value ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Smoking Cessation Services ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

This study aimed to report the effectiveness of community pharmacy smoking cessation services in 13 health regions in Thailand using a retrospective data-collecting method from the Foundation of Community Pharmacy database. The participants were smokers aged at least 18 years. The outcomes were the abstinence of smoking at least 30 consecutive days by self-report only and self-report with exhaled CO level <7 ppm (if available), the number of cigarettes smoked daily, exhaled carbon monoxide (exhaled CO), and % peak expiratory flow rate (%PEFR); smokers measured these outcomes before and after receiving the smoking cessation services. Of 58 community pharmacies, 532 smokers (93% male, mean age of 42.4 ± 14.9 years) received smoking cessation services from community pharmacists. Of 235 smokers with complete data, 153 (28.8%, 153/532) smokers reported smoking abstinence by self-report. The mean number of cigarettes smoked daily reduced from 15.3 ± 8.7 to 1.9 ± 3.8 cigarettes, p-value < 0.001. The exhaled CO levels of smokers significantly reduced from 11.7 ± 5.9 ppm to 7.2 ± 4.4 ppm, p-value < 0.001. The %PEFR also significantly increased from 84.2 ± 19.4 to 89.5 ± 19.5, p-value < 0.001. In conclusion, Thai community pharmacy smoking cessation services could aid smokers to quit smoking. This study is the outcome of the real-world community pharmacy smoking cessation service; policymakers should consider this service to be included in the national healthcare policy.

Nicotine and Tobacco

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-182
Author(s):  
Shadi Nahvi ◽  
Darius A. Rastegar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide

Nicotine is responsible for the psychoactive and habit-forming effects of tobacco. Approximately 30% of Americans use tobacco products; half of them are nicotine-dependent. Nicotine has mild stimulant effects. Overdose is rare in experienced users. Some may develop nausea, vomiting, weakness, and dizziness. Withdrawal symptoms include craving, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, and increased appetite. Smokers have elevated exhaled carbon monoxide and serum carboxyhemoglobin levels. Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, can be detected in blood and urine. Many medical conditions are associated with tobacco use (particularly smoking), including cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and a variety of malignancies. A number of interventions can help increase smoking cessation rates, including physician advice, counseling, nicotine replacement, varenicline, and bupropion. Electronic cigarettes may help smokers quit or reduce their smoking.

Efficacy of Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1502-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Kelly Orr ◽  
Nicole J. Asal
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Study Selection

Objective: To review data demonstrating effective smoking cessation with electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Data Sources: A literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed (1946-March 2014) was performed using the search terms e-cigarettes, electronic cigarettes, and smoking cessation. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language clinical studies assessing efficacy of e-cigarettes compared with baseline, placebo, or other pharmacological methods to aid in withdrawal symptoms, smoking reduction, or cessation were evaluated. Data Synthesis: A total of 6 clinical studies were included in the review. In small studies, e-cigarettes significantly decreased desire to smoke, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and exhaled carbon monoxide levels. Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and adverse effects were variable. The most common adverse effects were nausea, headache, cough, and mouth/throat irritation. Compared with nicotine patches, e-cigarettes were associated with fewer adverse effects and higher adherence. Most studies showed a significant decrease in cigarette use acutely; however, long-term cessation was not sustained at 6 months. Conclusions: There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation; however, there may be a place in therapy to help modify smoking habits or reduce the number of cigarettes smoked. Studies available provided different administration patterns such as use while smoking, instead of smoking, or as needed. Short-term studies reviewed were small and did not necessarily evaluate cessation with a focus on parameters associated with cessation withdrawal symptoms. Though long-term safety is unknown, concerns regarding increased poisoning exposures among adults in comparison with cigarettes are alarming.

scholarly journals Hypnosis in Smoking Cessation: The Effectiveness of Some Basic Principles of Hypnotherapy Without Using Formal Trance — A Case Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Riegel ◽  
Sven Tönnies
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Individual Person ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
One Year ◽  
Individual Strategies ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article gives an insight into some possible intervention strategies using the basic principles of hypnotherapy. An excerpt of a treatment is described, showing the main effect with this individual person. The therapist applied the idea of unconscious seedings by narrating other clients' strategies. At the end, he supports the search of individual strategies. Abstinence was controlled one year after the last meeting by self-report and CO-measurement.

scholarly journals Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Liver Oligometastases: Outcomes and Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Dejan Cazic ◽  
Goran Marosevic
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Primary Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Arc Therapy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

<p class="Default"><strong>Objective. </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate adverse effects, progression free survival (PFS), one-year local control (LC) and one-year overall survival (OS) of patients with liver oligometastases treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and whether there was a significant difference in these parameters in patients with primary colorectal cancer compared to other tumor localizations.</p><p class="Default"> <strong>Patients and Methods. </strong>Patients were simulated using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). Using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique, SBRT was performed on 16 patients with &lt;3 liver metastases. The prescribed dose was 60 Gy in 8 fractions (BED 105 Gy). Cone beam CT (CBCT) was used for image guidance before each frac­tion with online correction.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Results. </strong>There were no adverse effects. Median PFS for all patients, patients with primary colorectal cancer, and patients with primary non-colorectal cancer was 11 months (SE 2.1), 16 months (SE 2.8), 6 months (SE 2.4), re­spectively. There was no significant difference in the PFS for these two observed groups (P=0.09). The one-year LC was 62.5%. Patients with primary colorectal cancer had one-year LC of 87.5%, while the group of patients with primary non-colorectal cancer had one-year LC of 37.5% (P=0.063). The total one-year OS was 87.5%. In the group of patients with primary colorectal cancer, the one-year OS was 100%, while in the group of patients with primary non-colorectal cancer, the one-year OS was 75% (P=0.317).</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusion. </strong>SBRT with 8 × 7.5 Gy can be safely delivered and is effective method of treating liver oligometastases.</p>

scholarly journals Experiences of being a family caregiver to a patient treated for oesophageal cancer—1 year after surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia H. Ringborg ◽  
Anna Schandl ◽  
Yvonne Wengström ◽  
Pernilla Lagergren
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Oesophageal Cancer ◽  
Family Caregiver ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Oesophageal Surgery ◽  
Recovery Study ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Survivorship

Abstract Purpose There is a need to put family caregivers on the cancer survivorship research agenda. Therefore, the aim of this is study is to explore the experiences of being a family caregiver to a patient treated for oesophageal cancer. Method This qualitative study was based on the ongoing nationwide and prospective Oesophageal Surgery on Cancer patients – Adaptation and Recovery study (OSCAR) including patients surgically treated for oesophageal cancer in Sweden and their closest family caregiver. One year after the patient’s surgery, each family caregiver received a self-report questionnaire kit to fill in. For the purpose of this study, the responses to the open-ended question “Is there anything else you would like to share?” were used and analysed by conducting thematic analysis. Results In total, 112 responses to the open-ended question were transcribed and analysed. The text rendered three themes: Discontinued support from healthcare—mostly a positive experience before surgery and in the acute survivorship phase. However, after discharge from the hospital, the family caregiver felt as though they were left alone, fully responsible for the patient’s care. A changed life—unprepared for life-changing situation after the patient received the cancer diagnosis. A feeling that nothing will ever be the same and like your sense of self is lost. Psychological distress—was described as a feeling of being alone. Family caregivers felt invisible and no longer important to family and friends. The patient was the one that mattered. Conclusion This study indicates that patients and family caregivers would benefit from a more family-centred healthcare, where the patients’ as well as the caregivers’ perspectives would be acknowledged.

scholarly journals Cigarro Eletrónico: Posição da Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Reis Ferreira ◽  
Ana Figueiredo ◽  
José Pedro Boléo-Tomé ◽  
Carlos Robalo Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes

<strong>Keywords:</strong> Electronic Cigarettes/adverse effects; Nicotine; Portugal; Smoking Cessation/methods.<br />

scholarly journals Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Liver Oligometastases: outcomes and safety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Cazic ◽  
Goran Marosevic
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cone Beam Ct ◽  
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Primary Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Arc Therapy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate adverse effects, progression free survival (PFS), one-year local control (LC) and one-year overall survival (OS) of patients with liver oligometastases treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and whether there is a significant difference in these parameters in patients with primary colorectal cancer compared to other tumor localizations.Methods: Patients were simulated using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). Using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique, SBRT was performed on 16 patients with <3 liver metastases. The prescribed dose was 60 Gy in 8 fractions (BED 105 Gy). Cone beam CT (CBCT) was used for image guidance before each fraction with online correction.Results: There were no adverse effects. Mean PFS for all patients, patients with primary colorectal cancer, and patients with primary non-colorectal cancer was 12.2 months (SD 8.3), 16.3 months (SD 7.9), 8.1 months (SD 6.8), respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean PFS for these two observed groups (p = 0.023). The one-year LC was 62.5%. Patients with primary colorectal cancer had the one-year LC of 87.5%, while the group of patients with primary non-colorectal cancer had the one-year LC of 37.5% (p = 0.014). The total one-year OS was 87.5%. In the group of patients with primary colorectal cancer, the one-year OS was 100%, while in the group of patients with primary non-colorectal cancer, the one-year OS was 75% (p = 0.147).Conclusion: SBRT is a safe and effective method of treating liver oligometastases.

Coping Techniques in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Two Controlled Case Studies

1985 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Göran Öst
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stress Inoculation ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Applied Relaxation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

The effects of applied relaxation and stress-inoculation respectively were tested in an A–B design for one patient with panic disorder and one with generalized anxiety disorder. The treatments took 13 and 12 sessions respectively, and both patients were improved to a large extent as assessed by self-report, self-observation and physiological measures. The improvements were sustained or furthered at the one-year follow-up.

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