Mobile Money: A Theoretical Study of Alternative Media of Exchange, and an Empirical Study with Respect to M-Pesa in Kenya

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giridaran Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
Mobile Money

scholarly journals An Empirical Examination of Why Mobile Money Schemes Ignite in Some Developing Countries but Flounder in Most

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Evans ◽  
Alexis Pirchio
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Successes And Failures

AbstractMobile money schemes have grown rapidly in some developing countries but failed in many more. This paper reports the results of an empirical study of mobile money schemes in 22 developing countries chosen based on prior evidence to include roughly equal numbers of successes and failures. It uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative evidence to determine why some countries succeeded in launching mobile money schemes and others failed. The analysis is guided by multi-sided platform economics and in particular recent work on the role of ignition and critical mass. It finds among other things heavy regulation, and in particular an insistence that banks play a central role in the schemes, which is generally fatal to igniting mobile money schemes.

scholarly journals Money and Currency in African History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane I. Guyer ◽  
Karin Pallaver
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
African History ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Phase ◽  
Atlantic Slave Trade

African peoples have managed multiple currencies, for all the classic four functions of money, for at least a thousand years: within each society’s own circuits, in regional exchange, and across the continent’s borders with the rest of the world. Given the materials of some of these currencies, and the general absence of formalized denominations until the colonial period, some early European accounts defined certain transactions as barter. The management of multiplicity is traced through four eras: a) the precolonial period, with some monies locally produced and acquired, and others imported through intercontinental trades, such as the Atlantic slave trade, and eventually under the expansion of capitalism to Africa; b) the colonial period, when precolonial monies, in some places, still circulated with official monies; c) postcolonial national monies for the new African states; and d) the most recent phase of multiplicity in use, due to migration and sales across borders as well as to the use of new technologies, such as mobile money. The management of multiplicity thereby has a long history and continues to be an inventive frontier. History and ethnography meet on common ground to address these dynamics through empirical study of money in practice, and broader scholarship has drawn on a large variety of original sources.

scholarly journals Pedagogical challenges in Distance Learning during COVID-19 conditions – Experience of Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 947-955
Author(s):  
Pāvels Jurs ◽  
Inta Kulberga
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Teacher Survey ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Regulatory Analysis ◽  
Learning Concept

Due to the global pandemic caused by the spread of coronavirus disease, the educational process has experienced very significant transformations – in the pedagogical process both pupils and parents, teachers and education policy makers have encountered essential challenges and an unprecedent experience The aim of the research, based on the theoretical study of the distance learning concept and empirical research, and finding out the teachers’ attitude towards distance learning, is to describe the Latvia experience in distance learning during COVID-19 conditions. The research's methodology is based on teacher survey, regulatory analysis, and concessional analysis. The study highlights problems in the context of distance learning and makes a significant contribution to further research. Analysing the results of the empirical study and outcomes of the survey, it has been concluded that teachers feel psycho-emotional and physiological overload due to distance education.   Keywords: distance learning; education; pedagogical process; pupil; teacher

scholarly journals Customers' Perceived Risk and Trust in Using Mobile Money Services—an Empirical Study of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibn Kailan Abdul-Hamid ◽  
Aijaz A. Shaikh ◽  
Henry Boateng ◽  
Robert E. Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Intent To Use

Although mobile money (MM) has been explored in the existing literature, the roles of trust and risk in MM use have received little attention from researchers. Furthermore, many of the existing studies have treated these constructs as unidimensional. The extant literature also shows that perceived risk has received little attention from researchers who have conducted studies on MM. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the roles of trust and perceived risk in customers' intent to adopt MM services in Ghana. Both trust and perceived risk were broken down into various dimensions. The study involved 671 respondents who were selected via an intercept approach and an online survey. Structural equation modelling was used to test the study's hypotheses. The findings show that perceived risk is negatively associated with customers' intent to use MM services and economy-based trust. Trust in service providers and economy-based trust are positively associated with customers' intent to use MM services. The implications of the findings are provided in the latter part of this study.

Pricing American call options under a hard-to-borrow stock model

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUIYUAN MA ◽  
SONG-PING ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Call Option ◽  
Call Options ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
Classic Result ◽  
Stock Model

While a classic result by Merton (1973,Bell J. Econ. Manage. Sci., 141–183) is that one should never exercise an American call option just before expiration if the underlying stock pays no dividends, the conclusion of a very recent empirical study conducted by Jensen and Pedersen (2016,J. Financ. Econ.121(2), 278–299) suggests that one should ‘never say never’. This paper complements Jensen and Pedersen's empirical study by presenting a theoretical study on how to price American call options under a hard-to-borrow stock model proposed by Avellaneda and Lipkin (2009,Risk22(6), 92–97). Our study confirms that it is the lending fee that results in the early exercise of American call options and we shall also demonstrate to what extent lending fees have affected the early exercise decision.

scholarly journals The relationship between return on investment and the market share of certain listed companies in selected market sectors: 1975 - 1985

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
P. W.C. De Wit ◽  
N. J.R. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
South African ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Company

During a theoretical study of company objectives it was found that it is generally assumed that a positive relationship exists between return on investment and the market share of a company. Examination of the formula for calculating return on investment shows, however, that this may not necessarily be the case. As existing studies regarding this relationship could not give any clarity, the need arose for a South African based study. An empirical study was accordingly executed on listed retail stores and companies involved in the manufacturing and distribution of furniture. The period involved was 1975-1985. No meaningful relationship between return on investment and market share could be found. Various recommendations that may lead to more conclusive results during future research were made. The need for accurate findings exists to establish whether the marketing objective is in line with the company objective.

scholarly journals MASALAH PENGENAAN PAJAK DAN UPAYA MENGHINDARI DITINJAU DARI TEORI EKONOMI MIKRO

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigit Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Tax Incidence ◽  
Development Cost ◽  
Important Concept ◽  
Public Economy

The tax constitutes the important fund source for the development cost, thus it needs the efforts to do for intensification of fund taking. The success of these efforts will be determined by two related things, namely the society’s awareness to pay the tax  and the attitude and the ability of the tax authority in doing its duty in the field. The most fundamental problem in the tax aspect is actually located in the efforts for finding the answer, who receives the last tax load in the next turn. Is the last tax load taken by every person paying amount of money to the state’s revenue? Not certainly. Because it is still potential to shift the tax load, partly or overall, to other people. In public economy, the concept of tax load shift and the last tax load (tax incidence) is an important concept to be understood. The company revenue’s last tax load or incidence is a controversial case, from both the theoretical study and the empirical study. The resolution toward this case becomes interesting and important to be learned, so the related practitioners can determine and implement the tax policy more carefully. The critical point in this problem is located in “how to determine the last load receiver, that will carry implication toward the society’s income distribution.Key word : Shifting Tax; Tax Incidence; Theory MicroThe tax constitutes the important fund source for the development cost, thus it needs the efforts to do for intensification of fund taking. The success of these efforts will be determined by two related things, namely the society’s awareness to pay the tax  and the attitude and the ability of the tax authority in doing its duty in the field. The most fundamental problem in the tax aspect is actually located in the efforts for finding the answer, who receives the last tax load in the next turn. Is the last tax load taken by every person paying amount of money to the state’s revenue? Not certainly. Because it is still potential to shift the tax load, partly or overall, to other people. In public economy, the concept of tax load shift and the last tax load (tax incidence) is an important concept to be understood. The company revenue’s last tax load or incidence is a controversial case, from both the theoretical study and the empirical study. The resolution toward this case becomes interesting and important to be learned, so the related practitioners can determine and implement the tax policy more carefully. The critical point in this problem is located in “how to determine the last load receiver, that will carry implication toward the society’s income distribution.Key word : Shifting Tax; Tax Incidence; Theory MicroThe tax constitutes the important fund source for the development cost, thus it needs the efforts to do for intensification of fund taking. The success of these efforts will be determined by two related things, namely the society’s awareness to pay the tax  and the attitude and the ability of the tax authority in doing its duty in the field. The most fundamental problem in the tax aspect is actually located in the efforts for finding the answer, who receives the last tax load in the next turn. Is the last tax load taken by every person paying amount of money to the state’s revenue? Not certainly. Because it is still potential to shift the tax load, partly or overall, to other people. In public economy, the concept of tax load shift and the last tax load (tax incidence) is an important concept to be understood. The company revenue’s last tax load or incidence is a controversial case, from both the theoretical study and the empirical study. The resolution toward this case becomes interesting and important to be learned, so the related practitioners can determine and implement the tax policy more carefully. The critical point in this problem is located in “how to determine the last load receiver, that will carry implication toward the society’s income distribution.Key word : Shifting Tax; Tax Incidence; Theory Micro

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