scholarly journals Informational Capabilities - The Missing Link for the Impact of ICT on Development

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn-Soren Gigler
Keyword(s):  
Missing Link ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Reconciling laboratory and field assessments of neonicotinoid toxicity to honeybees

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1819) ◽  
pp. 20152110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Henry ◽  
Nicolas Cerrutti ◽  
Pierrick Aupinel ◽  
Axel Decourtye ◽  
Mélanie Gayrard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Study Country ◽  
Neonicotinoid Pesticides ◽  
The Impact

European governments have banned the use of three common neonicotinoid pesticides due to insufficiently identified risks to bees. This policy decision is controversial given the absence of clear consistency between toxicity assessments of those substances in the laboratory and in the field. Although laboratory trials report deleterious effects in honeybees at trace levels, field surveys reveal no decrease in the performance of honeybee colonies in the vicinity of treated fields. Here we provide the missing link, showing that individual honeybees near thiamethoxam-treated fields do indeed disappear at a faster rate, but the impact of this is buffered by the colonies' demographic regulation response. Although we could ascertain the exposure pathway of thiamethoxam residues from treated flowers to honeybee dietary nectar, we uncovered an unexpected pervasive co-occurrence of similar concentrations of imidacloprid, another neonicotinoid normally restricted to non-entomophilous crops in the study country. Thus, its origin and transfer pathways through the succession of annual crops need be elucidated to conveniently appraise the risks of combined neonicotinoid exposures. This study reconciles the conflicting laboratory and field toxicity assessments of neonicotinoids on honeybees and further highlights the difficulty in actually detecting non-intentional effects on the field through conventional risk assessment methods.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Supernova Explosions: The Missing Link between Wolf-Rayet Binaries, Run-Away OB Stars and Pulsars

1981 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 184-184
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre De Cuyper
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Orbital Velocity ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ob Stars ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Supernova Explosions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
X Ray Binaries

The WR binary systems, consisting of a WR star and an O or B star companion, are supposed to be the progenitors of the massive X-ray binaries. The missing link is generally accepted to be the SN explosion of the WR star which leaves a pulsar remnant. As most pulsars originate from single stars, observations of their proper motions indicate that they receive at their birth a “kick” velocity of about 100 km s−1. We assume this velocity to be due to the asymmetry of the SN explosion. This asymmetry, together with the loss of the SN shell and its impact on the OB star, may cause to disrupt the remaining system.For the ten best known WR binaries we evaluated the survival probability P after an instantaneous SN explosion, leaving a 1.5 M⊙ collapsar with a random orientated kick velocity of 75 kms−1 (case a) and 150 kms−1 (case b) respectively. The influence of the impact is found to be marginal. The run-away velocity of the remaining system and of the disrupted OB star are comparable and of the same order of magnitude, but smaller than the initial orbital velocity of the OB companion; which decreases for increasing values of the initial orbital period. They are found to be independent of the kick velocity.

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