Maintaining Effort and Interest despite Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Process Tracing Approach to a Teacher’s Grit during an Online L2 Course

Grit—the ability to maintain effort and interest for long-term goals—is argued to be an important individual factor for achievement, especially in the face of obstacles. However, little research has examined the possible fluctuations of effort and interest and how challenges may trigger the changes of effort and interest. In this study, we measured a teacher’s grit at the beginning of an online course during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we focused on the changes in a teacher’s effort and interest throughout the course. In this case study we unpacked the explanations of possible changes in grit via process tracing. Despite the fact that the teacher scored high on the grit scale, we found that the sudden shift from in-person to online teaching had put much pressure and demand on the teacher. The new teaching challenge influenced the teacher’s self-evaluation of their teaching performance and students’ engagement, which led to changes in effort and interest. Therefore, we argue that one’s average grit (e.g., measured by grit scale) cannot be the representation of their ability to maintain interest and effort on different occasions due to the influence of different situational causes or pressure. Specifically, during the course, the teacher’s effort and interest underwent changes on four occasions, characterized by four distinct dynamic patterns in terms of the interaction of high and low interest and effort. The four emerging patterns of L2 teacher effort and interest indicate that the construct of grit could be explained in terms of four dynamic clusters or archetypes. This study provides implications for understanding the complex dynamic nature of grit, which can be further explored through cluster analytic approaches in future studies.

UPAYA GURU MENUMBUHKAN PERILAKU BERTANGGUNG JAWAB SISWA DALAM BELAJAR DI MI MUHAMMADIYAH 12 NGAMPEL PONOROGO JAWA TIMUR

This research was conducted to know the factors that cause fifth-grade children to be less responsible in their learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 12 Ngampel and the teacher efforts of the teacher in fostering responsible behavior in classroom children’s learning. This type of research is qualitative research with a case study approach. The subjects of this study were all students of grade V, totaling 14 students, the principal of the class teacher. Religion teacher and MADIN/TPA teacher. Data collection methods used included an interview, observation, and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis used included: data reduction, data presentation, and concluding data validation using triangulation and member checking techniques. The results of this study are as follows (1) the factor that causes less responsibility the learning of class children V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 12 Ngampel, namely the ability of the student is low. The level of student awareness is low in the importance of learning responsibility and the lack of attention of parents toward children’s education. (2) teacher effort in fostering responsible behavior in learning for grade V student in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 12 Ngampel, that is student introduced to the importance of responsibility in taking responsibility for learning and collaboration between the school and parent in caring for and educating children.

Does Evaluation Change Teacher Effort and Performance? Quasi-Experimental Evidence from a Policy of Retesting Students

We document measurable, lasting gains in student achievement caused by a change in teachers' evaluation incentives. A short-lived rule created a discontinuity in teachers' incentives when allocating effort across their assigned students: students who failed an initial end-of-year test were retested a few weeks later, and then only the higher of the two scores was used when calculating the teacher's evaluation score. One year later, long after the discontinuity in incentives had ended, retested students scored 0.03σ higher than non-retested students. Otherwise identical students were treated differently by teachers because of evaluation incentives, despite arguably equal returns to teacher effort.

Cara Guru Ngaji Dalam Meningkatkan Membaca Al-Qur’an Majelis Taklim Aisyiyah Kabupaten Seluma

The research is aimed to describe the eforts of reciting Al-Quran teacher in increasing reading Al-Quran ability of women of taklim souncil Aisiyah RT 03 at Masmambang village Talo Subdistrict Seluma Regency. Subjects in this research are the chief and reciting Al-Quran teacher of Taklim Souncil Aisiyah, and 2 studying citizens of Taklim Souncil Aisiyag. Technique of collecting the data uses interview, observation, and documentation. Analyzing the data is done with these following steps: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. Validation of the data uses triangulation technique, begin from subject triangulation, time triangulation, and technique triangulation. The result of the research shows that method that is used by Mrs. Sampurna as reciting Al-Quran teacher of Taklim Souncil Aisiyah is Iqra’ Method in which by this method, it can help Mrs. Sampurna in doing teaching and learning process of reciting Al-Quran at Aisyah Shelter. The implementation is reciting Al-Quran directly by turns. If there is wrong reading, it will be admonished by the teacher and is corrected the reads directly and with method and the implementation which Mrs. Sampurna does gets good responds from women of Taklim Souncil Aisiyah after they end Al-Quran. They are taught Tajwid understanding , if there is reciting from another place , they also follow the reciting in order to improving the ability of reciting Al-Quran too. The infrastructures at Taklim Souncil Aisiyah are still suitable and enough to facilitate women of Taklim Souncil Aisiyah. The proponent factor of Mrs. Sampurna as reciting Al-Quran teacher of Taklim Souncil Aisiyah and Mrs. Sukarsih and also Ibu Rusni is the wants and big spirit for studying of reciting Al-Quran and the obstacle factor is the infrastructure which is the building of shelter as the place of women of taklim souncil Aisiyah for studying the Alquran reciting has been brittle and broken. Keywords: reciting Al-Quran teacher, effort, Taklim Souncil, reading Al-Quran

Zero Shot Learning for Code Education: Rubric Sampling with Deep Learning Inference

In modern computer science education, massive open online courses (MOOCs) log thousands of hours of data about how students solve coding challenges. Being so rich in data, these platforms have garnered the interest of the machine learning community, with many new algorithms attempting to autonomously provide feedback to help future students learn. But what about those first hundred thousand students? In most educational contexts (i.e. classrooms), assignments do not have enough historical data for supervised learning. In this paper, we introduce a human-in-the-loop “rubric sampling” approach to tackle the “zero shot” feedback challenge. We are able to provide autonomous feedback for the first students working on an introductory programming assignment with accuracy that substantially outperforms data-hungry algorithms and approaches human level fidelity. Rubric sampling requires minimal teacher effort, can associate feedback with specific parts of a student’s solution and can articulate a student’s misconceptions in the language of the instructor. Deep learning inference enables rubric sampling to further improve as more assignment specific student data is acquired. We demonstrate our results on a novel dataset from Code.org, the world’s largest programming education platform.

ISLAMIC EDUCATION TEACHERS’ EFFORTS IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ SPIRITUAL POTENCIAL IN LEARNING (A STUDY AT SMP N 29 PADANG)

This study was conducted because of the need to develop students’ spiritual potential in the learning process conducted by teachers of Islamic Education at SMP N 29 Padang. The purpose of this study is to determine the efforts undertaken by teachers of Islamic Religious Education to develop the spiritual potential of students in improving the learning process.In this research, teacher effort in developing potencial student has not been maximal yet. Aamong the indication is that students have not showed their religious attitude to students either through attitude, behavior, speech or association because the learning model created in the learning process has not given opportunity for students to do so. So that the learning has not given meaning to the students themselves which resulted the ungrowth of the students’ awareness.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) IPA DENGAN METODE PEMODELAN (School Action Research Di SMPN 1 Bakarangan Kabupaten Tapin)

This school action research aims to motivate teachers and be active in making the lesson plan, so the students' motivation and achievement in science improve. The study was conducted for 3 (three) months in 3 cycles of action centered on evaluation sessions. Teacher activities data were generally obtained through observation and field notes, while teacher achievement was obtained through questionnaires and tests. The data were analyzed and interpretated qualitatively. The result showed that by using the modeling method, there was a change of teacher activeness in the effort of making the lesson plan, with activity level before the action below 65% increased to 85% on achievement aspect of teacher effort. There was also an increase in teacher effort with a grade point average before action below 6.5, increasing to 8.25 at the end of the action. From the research results can be concluded that the modeling method improves the teachers’’ ability in making the lesson plan. Keywords: lesson plan, modeling method. Abstrak. Penelitian tindakan sekolah ini bertujuan agar guru termotivasi dan aktif dalam membuat RPP IPA sehingga dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan prestasi belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPA. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 3 (tiga) bulan dalam 3 siklus tindakan yang dipusatkan pada sesi evaluasi. Data kegiatan guru secara umum diperoleh melalui observasi dan catatan lapangan, sedangkan prestasi guru diperoleh melalui hasil angket dan tes. Analisis dan interpretasi data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penilaian menunjukan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode pemodelan terjadi perubahan keaktifan guru dalam upaya pembuatan RPP IPA, dengan tingkat keaktifan sebelum tindakan di bawah 65 % meningkat menjadi 85% pada aspek prestasi upaya guru. Terdapat pula peningkatan upaya guru dengan nilai rata-rata kelas sebelum tindakan di bawah 6,5 ,meningkat menjadi 8,25 pada akhir tindakan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode Pemodelan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam membuat RPP IPA. Kata Kunci: Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran, Metode Pemodelan.