Realized Publicness at Public and Private Research Universities

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary K. Feeney ◽  
Eric Welch
Keyword(s):  
Research Universities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Research

scholarly journals Inevitable future: space colonization beyond Earth with microbes first

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose V Lopez ◽  
Raquel S Peixoto ◽  
Alexandre S Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Potential Space ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Planetary Protection ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Private Research ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Space Colonization ◽  
Future Plans

ABSTRACT Based on modern microbiology, we propose a major revision in current space exploration philosophy and planetary protection policy, especially regarding microorganisms in space. Mainly, microbial introduction should not be considered accidental but inevitable. We hypothesize the near impossibility of exploring new planets without carrying and/or delivering any microbial travelers. In addition, although we highlight the importance of controlling and tracking such contaminations—to explore the existence of extraterrestrial microorganisms—we also believe that we must discuss the role of microbes as primary colonists and assets, rather than serendipitous accidents, for future plans of extraterrestrial colonization. This paradigm shift stems partly from the overwhelming evidence of microorganisms’ diverse roles in sustaining life on Earth, such as symbioses and ecosystem services (decomposition, atmosphere effects, nitrogen fixation, etc.). Therefore, we propose a framework for new discussion based on the scientific implications of future colonization and terraforming: (i) focus on methods to track and avoid accidental delivery of Earth's harmful microorganisms and genes to extraterrestrial areas; (ii) begin a rigorous program to develop and explore ‘Proactive Inoculation Protocols’. We outline a rationale and solicit feedback to drive a public and private research agenda that optimizes diverse organisms for potential space colonization.

scholarly journals R&D cooperation, proximity and distribution of public funding between public and private research sectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-800
Author(s):  
Marie‐Laure Cabon‐Dhersin ◽  
Romain Gibert
Keyword(s):  
Public Funding ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Research

RITMER NETWORK FOR THE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION IN OIL AND CHEMICAL ANTIPOLLUTION TECHNOLOGY: A FRENCH TOOL FOR INNOVATIVE PROJECTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 623-629
Author(s):  
Jean Croquette ◽  
Georges Peigné ◽  
Monique Guillou ◽  
François Laurent ◽  
Michel Huther
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Chemical Spills ◽  
Private Research ◽  
Oily Waste ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Spill Control ◽  
Accident Detection

ABSTRACT The Technological Research and Innovation Network RITMER was created by the French Ministry of research in 2001 after the ERIKA oil spill, in order to structure the French research, and to develop links between public and private research and development in the fight against accidental pollution domain. The network is a tool created to stimulate the innovative research and is complementary to activities carried out by Ifremer and Cedre. It brings together representatives of academic research, industry and authorities responsible for spill control preparedness and operations. Ifremer and the Brest University are the moderators of the network, and Cedre is one of its most active members. The main activity of the Ritmer is to define priority areas and to publish calls for proposals, and organize the selection of innovative projects to be supported by the French Ministries. These projects must associate research institutes or universities, with industry or other users of the R&D results, and they should have direct potential application in the fight operations. Since 2001, 25 projects have been selected, representing more than 13 million Euros of budget and 7.7 million Euros of support by the ministries. These projects concern the main problems encountered in case of accident: detection tools, evaluation, models, recovery at sea and on the coast, waste treatment, organization, communication. Two of them deal with chemical spills. The paper describes the main projects and gives more detailed description of seven of them which have already produced significant results after two years of work: remote sensing of sunken oil, thermal treatment of oily waste, oil biodegrading parameters, behavior of chemical products at sea. The future priorities for the French research are also presented in relation to two Ritmer seminars organized in 2003 and 2004, respectively on detection devices and probes, and on innovative tools and methods for the response in coastal areas. Several international actions which have been conducted for the coordination of research in Europe, and in cooperation with Japan and Spain are also described.

scholarly journals تخصيص القرآن بالقرآن دراسة أصولية تطبيقية

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-64
Author(s):  
Mashhur Hatem Al-Harthy Mashhur Hatem Al-Harthy
Keyword(s):  
Public And Private ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Private Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Good Deeds

This is a fundamentalist research on one of the general and specific issues in the Holy Quran: the issue of "assigning the Qur'an to the Qur'an.the fundamentals of jurisprudence have an effect on the validity of reasoning and the soundness of devising judgments, especially public and private research. The third requirement: the definition of the second, the third requirement: the definition of the Quran, the fourth requirement: the rule of the allocation of the Koran in the Koran, and the fifth demand: examples applied to the allocation of the Koran in the Koran, and cited twenty examples of application of the books of interpretation and others , Then reported findings and recommendations. Asking God Almighty to provide us with useful knowledge and good deeds, and to make the Koran an argument for us not to us, arrived Allah peace on our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions

scholarly journals Sources and Uses of Annual Giving at Private Research Universities

10.1002/ir.85 ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (119) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Smith ◽  
Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Keyword(s):  
Research Universities ◽  
Annual Giving ◽  
Private Research
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