The Theory of User Cost and Income

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hak Choi
Keyword(s):  
User Cost

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Approach Developed for Steel Bridge Deck Pavement Schemes

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Changbo Liu ◽  
Zhendong Qian ◽  
Yang Liao ◽  
Haisheng Ren
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Steel Bridge ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Construction Quality ◽  
Concrete System ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Bridge Deck Pavement

This study aims to evaluate the economy of a steel bridge deck pavement scheme (SBDPS) using a comprehensive life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis approach. The SBDPS are divided into the “epoxy asphalt concrete system”(EA system) and“ Gussasphalt concrete system”(GA system) according to the difference in the material in the lower layer of the SBDPS. A targeted LCC checklist, including manager cost and user cost was proposed, and a Markov-based approach was applied to establish a life-cycle performance model with clear probability characteristics for SBDPS. Representative traffic conditions were designed using a uniform design method, and the LCC of SBDPS under representative traffic conditions and different credibility (construction quality as a random factor) was compared. The reliability of the LCC analysis approach was verified based on the uncertainty analysis method. Based on an expert-scoring approach, a user cost weight was obtained to ensure it is considered reasonably in the LCC analysis. Compared with the cumulative traffic volume, the cumulative equivalent single axle loads (CESAL) have a closer relationship with the LCC. The GA system has better LCC when the CESAL is less, while the EA system is just the opposite. The breaking point of CESAL for the LCC of the EA system and the GA system is 15 million times. The LCC analysis of SBDPS should consider the influence of random factors such as construction quality. The comprehensive LCC analysis approach in this paper can provide suggestions for bridge-management departments to make a reasonable selection on SBDPS.

scholarly journals A Multiobjective Decision-Making Model for Risk-Based Maintenance Scheduling of Railway Earthworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Irina Stipanovic ◽  
Zaharah Allah Bukhsh ◽  
Cormac Reale ◽  
Kenneth Gavin
Keyword(s):  
Utility Theory ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Multi Attribute Utility Theory ◽  
Network Maintenance ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Do So

Aged earthworks constitute a major proportion of European rail infrastructures, the replacement and remediation of which poses a serious problem. Considering the scale of the networks involved, it is infeasible both in terms of track downtime and money to replace all of these assets. It is, therefore, imperative to develop a rational means of managing slope infrastructure to determine the best use of available resources and plan maintenance in order of criticality. To do so, it is necessary to not just consider the structural performance of the asset but also to consider the safety and security of its users, the socioeconomic impact of remediation/failure and the relative importance of the asset to the network. This paper addresses this by looking at maintenance planning on a network level using multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). MAUT is a methodology that allows one to balance the priorities of different objectives in a harmonious fashion allowing for a holistic means of ranking assets and, subsequently, a rational means of investing in maintenance. In this situation, three different attributes are considered when examining the utility of different maintenance options, namely availability (the user cost), economy (the financial implications) and structural reliability (the structural performance and subsequent safety of the structure). The main impact of this paper is to showcase that network maintenance planning can be carried out proactively in a manner that is balanced against the needs of the organization.

scholarly journals Taxes and the User Cost of Capital for Owner-Occupied Housing

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patric H. Hendershott ◽  
Joel Slemrod
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
User Cost

Determining Minimum Contract Time for Highway Projects

2000 ◽  
Vol 1712 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Fang Shr ◽  
Benjamin P. Thompson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Russell ◽  
Bin Ran ◽  
H. Ping Tserng
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Road User ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Highway Projects ◽  
The Road ◽  
State Highway ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
The Cost ◽  
State Highway Agencies

An increasing number of state highway agencies (SHAs) are using A (cost) + B (time cost) bidding ( A + B bidding) for highway construction. The A + B bidding concept is designed to shorten the total contract time by allowing each contractor to bid the number of days in which the work can be accomplished, in addition to the traditional cost bid. The SHA is then presented with the problem of determining a reasonable range of contract time submitted by the bidders. Most SHAs do not currently restrict the range of B. However, several problems may arise from an unrestricted range of B. First, if no minimum is set for B, a bidder may inflate the cost bid and submit an unreasonably low B, using the excess cost bid to cover the disincentives charged for exceeding the time bid. Second, if no maximum is set for B, then a bidder with a high B and a low-cost bid may be awarded the job and make an unreasonable amount of money from incentive payments. This study develops a quantified model of the price-time bidding contract. A construction cost-versus-time curve is developed from Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) data. The contractor’s price-versus-time curve is then combined with the road-user cost to determine the optimum lower limit to be set on B. Finally, several projects completed by the Florida DOT will be used to illustrate this model.

User Cost Analysis of UDOT’s Traffic Incident Management Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell G. Hadfield ◽  
Logan S. Bennett ◽  
Grant G. Schultz ◽  
Mitsuru Saito ◽  
Dennis L. Eggett
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Traffic Incident ◽  
Traffic Incident Management

User Cost and the Demand for Housing Attributes

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Leroy Gill ◽  
Donald R. Haurin
Keyword(s):  
User Cost ◽  
Housing Attributes

scholarly journals Determination of natural assets of territorial communities: theoretical discourse

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
K. Patytska
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Asset Management ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Dual Approach ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Relationship

The paper determines the natural assets of territorial communities and reveals their components in the context of domestic legislation. Scientific approaches to the specified problem in domestic and western scientific thought are developed. The essence of the concept «natural assets» is revealed and their main features – the presence of the identified owner, active manager and user; cost; Legal Status; economic return are defined. The relationship between the categories «natural assets», «natural resources» and «natural resource potential» are established. The main difference between natural resources as the asset of territorial community and other types of assets – the need for dual approach to their management: to generate income, ensure community development and in the interests of all stakeholder groups; in order to preserve the natural environment is revealed. The scientific approach to natural resource management with the participation of local communities, which is based on the principles of subsidiarity, sustainability, fairness, accountability, efficiency, activity, adaptability, environmental responsibility, inclusiveness is analyzed. This approach has the following common features: decentralization of powers to manage natural assets; reconciling the interests of stakeholders and opportunities for efficient of natural resources use; combination of environmental and socio-economic goals in the process of natural asset management; development of institutions for increasing decision-making efficiency in the field of natural asset management at the community level; stakeholders education and notification. Scientific approaches to the systematization of natural assets of territorial communities in terms of stakeholders groups (by ownership of the asset, the possibility of access to the asset and competition in their use) are studied. The expediency of classifying stakeholders as natural assets of territorial communities by their interests is substantiated. The peculiarities of the use/utilization and possession of natural resources in accordance with the legislative acts regulating natural resource relations in Ukraine are revealed.

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