scholarly journals China's Energy Economy: Technical Change, Factor Demand and Interfactor/Interfuel Substitution

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengyun Ma ◽  
Leslie T. Oxley ◽  
John Gibson ◽  
Bonggeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Change Factor ◽  
Factor Demand ◽  
Energy Economy

scholarly journals China's energy economy: Technical change, factor demand and interfactor/interfuel substitution

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 2167-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengyun Ma ◽  
Les Oxley ◽  
John Gibson ◽  
Bonggeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Change Factor ◽  
Factor Demand ◽  
Energy Economy

Induced Technical Change in Energy and Environmental Modeling: Analytic Approaches and Policy Implications

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Grubb ◽  
Jonathan Köhler ◽  
Dennis Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Environmental Modeling ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Technological Diversity ◽  
Energy Economy ◽  
Induced Technical Change

▪ Abstract  Technical change in the energy sector is central for addressing long-term environmental issues, including climate change. Most models of energy, economy, and the environment (E3 models) use exogenous assumptions for this. This is an important weakness. We show that there is strong evidence that technical change in the energy sector is to an important degree induced by market circumstances and expectations and, by implication, by environmental policies such as CO2 abatement. We classify the main approaches to modeling such induced technical change and review results with particular reference to climate change. Among models with learning by doing, weak responses are only obtained from models that are highly aggregated (lack technological diversity) and/or that equate rates of return to innovation across sectors. Induced technical change broadens the scope of efficient policies toward mitigation, including not just research and development and aggregated market instruments but a range of sectoral-based policies potentially at divergent marginal costs. Furthermore, to the extent that cleaner technologies induced by mitigation diffuse globally, a positive spillover will result that will tend to offset the substitution-based negative spillover usually hypothesized to result from the migration of polluting industries. Initial explorations suggest that this effect could also be very large.

An intraregional economic analysis of production structure and factor demand in major Canadian softwood lumber producing regions

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Meil ◽  
J. C. Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behaviour Factor ◽  
Factor Demand

Cross-sectional time-series data were employed to estimate four intraregional models of production structure and factor demand over the time period 1968–1984. Lumber, tie, and pulp chip information was incorporated into the restricted, single-output, variable cost transcendental logarithmic function. Results indicate that aggregate sectoral studies do not adequately reflect regional production behaviour in the industry. Additional tests for aggregation bias demonstrated that different mill sizes within a region also portray differing production behaviour. Factor demand decomposition analysis indicated that demand for production inputs is not static, but is governed by offsetting dynamic effects. With few exceptions, all mills across regions exemplify material- and energy-using and labour-saving biases in technical change. Larger mills consistenly registered the greatest labour-saving technical change, which countered their lack of attaining significantly large cost-reducing scale economies. Mid-sized mills consistently exhibited the largest returns to scale. The data suggest that small mills are leaving the industry in some regions and production capacity is becoming concentrated in the larger mills.

scholarly journals Factor Demands of Louisiana Rice Producers: An Econometric Investigation

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia E. McLean-Meyinsse ◽  
Albert Ade. Okunade
Keyword(s):  
Cost Function ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Factor Demand ◽  
Factor Share ◽  
Demand Equations ◽  
Input Prices

AbstractA Diewert-flexible (dual) cost function was used to derive a system of conditional factor demand equations for Louisiana rice producers. Generalized Leontief cost and factor share equations were fitted for the 1955-87 period using Zellner's SURE system estimation procedure. The Aitken parameter estimates reveal that: (1) the optimal input mix of rice farmers varies with production scale, (2) the factor-augmenting technical change is labor and chemical saving but seed using, (3) pairwise input substitutions are limited, and (4) factor demands are own-price inelastic. An implication is that Louisiana rice farmers will not appreciably alter their factor utilizations when relative input prices change.

The sawmill industry of the Lake States: a study of productivity, technological change, and factor demand

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2633-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
James RG McQueen ◽  
Karen Potter-Witter
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Factor Demand ◽  
Sawmill Industry ◽  
Variable Cost Function

A translog variable cost function of the sawmill industry in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin was estimated using pooled time-series data for the period 1963–1996 with inputs labour, materials, and capital. The estimated model imposed Hicks-neutral technical change and allowed for nonconstant returns to scale as well as nonunitary elasticities of substitution amongst the inputs. Results for the Allen–Uzawa partial elasticity of substitution and the Morishima elasticity of substitution indicate that the three inputs were inelastic substitutes. The own-price elasticities of demand and the cross-price elasticities were all inelastic. The industry exhibits increasing returns to scale and positive technical change. Total factor productivity was increasing by 0.69%/year over the study period.

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