Type, effects and cause of injuries suffered by workers in the sawmill industry of El Salto, Durango, Mexico

Introduction: Sawmill work is a dangerous occupation because it involves handling materials and equipment that exposes workers to many risks that can affect their health and safety.Objective: To identify injuries, parts of the body affected and agents that cause accidents in sawmill workers in the region of El Salto, Durango.Materials and methods:A structured survey was applied to 300 workers in 26 sawmills and pallet mills to determine typology, damages and cause of injuries suffered in the last five years.Results and discussion: In the sawmills of El Salto, the most important positions are occupied by people of older age and work experience, regardless of their level of schooling; they have suffered one to five accidents in the last five years and only 32 % have received occupational safety training. The most frequent injuries were caused by hits and crushing body parts of assistants (57 %), open wounds in operators (16 %) and sprains (15 %). The mechanisms causing these injuries were getting stuck by moving objects (30 %), hitting against moving objects (23.3 %), falling objects (14.3 %) and false moves (13.7 %). Fingers were the most affected (35 %) due to a hit and by getting stuck. Conclusions: Safety training is limited, leading to 95 % of workers with injuries with different degrees of severity. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.

Batik Grajen: Eco-friendly batik utilizing wood waste for batik dye

Grajen Batik is batik which coloring process uses natural dyes from grajen (sawdust) waste. Batik Grajen was developed by batik artisans in the Bulakan area, Sukoharjo, Central Java. The development of Batik Grajen is ecologically alluring since the Bulakan community processes sawdust from the sawmill industry into eco-friendly batik dyes. Sawdust (grajen) waste is used as batik dye because of the pigment contained. The dyes produced are safer and more eco-friendly than synthetic dyes. The effort made by the Bulakan community through Batik Grajen products is a creative solution to respond to environmental problems, especially waste problems that can be recycled into creative products with economic value.

Characteristics of wood pellets from over-dry sawdust waste

Wood pellets are renewable fuels from biomass which can be an alternative substitute for petroleum fuels. One of the raw materials for making wood pellets is sawdust from the sawmill industry or other wood craftsmen. Sawdust waste that dumped for a long time will reduce its moisture content (over-dry) and will be difficult to form into pellets. In this paper, we studied the effect of adding liquid solution ie. water, tapioca starch solution, pure molasses solution and dilute molasses solution on over-dry sawdust to the characteristic properties of wood pellet torrefaction. The sawdust material was collected from the wood sawmill in the Bogor District. There were five treatments i.e sawdust (control), sawdust + 10% water, sawdust + 10% tapioca starch solution, sawdust + 10% pure molasses solution, sawdust + 10% diluted molasses solution. The wood pellet torrefaction properties were investigated using a manual hot press at the temperature of 210°C. The results showed that the addition of pure molasses solution produced better pellets than other treatments, with properties i.e water content of 2.65%, the ash content of 1.45%, volatile matter 76.72%, fixed carbon 19.18%, the calorific value of 19.56 MJkg−1, density 0.84 gcm−3, and compressive strength 52.22 kgcm−2.

Penanganan Limbah Baglog Jamur Tiram (Pleurotus osteatus) di Desa Bodag Kecamatan Kare Kabupaten Madiun

The sawmill industry in the village of Bodag, Kare Subdistrict, Madiun Regency causes an abundance of sawdust. The waste can be used as a growing media for oyster mushroom cultivation. This waste problem can be overcome, but new issues arise with the production of mushroom growing media (baglog). Baglog waste generated in one harvest more or less (1 - 2) t. Limited knowledge and skills in the use of baglog waste is a problem. The community service program aims to improve the skills of mushroom farmers to yield products made from baglog waste. Activities to overcome problems using counselling methods, discussions, practices and assistance. Initial counselling of the meeting about the prospects for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms continued handling baglog which has expired so that it does not become waste that pollutes the environment. Target and outputs of activities, namely after farmers follow counselling on managing waste and making various waste products, farmers can produce compost, animal feed and fuel made from baglog waste which can increase farmer's income. Keywords: old baglog, contaminated baglog, environmental pollution, baglog compost Abstrak Industri penggergajian kayu di desa Bodag Kecamatan Kare Kabupaten Madiun menyebabkan berlimpahnya serbuk gergaji kayu. Limbah tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai media tanam budidaya jamur tiram. Permasalahan limbah ini dapat diatasi namun timbul masalah baru dengan dihasilkannya limbah media tanam jamur (baglog). Limbah baglog yang dihasilkan dalam satu kali panen kurang lebih (1 – 2) t.. Keterbatasan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pemanfaatan limbah baglog merupakan suatu permasalahan. Tujuan program pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah meningkatkan keterampilan petani jamur untuk menghasilkan produk berbahan limbah baglog. Kegiatan mengatasi permasalahan menggunakan metode penyuluhan, diskusi, praktek dan pendampingan. Penyuluhan awal pertemuan tentang prospek budidaya jamur tiram dilanjutkan penanganan baglog yang telah habis masa tanamnya agar tidak menjadi limbah yang mencemari lingkungan. Sesuai target dan luaran kegiatan yaitu setelah petani mengikuti penyuluhan penanganan limbah dan pembuatan berbagai produk limbah maka petani dapat memproduksi kompos, pakan ternak dan bahan bakar berbahan baku limbah baglog yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Kata kunci: baglog tua; baglog terkontaminasi; pencemaran lingkungan; kompos baglog

Linking Visual and Stress Wave Grading of Beech Wood from the Log to the Sawmill Product

The quality potential and possibilities of using beech logs and sawn wood was investigated. Twenty-seven beech logs, with a mean diameter of 48 cm, were cut from 10 trees from a Hacquetio epipactidis-Fagetum site in SE Slovenia. The trees were pre-selected according to the national 5-level quality scale for forest stand evaluation, using two trees per class. Beech logs were classified according to the EN 1316-1 and sawn afterwards into unedged boards of 35 mm nominal thickness. Altogether, 250 boards were visually graded according to the rules of the European Organisation of the Sawmill Industry (EOS). Longitudinal vibration of logs and boards with the determination of stress wave velocity by MTG timber grader was additionally included into the quality assessment. In the case of logs, we confirmed significance of the relationship between visually assessed log quality and stress wave velocity. The stress wave velocity in logs was also related to the stress wave velocity in boards, where it varied considerably, especially for low-graded material. In the case of sawn wood, the relationship between sawn wood grade and stress wave velocity was insignificant. The research confirmed the possibility of presorting of logs, visually or non-destructively, for better classification and utilization of sawn timber.

PERSENTASE LIMBAH PADA INDUSTRI SAWMILL PT. BERAU KARYA INDAH DI KABUPATEN TELUK BINTUNI

The goal of this study was to understand the types of wood waste and its percentage emanating from sawmill industry. The study situated in sawmill industry of PT. Berau Karya Indah, district of Teluk Bintuni. Data were performed in tabulation and exhibited in tables and images. The results indicated that wood waste obtained from wood processing was about 49.73% that consisted of wood sawdust around 20.69%, slash waste was about 29.03%. In detail, presentation of each detailed unit machine was elaborated such as breakdown saw produced about 4.20 %, ponny produced wood sawdust approximately 11.50 %, resaw indicated sawdust roughly 27 %, while from crosscut, the process produced sawdust approximately 7.02%. Another reuse wood waste was noticed for packing from the slash waste, but the overall wood waste has not been used proportionally due to lack of community engagement.

ANALISYS PRODUCTION COST of SAWMILL ON THE PT KATINGAN TIMBER CELEBES IN WAMLANA VILLAGE BURU REGENCY

The objective of this study was to find out components of production cost and analyzing the cost of production materials which used full costing method and variable costing method. This research was conducted at October 2019 on PT. Katingan Timber Celebes Wamlana Village, Fenaleisela Subdistrict, Buru Regency. The company is a buried sawmill industry at Buru Island when has a primary industrial license for timber. Research data were collected by observation, documentation and interview methods, and then analyzed by full costing and variable costing methods. The result showed that the components of production cost consist of raw materials cost, direct labor cost used fixed factory overhead cost and variable factory overhead cost. The cost of production used costing method have value of Rp.5.120.341.644,- more higher compered to variable costing is Rp.4.542.320.899,- the difference value of the cost of production due to full costing methods which imposes the fixed overhead cost and the variable overhead cost, that the cost of production is higher than with variable costing methods which imposes by factory overhead cost.